Mitundu ya mbatata Chimwemwe chaka chilichonse chikuwoneka kugulitsidwa chimodzi mwa zoyamba. Ma tubers amaoneka okongola, ndipo khungu lofewa limakuthandizani kukonzekera mbale, kupeza phindu lochepa.
Zomerazi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ndi a Russian oweta chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zoyesayesa ndipo chifukwa chabwino chagonjetsa ndipo amadziwika ndi alimi ndi ogula.
Nkhumba ndi mbatata yotetezedwa ku matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Ndi bwino kusungidwa, imakhala yotentha. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ndi chimodzi mwa zokoma kwambiri za mbatata. M'nkhaniyi mudzapeza ndondomeko ya zosiyana, kudziƔa bwino zomwe zili ndi zizindikiro zake.
Zamkatimu:
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Maina a mayina | Bwino |
Zomwe zimachitika | tebulo yoyambirira yokolola, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Russia yokolola, yosinthidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka |
Nthawi yogonana | Masiku 65-80 |
Zosakaniza zowonjezera | 11-15% |
Misa yambiri yamalonda | 100-150 gr |
Chiwerengero cha tubers kuthengo | 10-15 |
Pereka | mpaka 430 c / ha |
Mtundu wa ogulitsa | kukoma kokoma |
Chikumbumtima | 88-97% |
Mtundu wa khungu | chikasu |
Mtundu wambiri | zoyera |
Malo okonda kukula | Central, North-West, Middle Volga, Volga-Vyatka, Far East, Central Black Earth |
Matenda oteteza matenda | amayamba kutengeka kwambiri, golide mbatata nematode, Alternaria |
Zizindikiro za kukula | osagonjetsedwa ndi madzilogging ndi chilala |
Woyambitsa | GNU Institute of Potato iwo. A.G. Lorkha (Russia) |
Khungu lochepa ndi khungu lofewa, beige kapena chikasu. Tubers yosalala mpaka kukhudza. Maso ali ochepa, owoneka bwino pa khungu lowala. Zitha kukhala zakuda, zofiirira kapena zobiriwira.
Mtundu - mtundu wa beige wa tubers ukhoza kukhala wolimba kwambiri, kuwunikira bulauni. Mitundu ya tubers imakhala yozungulira kapena yozungulira, makamaka osati yambiri. Kusakhala kosaoneka kosaoneka kumakuthandizani kuti muzitha kutsitsa mbatata zotere mwamsanga komanso mosasamala.
Zakudya zokhala ndi zowonjezera zimakhala zowonjezera zowonjezera kuyambira 12% kufika 14 peresenti ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa tuber. Mnofu wa mbatata yaiwisi ndi yodula ndi yoyera. Mukatentha mbatata Bakha limakhala lachikasu.
Mtedza wokhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata umaperekedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu:
Maina a mayina | Zosakaniza zowonjezera |
Latona | 16-20% |
Kamensky | 16-18% |
Zorachka | 12-14% |
Impala | 10-14% |
Spring | 11-15% |
Arosa | 12-14% |
Timo | 13-14% |
Mlimi | 9-12% |
Meteor | 10-16% |
Juvel | 10-15% |
Unyinji kapena kukula kwa tubers ndizofunika kwambiri mbatata tubers. Komabe, luck ndi kawirikawiri yaikulu. Kawirikawiri tuber imakhala yolemera pakati pa 120 ndi 250 g, koma zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Chitsamba chimakula chokhalira kutalika, koma chowoneka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimaphimbidwa ndi masamba. Maluwa amawala oyera. Mphepete mwawo amaoneka atawongolera. Lekani kwambiri wakuda wobiriwira, wosasangalatsa.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Ntchentche ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imasinthidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka komanso nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Ku Russia, zokolola zabwino zimakololedwa ku Middle Volga, Central Black Earth ndi madera akutali Kum'mawa. Komabe, zokolola zotsala siziri zoipitsitsa. Mbatata imapezeka m'madera onse ku Russia komanso m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR: Ukraine, Moldova, ndi mayiko ena.
Zokolola zimadalira kwambiri nyengo ndi nyengo yabwino, mochepa - panthaka. Zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi chisamaliro choyenera chitsamba chilichonse cha mbatata Luck amapereka kilogalamu imodzi ya tubers. Mbatata Luck nthawi zonse amapereka zokolola zambiri.
Yerekezerani zokolola Zabwino Mafuta ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata angakhale mu tebulo ili m'munsimu:
Maina a mayina | Kupereka (kg / ha) |
Minerva | mpaka 430 |
Kiranda | 110-320 |
Dolphin | 160-470 |
Rogneda | 190-350 |
Granada | mpaka 600 |
Wamatsenga | mpaka 400 |
Lasock | mpaka 620 |
Zhuravinka | mpaka 640 |
Makhalidwe abwino | mpaka 500 |
Ryabinushka | mpaka 400 |
Kukoma kwa mitunduyi kunayesedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi akatswiri pamagulu osiyanasiyana.
Kawirikawiri mbatata yobzalidwa mu May, zokolola kumapeto kwa June. Zimakhulupirira kuti nthawi ya mbatata yakucha Bwinja - masiku 60 kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mbande. Nkhumba zatsopano zimayesedwa kuyambira tsiku la 45. Lili ndi thupi lachikondi kwambiri.
Mnofu wambiri wa mbatata Ufulu umakulolani kupanga mbatata yabwino kwambiri kunja kwake. Mbatata yokazinga imasunga mawonekedwe ake bwino, nthawi zonse okongola komanso okoma kwambiri.
Mbali yofunika ya izi zosiyanasiyana: ngati makina akuwonongeka, thupi la tuber silikusintha mtundu wake. Pakatikati pa kugonjetsedwa kwa mtsogolo sikupangidwe. Amalekerera chilala. Mbatata Mawulu ndi bwino ndipo amamva zokolola zabwino pazitsamba ndi mchenga.
Mukamabzala muyenera kumvetsera zomwe zomera zimakula kuno nyengo yatha. Zitsimikizo zabwino za mbatata za dothi wandiweyani: udzu wosatha, masamba, nyengo yozizira. Ngati lupine inakula pa nthaka ya mchenga, izi zikanakhala njira yabwino.
Matenda otere monga viral kapena rhizoctoniosis, mbatata zosiyanasiyana Madzi ndi otetezeka mosavuta. Kukana kwa vuto lochedwa kumatengedwa kuti ndi lofanana.
Zimasonyeza kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa matenda otsatira:
- zojambulajambula;
- mwendo wakuda;
- kuvunda konyowa;
- wamba scab.
Werengani zowonjezera zowonjezereka za njira zamakono ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zomera.
Mbatata yamatabwa imakhala yosungidwa bwino m'nyengo yozizira, yosagwira chisanu ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yokondedwa kwambiri.
Tikukufotokozerani kuti mudziwe mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kucha:
Superstore | Kukula msinkhu | Kuyambira m'mawa oyambirira |
Mlimi | Bellarosa | Innovator |
Minerva | Timo | Zabwino |
Kiranda | Spring | Mkazi wachimerika |
Karatop | Arosa | Krone |
Juvel | Impala | Onetsetsani |
Meteor | Zorachka | Elizabeth |
Zhukovsky oyambirira | Colette | Vega | Mtsinje | Kamensky | Tiras |