Tillandsia - chisamaliro chakunyumba, chithunzi

Tillandsia(Tillandsia) - maluwa okongola wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apakale komanso utoto wosangalatsa. Mtundu wazomera zamtundu wazomera wochokera kubanja la Bromeliad, wotchedwa pulofesa waku Sweden a Tillands - amene amapanga Botanical Garden ku University of Helsinki. Imapezeka zachilengedwe m'mapiri komanso m'nkhalango zotentha za South America. Amakhala kunyumba pafupifupi zaka zisanu.

Imakula pang'onopang'ono, mpaka 0,3 - 0,6 m. Tillandsia limamasula kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka Januware wokhala ndi maluwa owala abuluu ozunguliridwa ndi mabulangeti osalala omwe amawoneka ngati khutu la rasipiberi kapena mtundu wamoto. Masamba ofikira (mpaka 30 cm) amapaka utoto wobiriwira kapena imvi. Chomera choyenera cha maluwa.

Zopindulitsa zimapangidwa za mpakaandsia

Tillandsia imangokhala ndi mphamvu palokha, kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja (anthu, zinthu), kuzichita bwino, ndikugawa moyenera pazamaluwa. Mphamvu ya duwa imatsogozedwa kuchokera kumizu kupita kutsinde; masamba ozungulira ndi maluwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera, iwo amafalikira mozungulira mbewuyo ndi mphamvu yamphamvu.

Pafupi naye pali kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu. Duwa limapindulitsa kwambiri ndikuyeretsa mpweya komanso kuyamwa kaphokoso kam'chipindacho. M'mayiko a South America, mipando imakhala yopangidwa ndi masamba olimba, ndipo mapilo ndi matiresi amaikiramo nazo.

Tillandsia home care (mwachidule)

Tillandsia kunyumba Zofunika kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera chisamaliro:

Pali mawonekedwe a kukula kwa mpaka kuandsia. Tillandsia imatha kumera pansi, ndipo imatha kukhala epiphyte ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamiyala, miyala ndi zina zothandizira. Mutha kukula duwa pachidutswa cha khungwa, mutadula kabowo m'mbuyomu. Duwa limayikidwa mu dzenje, lomwe mizu yake imakutidwa ndi sphagnum. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imakhala ndi nthawi yopumira mchipinda chinyezi. Pakadali pano, ikhoza kuyikidwa mu florarium.

Tillandsia chisamaliro chakunyumba

Maluwa a Tillandsia kunyumba safunikira chisamaliro chapadera, ngakhale novice amatha kuchikulitsa. Koma kuti apange zofunikira zofunikira za tillandsia - chomera chotentha - kuti mukhale omasuka, ndikofunikira.

Tillandsia pachimake

Tillandsia kunyumba limamasula kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala mpaka Januware. Maluwa a chomera chachilendo ndi mawonekedwe opatsa chidwi. Pamwamba pa maluwa opendekera masamba obiriwira otambalala amatulutsa mabulangeti utoto wa rasipiberi (lalanje, ofiira). Amapanga ma inflorescence athyathyathya, ofanana ndi chingwe chachikulu chokhala ndi mizere iwiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, maluwa 1 mpaka 2 owala (bluu) amatha maluwa. Duwa lomaliza litatha, peduncle amasunga kukongoletsa kwakanthawi. Pa chomeracho, mpaka mphukira zotsalira za 8 zimapangidwa. Nthawi ina ikadzaphuka.

Njira yotentha

Kunyumba mpakaandsia amakonda kwambiri kutentha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwa boma. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwapanyumba sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa + 17 ° C, ndipo nthawi yotentha - kuchokera + 22 - 29 ° C. Usiku, matenthedwe ayenera kukhala otsika pang'ono kuposa masana, koma kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuyenera kupewedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, duwa limatha kutengedwera kunja.

Tillandsia salekerera kukonzekera, kotero muyenera kusankha malo omwe kulibe.

Kuwaza

Kuti tillandsia ikule bwino, chisamaliro chanyumba chimafunikira kukhala chinyezi cha mlengalenga cha 60 - 87%. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa masamba tsiku lililonse kumachitika ndi madzi osalala a tepid.. Madzi sayenera kugwera pa inflorescence ndi maluwa, apo ayi ataya kukopa

. Madzi azisungidwa mu tsamba lomwe limasungidwa. Nthaka yokutidwa ndi moss yonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chitha kuyikidwa mu greenhouse - the florarium, momwe chinyezi chokwanira chimaperekedwera.

Kuwala

Tillandsia akumva bwino kwambiri amakhala m'malo otetezeka, makamaka masiku otentha, ngakhale amakonda kuwala. Pawindo loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumpoto chakumadzulo, mpakaandsia akumva bwino. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, duwa limafunikira kuwala kowonjezera, kotero limasamutsidwa kumadzulo kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Zokondedwa kwambiri pamtengowo ndizowunikira.

Kuthirira

M'chilimwe, kuthirira yambiri kumafunikira masiku 7 aliwonse pansi pa muzu. M'nyengo yozizira, tillandsia amathiriridwa madzi pang'ono pamwamba panthaka.

Ngati madzi ali mu malo ogulitsira, simungathe kuthirira nthaka. Kuthirira madzi atha kukhazikika firiji. Sphagnum imayikidwa pansi kuti ikhale chinyezi.

Tillandsia primer

Dothi la forandsia liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lachonde. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kungathe kukonzedwa palokha ndikuwonjezera peat, sphagnum ndi mchenga ndi makala osankhidwa kumunda wamundawo. Tillandsia kunyumba imatha kumera bwino mu dothi lokonzekera ma orchid, itha kugulidwa m'sitolo. Kuongolera kumayenera kukhala kwabwino, osachepera 1/3 a kuchuluka kwa mphika.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuthira manyowa ndi kuthira manyowa ndikofunikira pakukula bwino ndikusunga kukongoletsa kwa duwa. Tillandsia ayenera kuthira masamba ndi 2 times kuchepetsedwa madzi feteleza (mutha kuthira yankho mu socket). Amadyetsedwa sabata iliyonse mpaka 3 mpaka 3.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa madzi a orchid. Ma feteleza amadzimadzi amadzimadzi. Zamoyo (kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, humus) sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Ngati duwalsia akukula pakhungwa, ndiye kuti nkhuni, pang'onopang'ono zowola, zimapereka maluwa ndi zinthu zofunikira. Zovala zamizu sizichita: izi zimatha kuvulaza mizu yofooka yazomera.

Tillandsia kupatsidwa

Ngati palendandia wogula kumsika, ayenera kudikirira kuti zitheke: maluwa atafa, chomera chachikulu chimafa, sizingakhale zomveka kuzibweza. Nthawi yotsatira mbewuyo ikadzalidwa panthawi yopatula ana kapena kukwaniritsa maluwa pansi.

Kuyika kwa Tillandsia kukhala chidebe chokhazikika kumachitika popanda kuzama. Mphika umasankhidwa mosaphika, koma lalikulu. Sabata yoyamba duwa limakhala loumbika ndipo silithirira madzi. Thirani maluwa ndikulimbikitsidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Kudulira

Kukula - gawo lofunika posamalira mbewu zambiri. Tillandsia ali ndi gawo lotsika komanso kukula kwakanthawi. Chomera chowumbika sichimapanga ndevu zowonjezera ndi mphukira. Phesi louma lokha lomwe lingadulidwe. Pambuyo pa izi, chomera chachikulu chimafa, koma zitsulo zazing'ono zimatsalira, zomwe zimapitilirabe kusamalira.

Kusamalidwa kosamalitsa ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa mpaka mpakaandsia akukhala chomera chofala kwambiri.

Kuswana kwa Tillandsia

Kufalitsa kwa Tillandsia kumapezeka m'njira ziwiri - mbewu kapena makanda.

Kubalana ana

Kubalana ana - Njira yotchuka yopezera chomera chatsopano. Ana (ofananira nawo machitidwe) amapangika nthawi yamaluwa a mpakaandsia.

• Pambuyo pamaluwa, pofuna kuteteza chomera cha chiberekero, mphukira zamtundu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi izo, mpaka kufika masentimita 7-10 ndikupanga mizu.
• Malo olekanirana ndi mbeu amaphatikizidwa ndi makala amoto.
• Mwanayo amabzalidwa mumchenga wosakanizika ndi peat, amatengedwa mbali zofanana.
• Thirani madzi ndikusiya mpaka mutazika mizu, ndipo nditatha miyezi itatu ndikuyika kwina.
• Zaka ziwiri kenako kapena patapita nthawi pang'ono, mpakaandsia adzaphuka.
• Ngati duwa lili ndi mphukira 1, limasiyidwa mumphika, ndipo chomera chouma chija chimachotsedwa. Epiphytes amachulukana mosavuta: amagawikana kukhala zidutswa, zomwe mizu yake imakutidwa ndi moss wonyowa ndikuyiyika pothandizira.

Kukula kwa Tillandsia kuchokera ku Mbewu

Kufalitsa mbewu zosavuta nawonso.

• Kusakaniza kwa mchenga wa peat kumathiridwa m'chidebe.
• Mbewu zimayikidwa m'matumba opukutidwa (kuwaza ndi dothi ndipo safunikira kukaikidwa).
• Phimbani ndi zojambulazo ndikusiya kumera pamalo otentha (pafupifupi + 25 ° C).
• Kanemayo amachotsedwa kuti ulimi wothirira komanso mpweya wabwino wa mbande.
• Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mphukira zimawonekera, masamba atatu akawonekera, obzalidwa. Pakatha zaka 5, mbewuyo imaphuka.

Kufalitsa kwa Tillandsia ndikosavuta, koma kusankha njira yoyamba, mutha kuwona chomera chamaluwa mwachangu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Nthawi zina pamachitika zovuta pakakulitsa mpaka leandsia: matenda ndi tizilombo toononga maluwa:

• masamba aandandsia amakhala ofewa komanso owopsa - kutentha kochepa (konzanso pamalo otentha);
• kuvunda mizu ya tillandsia - kuthirira kwamadzi nthaka (kuchepetsa kuthirira);
• mpakaandsia sikupanga malo atsopano -Landani michere (sinthani nthaka, dyetsani);
• imvi masamba a mpakaandsia - matenda oyamba ndi fungus (kutsanulira masamba ndi yankho la fungicide, kuphimba pansi);
• nsonga zamasamba zimasanduka zofiirira - kuthirira ndi madzi olimba (kuthirira ndi madzi osefedwa);
• masamba amakhala bulauni kapena bulauni - kuwola kwa mizu chifukwa chodulira madzi (mbewu imafa);
• masamba amafa - ndondomeko yachilengedwe;
• kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa chitsamba popanda kupezeka - kuwala pang'ono (kukonzanso m'malo owala);
• maluwa anasanduka oyera -Kowonjezera kuwala (pritenit);
• kutayika kwa turgor ndi kusintha kwa masamba - kutentha kwakuthwa;
• timapepala tosangalatsa - kuthirira ndi madzi olimba (tengani madzi omwe atsalira ataimitsidwa ndikuwosefedwa pa kutentha kwa firi);
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba - kutentha kwa dzuwa (maluwa a pritenit);
• masamba otayidwa - kusiyanasiyana pakuwunikira kapena kutentha, kuvunda kwa mizu;
• amasiya kupindika, khwinya, kufa - kusowa chinyezi.

Zofooka mpaka zimathanso kuzimiririka ndi tizirombo: bulalang'amba, tizilombo tambiri, mealybug. Chithandizo cha masamba omwe ali ndi fungicide atapukuta ndi madzi a sopo amawapulumutsa.

Mitundu ya Tillandsia kunyumba ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mwa mitundu 400 ya tillandsia, ochepa okha ndi omwe amabzala kunyumba.

Tillandsia buluu

Masamba ndi obiriwira ochepa, ofiira pamunsi. Fikirani 0, 3 m. Pachimake m'chilimwe. Inflorescence ndi mphezi yowonda. Broker ndi pinki. Maluwa a buluu amatulutsa m'mphepete mwake, kuyambira pamwamba.

Tillandsia Anita

Mitundu yosakanizidwa imakhazikitsidwa ndi Blue. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira otuwa ndi amphepete am'mphepete amapanga rosette. Pakati pake, pa phesi lakufupikitsidwa, duwa lowala la buluu limakula kuzunguliridwa ndi mabulangeti a pinki. Ilibe mizu, imalandira chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga, komanso chakudya - chifukwa cha dzuwa.

Tillandsia sichimasulidwa

Epiphytic osiyanasiyana. Masilidwe amtundu wa silvery wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 5 - 100 cm pansi. Dzinalo lodziwika bwino ndi "Beard Old Man". Maluwa okongola achikasu achikasu. Limamasula m'chilimwe.

Tillandsia tricolor

Green spiky masamba 20 cm kutalika wokutidwa ndi mamba. Mukukhazikika kwawo - 1 kapena kupitilira pamizere. Manda achikopa amapakidwa utoto wophatikizana wobiriwira, wachikaso, wofiira. Duwa lofiirira limamera pachindezi chachikulu (7 cm). Limamasula m'chilimwe.

Tillandsia ndi chomera chowoneka bwino. Zimabweretsa zosiyanasiyana mkati, zimatsindika mawonekedwe ake. Kuphweka kwa chisamaliro cha maluwa kwapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.