Yamimu imapezeka m'mayiko a kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa America, kumene nyengo zimakhala zoyenera kuti zikule zomera. Ku Russia ndi m'mayiko oyandikana nawo, muzu umenewu ukukula. Kwa chilakolako chovomerezeka, mbatata ankatchedwa "mbatata".
Nkhaniyi imalongosola mwatsatanetsatane momwe mbatata amawoneka ngati mbatata mu katundu, maonekedwe, kulawa ndi magawo ena, ndi momwe masamba akusiyana.
Tsatanetsatane ndi kufotokoza mwachidule kwazitsamba
Wokondedwayo ndi chomera cha tuberous cha banja la mpesa. Maonekedwe amawoneka ngati mphesa zokwawa, zomwe kutalika kwake kufika mamita 4-5. Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitirira 18 cm. Mmerawu uli ndi maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyera a mtundu wa njere, mtundu wa lilac kapena pinki.
Yam tubers ndi lalikulu mabokosi mabokosi oblong mawonekedwe masekeli 300-400 g ndipo ali mbali ya muzu.
Mbatata ndi chomera cha tuberous cha banja la Solanaceae. Lili ndi masamba akuluakulu omwe masamba ndi maluwa ndi pinki kapena zoyera. Chitsamba cha mbatata chimakwera mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Kuwonekera kwa tubers kumadalira pa mbatata zosiyanasiyana: iwo ndi oblongola, ovunda kapena kuzungulira; Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wofiira, wofiirira, wofiira kapena wamdima wakuda.
Mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi imakhala ndi zipatso monga mtundu waung'ono wobiriwira omwe ali owopsa. Mbatata ya tubatata imakula kuchokera pansi pa tsinde. Nthawi zambiri tuber imalemera pafupifupi 100 g.
Zidziwika zimenezo Zomera zonsezo ndi zosatha, koma zimalimidwa ngati mbewu za pachaka.
Kodi ichi ndi chinthu chomwecho kapena ayi?
Mbiri ya mbatata ili ndi zaka 4,000. Dziko lakwawo ndi madera otentha ku South America, omwe amakhala kunyumba kwa mbatata.
Ku Ulaya, chikhalidwe chinawonekera chifukwa cha Christopher Columbus m'nthaŵi ya zochitika zazikulu zam'deralo. Dzina lakuti "sweet potato" yamulandila kuchokera ku mafuko a Arawak - Amwenye a ku South America, omwe anayamba kulima chikhalidwe ichi.
Anthu adapatsa chomeracho dzina chifukwa cha zofanana zowoneka bwino za tuber ndi njira zodyera mbatata ndi mbatata. Ndipotu, mbatata sagwirizana ndi mbatata.
Kuyerekezera: ndi zosiyana motani?
Mankhwala amapangidwa ndi kalori wokhutira
Mazira a mbatata:
- 100 g ya tubers muli 80 kcal; 2.02 g wa mapuloteni; 17.79 g chakudya; 0.09 g mafuta.
- Mavitamini: A, E, K, C, B1-B9.
- Mchere: calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, sodium, mkuwa, zinc, selenium, manganese.
Zomera za mbatata:
- 100 g ili ndi 86 kcal; 1.57 g wa mapuloteni; 20.12 g chakudya; 0.05 g mafuta.
- Mavitamini ndi mchere ndi ofanana ndi a mbatata.
Yamakitala chimbudzi chimaphatikizapo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatulutsa timadzi timeneti, zomwe zimatanthawuza kutengeka kwa kapangidwe ka chakudya komanso kumverera kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndiponso Yam ili ndi beta-carotene yambiri, yomwe imakhala mavitamini A. Mgwirizanowu ndi wofunikira kuti ukhale wathanzi, wathanzi, mafupa, tsitsi. 100 g ya mizu yokoma imakhala ndi 170% ya zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku za beta-carotene.
Kulawa
Kusiyana kwa kukoma:
- Mbatata ili ndi kukoma kokoma kwa mchere. Maonekedwe a mbatata yophika ndi yofewa, yosayirira.
- Zomera za mbatata zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, monga mbatata yachisanu. Mitengo ya mchere imeneyi imakhala yokoma kwambiri, yomwe imafanizidwa ndi kukoma kwa dzungu, vwende kapena nthochi.
Mbatata amayerekezera bwino ndi mbatata kuti mizu yawo idyedwa yaiwisi, pamene mbatata yaiwisi siyenela kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malinga ndi zodziwika za kukula
Mbatata imamva bwino nyengo yotentha ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi kuthirira nyengo yotentha.
Kulima zamtchi ku Russia kumapangidwa ndi mbande, pamene tubers alibe nthawi yopanga mbewu yatsopano kwa kanthawi kozizira. Kukula zinthu sikumayima kutentha, choncho Kufika kumatha kumapeto kwa chisanu cha usiku.
Mizere iyenera kukhala patali wa 60-90 masentimita pakati pa wina ndi mzake, kusiyana kwa masentimita 35 mpaka 40 pakati pa mabowo amaloledwa. Kutentha kwa nthaka, kwakukulu ndi kokongola kwambiri mizu ya mbatata idzakhala, choncho amaluwa nthawi zina amapanga nthaka pansi pa mitengo ya mbatata ndi film yapaderadera yotentha ndi kuteteza kuchokera kutentha kwambiri. Kukolola mpaka kutentha kwa mpweya kumadumpha kufika 10 ° C, pamene ma tubers amamwalira kutentha uku.
Mbatata ngati nyengo yozizira, ndipo pa kutentha pamwamba pa 26 ° C, kukula kwake kumayima. 1-2 masabata asanafike, cholinga chodzala zakuthupi chimabweretsa malo ofunda kuti ziwonekere. Pambuyo pokonzekera, mbatata idzauka mofulumira, ndipo zokolola zidzakhala zolemera. Kubzala kumachitika pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kwafikira 6-8 ° C.
Pakati pa mizere ya mbatata ndi bwino kuti tikhale ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi 50 masentimita, pakati pa mabowo mumzere - 35-40 masentimita. Mbatata imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, kukwera ndi kuthetsa tizirombo nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula. Zokolola kuyambira August mpaka September.
Mwa kukula
Mbatata zonse ndi mbatata zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa anthu komanso pofuna kudya. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi mitundu yapadera ya chakudya, yomwe imadziwika bwino kuti imatchulidwa kukoma. Mitundu ya tebulo imadziwika ndi olemera kukoma ndi yosangalatsa mawonekedwe.
Mu mawonekedwe
Mitengo ya mbatata ndi zipatso zozungulira mozungulira, zomwe zili ndi "maso". Mtundu wa peel umatsimikiziridwa ndi zosiyanasiyana ndipo ukhoza kukhala bulauni, wofiira, pinki. Mdulidwe wa mbatata uli woyera kapena wachikasu.
Mbatata ndi chipatso chachikulu cha mtundu wa oblong wa mtundu wofiira kapena lalanje. Mdulidwe wa muzu ndi wowala lalanje. Mbatata zabwino ndi zazikulu kuposa mbatata ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kupitirira kukula kwake.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chili chofunika komanso nthawi yosankha?
Batat akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya cha ana: ana amakhala okonzeka kudya maswiti, ngakhale msuzi kapena mbatata yosakaniza.
Ndiponso Mbatata zotsekemera zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pokonzekera mchere ndi zokometsera zokoma:
- mousses;
- mapepala;
- saladi okoma;
- chips;
- maswiti
Mbatata yowonjezera ndi yabwino kwambiri pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. ndikuphika maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri: kukoma kosalowerera kwazomera kwa tubers kumagwirizana ndi masamba ndi nyama zina zonse.
Mbatata, ngakhale dzina lakuti "mbatata", sali konse. Mitengo imeneyi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndipo siyanjana. Komabe, mbatata ndi mbatata zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi amchere omwewo, omwe ali ndi njira yake yofunikira ku thanzi laumunthu.
