Kupanga nyumba yatsopano nthawi zonse kumakhala ndalama zambiri. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe angakwanitse kumanga popanda kusamala ndi kuyerekezera. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kusunga kuti mukwaniritse bajeti. Komabe, zosungazo ziyenera kukhala zomveka, chifukwa mwiniwakeyo ndi banja lake azikhala m'malo yatsopano. Nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yotentha, yowuma, yabwino komanso yosangalatsa. Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji izi popanda zochulukirapo? Choyamba, kupulumutsa pa gulu la ogwira ntchito. Ngati wopanga ali ndi maluso ofunikira, ndiye kuti zonse kapena pafupifupi chilichonse zitha kuchitidwa nokha. Muthanso kusankha zinthu zotsika mtengo, luso lotsika mtengo, polojekiti wamba. Kodi kutsika mtengo bwanji kumanga nyumba ndi manja anu? Kodi kupulumutsa ndi chiyani, ndipo ndibwino kuti tisaike pachiwopsezo?
Kusunga kumayambira posankha polojekiti. Momwe amapangira zovuta zamapangidwe, kumakhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri kumanga. Palibe nzeru kuyesa kuchepetsa ndalama chifukwa cha antchito, kuyang'anira ukadaulo kapena mtundu wa zida, poyambira kusankha polojekiti yodula.
Ndikwabwino kudziwa bwino nyumba yoyenera, osalepheretsa banja, komanso osadzilola nokha masentimita angapo, sankhani mawonekedwe osavuta. Izi zipanga nyumba yabwino yomwe imakwaniritsa zosowa za banja, koma popanda zomangamanga "zopitilira muyeso" - denga lozungika, mawindo a bay, zipilala, zipilala.
Ndizomveka kuganizira zosankha pomanga nyumba imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha ndi chipinda chokhala.
Malo okhala nyumba ndiopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa pansi. Pomanga pansi mufunika zinthu zambiri - makoma, kutchingira, kukongoletsa
Ngati mungasankhe zida zomangira zopepuka ndi matekinoloje oyenerera omanga makhoma, mutha kupulumutsa pamaziko. Ntchito yomanga yopanda mphamvu ndiyofunikira, kuphatikiza mawonekedwewo atha kupangidwa kuchokera kuma board a underboard, boardboard board.
Chokhacho chomwe sichabwino kudula mitengo ndi simenti. Muyenera kugula icho bwino, apo ayi mphamvu ya kapangidwe kadzakhala funso lalikulu. Kuzama kwa ngalande pansi pa maziko kuyeneranso kuyenderana ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyumbayo, kuti tipewe mpweya wamphamvu, womwe ungayambitse ming'alu m'makoma.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomanga:
- njerwa;
- matabwa;
- mpweya block.
Pomanga nyumba ndi nyumba zowonongeka, ukadaulo wazida ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yodalirika yomwe imakuthandizani kuti mumange mwachangu komanso ndi ndalama zochepa.
Kuti mudziwe zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito nyumbayo ndalama zochepa, muyenera kuwerengera mtengo uliwonse pazomwe mungasankhe, chifukwa mtengo wazinthu zomwezo umakhala kutali sikuti nthawi zonse umakhala chizindikiro cha mapindu. Mwachitsanzo, kusankha njira pazinthu zingapo kungathandize kuchepetsa ndalama. Mtengo wa hydro, vapers chotchinga "awiri m'modzi" pamapeto pake udzakhala wotsika mtengo kuposa kugula mitundu iwiri yosanja.
Mukawerengera, munthu ayenera kuchokera pamfundo yoti nyumbayo yomalizidwa ikhale yabwino kukhalamo, kutsatira miyezo yosamalira kutentha, chitetezo.
Ubwino womanga chimango - munthawi yochepa komanso ndalama zolipirira antchito pomanga nyumbayo. Kapangidwe kake ndi kopepuka, sikamayambitsa katundu zochulukirapo pamaziko ndipo sikutanthauza kulimbitsa kwake
Njira # 1 - nyumba yomangira
Nyumba zogwiritsira ntchito ukadauloyu zikumangidwa munthawi yochokera milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo, kutengera kuti mwiniwakeyo akudzimangirira kapena akulemba ganyu. Nyumba zomalizidwa ndizolimba, zosagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka. Moyo woyerekeza pafupifupi zaka 75.
Zomwe zimathandizira ndizothandiza kuzitsatira pambuyo pake ndi zida zomalizira, zinthu zonse ndizogwirizana. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri kusankha njira zopangira mawonekedwe amkati: zoyambira, mapanelo amakaseti, nyumba yotsekereza ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamakoma. Mukameta, kulimba kwapangidwe lonse kumawonjezeka popanda kuwonjezera kulemera kwake.
Pangani Kanema
Pali ma teknoloji awiri akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi machitidwe ake.
Chimango. Kodi kutsika mtengo bwanji kumanga nyumba? Kudzisonkhanitsa nokha. Zachidziwikire, izi zidzafunika maluso ndi zida. Chifukwa cha zomangamanga zamtunduwu, izi ndizotheka, ngakhale kuti zimatenga nthawi yambiri komanso ndalama zowonjezera kuti mugulire ntchito yogula ma hita ndi zinthu zina. Chimangochi chimapangidwa ndi matabwa ndikumata ndi mabatani amchenga. Gawo lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi ndi zovuta zomangamanga.
Chishango-chishango. Njirayi ndi yokwera mtengo, koma yodalirika komanso imafuna anthu ochepa ogwira ntchito. Chojambulachi chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pagulu lopangidwa, lomwe limapangidwa pafakitale mwapadera. Magawo ake amaperekedwa kale ndipo ali okonzekera kale msonkhano. Tikayerekezera mitengo yamitundu ndi nyumba zamagulu, zoyamba zimakhala zodula. Komabe, mtengo wotsiriza ukhoza kukhala womwewo ngati ogwira ntchito atapemphedwa kusonkhanitsa nyumba zopangira chimango, chifukwa muyenera kulipira ntchito zamtundu uliwonse padera - msonkhano, zingwe, kutchingira, kukongoletsa.
Kuti muwone mwachitsanzo pakumanga nyumba yamtundu, onani zinthuzi: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/dachnyj-domik-svoimi-rukami.html
Matanda osonkhana kale akuwoneka ngati nyumba yomalizidwa. Zimangofunika chepetsa ndi chepetsa basi. Zinthu zouma ndi zotchingira madzi zimayikidwa kukhoma la nyumbayo, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera moyo wa nyumbayo
Ubwino wa tekinoloje:
- Ubwino. Kulemera pang'ono ndi mwayi wodziwikiratu wopulumutsa pamaziko, ndipo masiku ofupikirako ndi a antchito olipira. Amakhulupirira kuti nyumba zomangidwa pogwiritsa ntchitoukadaulo wazotsika mtengo ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma m'mbali zambiri zachuma zimadalira dera la nyumbayo, zida zosankhidwa, zokongoletsera, ndi zina. Kuwerengera kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito kumawonetsa kuti ndizopindulitsa ngati kutalika kwa nyumbayo sikupita 20 m ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira kuli 3. Nthawi zambiri, polojekiti imasankha chilichonse.
- Kuyika kwamphamvu mphamvu. Zopangidwe zimayatsidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera. Makoma amapangidwa ndi zinthu zokhala ndi mafutitsidwe otsika, kotero kuti kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi kutentha bwino. Makulidwe a khoma amatha kukhala masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mwa zina zowonjezera - mtengo wowotchera wotsika poyerekeza ndi nyumba wamba wamba.
- Palibe shrinkage. Makoma a chipangizocho ndi olimba, osagwirizana ndi mapindikidwe, amakhala okhwima kwambiri, ndipo nyumba yakeyo siyinasinthe. Izi zimathandizanso panthawi yakumanga: kumaliza ntchito kumatha kuyamba mukangomaliza ntchito yayikulu. Kucheketsa sikutanthauza kukonzanso kowonjezera, komwe kumachepetsa mtengo wa kukongoletsa.
Zovuta kapena zinthu zofunika kuziganizira:
- Kuphatikiza kapangidwe kameneka, kudziwa kwapadera ndi zida zofunika. Ziyeneretso za omanga ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake, siwoti aliyense amene amangomanga kuti azidzisamalira, ndipo opangawo amayenera kusankhidwa mosamala.
- Mafelemu amitengo amafunika chithandizo chowonjezera ndi mankhwala othandizira kuti azitha kuteteza thupi komanso moto.
Mukamasankha polojekiti, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku mpweya wabwino. Zida zopanga zimangokhala zofunikira, koma kuchokera pakuwona chitetezo cha chilengedwe chimatsala kuti chikhale chofunikira. Ngati nyumbayo ndi yaying'ono, ndiye kuti ndiyotheka kudutsa ndi mpweya wabwino, koma, mwanjira imeneyi, njira yosinthira mpweya wabwino iyenera kuwerengedwa ndikuyika.
Pakukhazikitsa zida zamapangidwe "zonyowa" sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa limakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse pachaka
Kuthamanga ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino za chimango imagwira ntchito ngati chitsimikizo cha kutchingira bwino kwamafuta. Koma ilinso ndi mbali yolakwika - kuphwanya kosinthana ndi mpweya. Pazinthu zonyansa za anthu, fumbi ndi zinthu zina kuti zisayipitse kuchuluka kwa nyumbayo, osachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mlengalenga, ndikofunikira kupanga njira yoyatsira mpweya wabwino kwambiri
Zopanga:
- Mtengo. Ngakhale mitundu yonse ya kukonzanso, nkhuni imavumbuluka chinyezi, tizilombo. Pafupifupi, zotere zimakhala mpaka zaka 60 ndipo zimakhala zotsika kuposa zomangira zachitsulo mu mphamvu, kupepuka, komanso kukana zinthu zowononga chilengedwe.
- Chitsulo Kupanga, mawonekedwe opepuka a mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zabwino zake ndizabwino kukana moto, kutsika pang'ono, komanso kukana kwa kutu. Zigawo zachitsulo sizitha kugwidwa ndi nkhungu ndi fumbi. Zonsezi zitha kuwonjezera moyo wa nyumba mpaka zaka zana.
Kodi zotsika mtengo ndizomanga chiyani? Mukamapanga kuyerekezera, mwayi wowonekera udzakhala pamwamba pamatabwa. Komabe, ngati wina "ayang'ana m'tsogolo" ndikuganizira za momwe ntchito yayitali imagwirira ntchito, ndiye kuti moyo wautumiki wake umalipira zonse zofunikira.
Maziko amatha kusanjidwa, matailala kapena tepi, kutengera mtundu wa dothi. Mutha kusunga padenga losavuta kukhazikitsa - gable kapena chapamwamba. Kusankha kuli kwa wopanga mapulogalamu.
Komanso, pazomwe zimapangidwa pomanga kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba kanyengo kamakhala kothandiza: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/veranda-na-dache-svoimi-rukami.html
1 sq. mamilimita achitsulo chimalemera 30-50 kg, ndi zingwe - pafupifupi 200 kg. Gawo laling'ono la nyumba yomalizidwa limakupatsani mwayi kumanga panthaka yosasunthika. Mbiriyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanganso nyumba zokhala ndi zomangira zovala kwambiri.
Njira yachiwiri # - zomanga njerwa
Njerwa ndi imodzi mwodziwika kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuyimba nyumba kuchokera ku zotsika mtengo. Makoma amayenera kuti azikokedwa, kuphatikiza amafunikiranso zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo yazipangidwe ikhale yokwera kwambiri. Kulemera kwa mapangidwe ake kumakhala kwakukulu, kotero maziko ndi ofunika kwambiri. Amapangidwa mpaka pakuya konse kwa nthaka.
Ndi zovuta kupulumutsa. Zoyipa zake ndi monga ntchito yayitali, yovuta. Komabe, kulimba kwazida, chitetezo chawo chamoto komanso zothandiza m'njira zambiri zimalipira ndalama zake.
Ngati mungayang'ane mitengo yakumanga nyumba yolimba patsamba la makampani apadera, mumakhala ndi malingaliro kuti mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Komabe, ngakhale mtengo wa zomangira wa turnkey suyenera kukhala ndi kumaliza bwino: kukhazikitsa pansi, zitseko zamkati, kukonza malo, etc.
Ngati zonsezi zichitidwa palokha, ndiye kuti mtengo wogulira zinthu ndi womwe ungawonjezere mtengo wake. Ngati mukufuna ganyu, mulipire nawonso ntchito. Ntchito yomanga ndi yopindulitsa pokhapokha ngati woyeserayo asankha bwino ntchitoyi ndipo ntchito yambiri ingachitike palokha.
Kanema: Kumanga Njerwa
Njira # 3 - midadada yotsutsa konkire
Chipilala cha konkire chowongolera ndi mpikisano woyenera kumanga njerwa. Kupanga mabokosi kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kumangira. Makulidwe a khoma amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 1/3 popanda kutaya mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Zinthuzi ndizopepuka, zomwe zimalola ndalama chifukwa cha maziko. "Bonasi" yowonjezera kwa mwini nyumbayo ndiyabwino kutulutsa mawu.
Nyumba yotsekemera konkire “imapumira”, kusinthana kwa mpweya sikusokonezeka mmenemo, chifukwa pores atha. Komabe, pa chifukwa chomwechi, midadada sionedwa ngati njira yabwino kwambiri pankhani yoletsa madzi. Ngati ntchitoyo ikuchitika mosemphana ndi ukadaulo, maziko ake amathanso kutsukidwa. Ndikofunika kulabadira zokongoletsera.
Ponena za nthawi yomanga, konkriti yooloweka ikhoza kumangidwa mofulumira kwambiri kuposa njerwa, sikuti ikunenepa. Kuti mulumikizane ndi midadada, nyimbo zapadera za guluu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Potere, ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito matope a simenti wamba, chifukwa imakhala ndi ma seams oyenera omwe angapangitse kupanga "milatho yazizira".
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa za konkriti za aerated ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizira, kotero muyenera kusamalira kumaliza. Monga zida zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pulasitala, siding, miyala
Njira # 4 - mitengo yamatabwa achuma
Kwa omanga, matabwa amapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse. Tikayerekeza matabwa ndi njerwa zomangira nyumba zoteteza kutentha, zimapezeka kuti kapangidwe kake ka spruce 220 mm ndi mainchesi 600 mm nkotentheka chimodzimodzi. Nthawi zambiri, matabwa 200 mm amatengedwa kuti akamangidwe, chotenthetsera chokhala ndi makulidwe 100 mm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyika pulawo kuchokera 20mm ndikuyiyika.
Ubwino wamatabwa:
- phindu;
- zomanga mwachangu (zomangidwa m'masabata angapo);
- ukadaulo wosavuta;
- kuteteza zachilengedwe;
- zabwino kwambiri kutchingira mafuta;
- microclimate yabwino;
- zomangamanga.
Ngati mungasankhe kugula nyumba yotsika mtengo, ndiye kuti mtengo ndi wopambana. Ndizopindulitsa, ndipo umisiriwo ndi wophweka, ndipo ukhoza kusungidwa ndi aliyense wamalowo, ngati ali ndi luso lomanga.
Mukamamanga nyumba kuchokera ku matabwa, muyenera kulinganiza bwino magetsi othandizira ndi magetsi. Nyumba zimawonedwa ngati zowopsa pamoto. Komanso, mtengowo umawopa chinyezi, motero, umafunikira kutetezedwa ku chinyezi ndi bowa.
Ndipo komabe, mutha kumanga nyumba yam'dziko kuchokera pachiwiya, werengani za izo: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/achnyj-dom-iz-kontejnera.html
Fananizani mitengo pa lalikulu mita
Momwe ndikuchokera komwe ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri kumangidwira, titha kuwawona mu kuchuluka kwa kuyerekezera. Ngati tingapitirire poyerekezera ndi ziwonetsero zingapo (kuya kwakuya kwa nthaka - 1.5 m, nthaka yapansi - 2,5 m, dothi lamchenga), ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa mtengo wa ntchito yomanga 1 lalikulu. Kutengera ndi zigawo zake, manambala azikhala motere:
- kapangidwe ka chimango - ma ruble 875;
- njerwa - ma ruble 2330;
- konkriti ya aerated - ma ruble 2000;
- matabwa - ma ruble 1900.
Kuwunika kwa zida zodziwika bwino - kanema
Mwachiwonekere, nyumba yotsika mtengo idzatengera wopanga mtengo wotsika mtengo. Pomaliza, posankha chisankho, muyenera kuganizira zonse za polojekiti, dothi, tsambalo palokha. Kuwerengera sikuphatikiza malipiro a ntchito zam'magulu omanga. Ntchito yolipira ndi yowonjezerapo (ndipo ndi yofunika!) Katundu wake.
