Kudzala tsabola wowawa kwambiri kupangidwa kudzera mu mbande yokonzeka. Ngakhale kulimbana konse kwa alimi a ndiwo zamasamba, kulima masamba owawa sikovuta konse.
Ngakhalenso wolima bwino yemwe amayamba kuchita masewera amatha kupeza zipatso zabwino kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Chikhalidwe mwachidule
Masiku ano, pafupifupi 2000 mitundu ya tsabola imadulidwa. Tsabola wowawa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi zokometsera zokometsera. Mbeu ndi laminae zamkati zomwe zili ndi alkaloid capsaicin zimatentha kwambiri masamba.. 
Mitundu ina ya tsabola yotentha imakhala yotentha kwambiri moti munthu amawakhudza mokwanira kuti akwiyitse khungu.
Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi nthawi yaitali zomera gawo: 90-180 masiku. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthambi, masamba ovunda, maluwa akuluakulu kapena amaluwa oyera.
Zipatsozo ndizochepetsedwa: mtundu wawo umasiyanasiyana ndi wofiira ndi wachikasu mpaka wakuda-azitona, mawonekedwe - kuchokera kumphepete mpaka ku mawonekedwe a thunthu. Zipatso zamtengo wapatali zimatengedwa kuti ziume, kenako patukani njere ndikupera thupi. Pakayanika, nyemba zimakhala ndi mthunzi wofiira kapena wofiira.
Mukudziwa? Chiwombankhanga chowawa chinamangidwa zaka zoposa 6,000 zapitazo ku Bolivia yamakono. Chomera ichi chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya ndi Christopher Columbus.
Tsabola yotentha imatengedwa ngati chomera chaka chilichonse. Ndipotu izi ndizolakwika.. Ngati mukumba shrub kugwa, imbanizitseni mu chidebe chachikulu - chomera chidzapitiriza kubereka chipatso mpaka masika kapena nthawi yayitali.
Malamulo obwera
Tsabola yowawa imakula kwambiri ponseponse pansi. Kawirikawiri shrub yokhala ndi zipatso zokongola kwambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati chokongoletsera cha munda kapena chokongoletsera chipinda.
Pepper ingabzalidwe pafupi ndi mapiritsi, kaloti, kabichi, tomato, thyme ndi basil. Anansi ake oyipa ndi beets, nyemba zirizonse, fennel.
Nthawi
Nthanga za tsabola wowawa, yomwe ikukonzekera kuti ikhale wamkulu pamtunda, iyenera kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa January. Mbewu za zamasamba za m'nyumbamo zimatha kufesedwa nthawi iliyonse, koma muyenera kuzipereka ndi chitsimikizo china cha kuwala. Kuunikira kumafunikila mpaka mapeto a kutuluka kwake. Malinga ndi dera ndi nyengo, kulima tsabola wofiira kumaperekedwa kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June.
Zofunikira
Ganizirani zinthu zofunika zomwe zimayenera kuperekedwa kuti kulima tsabola. Chomerachi chimafuna kusamalidwa bwino ndi nthawi zonse. Sungani kutentha, kuyatsa, ndi mpweya ndi chinyezi cha nthaka pa njira yoyenera. Mbewu imadalira kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kupangira maola 12 pa tsiku. Dothi la nthaka ndi humus zimatenthedwa pamoto musanagwiritse ntchito. Kufesa kwachindunji kuyenera kuchitidwa pa nthaka gawo lapansi lotenthedwa mpaka 40 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wambiri wa tsabola wotentha - Mitundu ya Cayenne, yotchedwa mzinda wa Cayenne (South America).
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola pa mbande
Kuti kulima mbande pamalo oyamba kudzafunika mbeu za zomera. Konzani miphika ya peat ndi mbeu ndi phulusa.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Kukonzekera kwadongosolo kwa mbewu kumaphatikizapo kupatukana kwawo mu tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ndi kumiza mu njira yapadera (30 g mchere pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Sungani mbeu mu madziwa kwa mphindi khumi: Mbeu zopanda pake zidzayandama pamwamba, ndipo ubwino udzamira pansi. Dya nyemba zowonekera, yambani ndi kuuma mbewu zabwino.
Kenaka njerezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsalu yonyowa, yomwe imaphimbidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi kutentha. Pofuna kuteteza mbande zazing'ono ku matenda, njere imatetezedwa.
Komanso, pofuna kukonza chitetezo cha mthupi, mbewu zingakhale zovuta mu njira yozolowereka kwa masiku 3-5. Komabe, kokha kouma, kamera kamene kamakula kamachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Okonzanso amaluwa amasankhidwa kugula mbewu (zomwe zasinthidwa kale ndikukonzekera kufesa) m'masitolo apadera.
Momwe mungasankhire nthaka ndi mphamvu
Pamene mbewu zimera, sankhani chidebe cha mbeu ndi gawo lapansi. Ndi mbeu 5x4 kapena 6x3 kufesa, mbande 500 zimapezeka kuchokera pamtunda umodzi wa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mukufuna masamba ochepa, mukhoza kumera mbande kunyumba - mu makapu ang'onoang'ono.
Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi zosakanizazi zikuphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi:
- tsamba kapena zitsamba (magawo awiri);
- high-moor peat (magawo awiri) kapena humus (gawo limodzi);
- mchenga (gawo limodzi).
Zosonkhanitsazo zimagwedezeka ndi kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndondomeko yofesa
Timakonzeratu kusakaniza kwa nthaka m'dothi la mbeu, kuika gridi ndi chokonzekera chodzala pamwamba. Ngati mulibe latiti, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi timitengo tomwe timamasula nthaka pa malo (malinga ndi dongosolo). Ikani mbeu 1-2 mkatikati mwa khonde lililonse.
Phimbani ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikupita kumalo otentha. Mbande zimakula mu zitsamba 30-32 masiku. Pakubwera kwa masamba 1-2 a mbande kuikidwa mu chidebe chatsopano. Imani mbeu mu nthaka yonyowa. Kenaka, tumizani chidebe pang'onopang'ono penumbra. Mbande muzitsulo zokha sizikuphulika.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupeze mmera wathanzi ndi wabwino, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi kutentha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka mbeu. - 22-27 ° C.
Malamulo oyang'anira mmera
Kusamalira mbande za tsabola wowawa ndikusunga chinyezi, kutentha ndi kupereka zinthu zothandiza. Kuthira kwa mbande kumachitika patatha masiku 2-3. Nthaka nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba 3-4, timasintha mowa wothirira - tsopano ndi nthawi imodzi patsiku. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuthiridwa mpaka 20-25 ° C.
Timadyetsa mbande ndi nayitrogeni, phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza, komanso phulusa la nkhuni.
Kutatsala masiku awiri kuti mutenge, mbande ziyenera kuumitsidwa:
- kuthirira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono;
- kutentha kumachepetsa;
- kumawonjezeka kukhalabe m'chilengedwe.
Tsabola amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zitosi za mbalame, chifukwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe ndi fetereza.
Kubzala tsabola wotentha pamtunda
Patatha miyezi iwiri mutakula mbande, tsabola ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Pankhani yobzala mbande ya tsabola yotentha, dothi lidzatenthedwa kufika 16 ° C: kutentha kotere kumathandiza kupeĊµa kuopseza kotheka kasupe chisanu. Nthawiyi imakhala zaka khumi zapakati pa May - theka la mwezi wa June. Musanadzalemo, mbande zimamwetsedwa mochuluka.
Mbali za kukula zomera
Kuwonjezera pa pamwambapa, zigawo za kukula bwino kwa zomera zimamasulidwa pang'onopang'ono pa nthaka pafupi ndi rhizome ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Komanso kumbukirani kuti pafupi ndi tsabola wowawasa ndi zosayenera kukula lokoma tsabola. Mbali iyi nthawi zambiri imatsogolera ku pollination komanso kusinthidwa kwa zokonda zonsezi.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera ndizo mitundu yotsatira ya masamba okometsera:
- kukhwima msinkhu: "Chaka Chabile", "Gorgon", "Adjika", "Fiery Maiden", "Kuchuluka Kwambiri", "Spark";
- pakati pa nyengo: "Bully", "Red Fat Man", "Elephant Trunk";
- Kukula mochedwa: "Hercules", "Little Prince", "Habanero", "Vizier".
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yokolola tsabola?
Maluwa pa tchire adzawoneka mofulumira, ndipo zipatso zomwe zikuwoneka zidzakondwera nanu mpaka m'dzinja. Kukolola kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo ena. Chipatso chiyenera kukhala ndi kayendedwe kameneka. Ngati chipatsocho ndi chofewa, sichinafike. Masamba ambiri osapsa amatengedwa kuti apange mbande chaka chotsatira. Pamene zipatso zonsezo zimawumitsa, kukolola.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku Asia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tsabola wotentha pokonzekera chakudya. - Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa antibacterial za masamba. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha poizoni ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana, tsabola wotentha amadyedwanso ndi amayi apakati.
Kukula tsabola wofiira kwambiri sikuli kovuta monga kungawonekere. Ndipo m'kugwa mudzagwiritsa ntchito masamba otentha pophika mbale zanu.
