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Bowa

Kodi bowa amakula m'dera la Leningrad?

Nyengo ya bowa m'dera la Leningrad imayamba mvula yoyamba yam'mbuyomo, ndipo chigawo cha msonkhanowu chiri mu October. Mukhoza kuwasonkhanitsa m'malo osadziwika kwambiri. Ngati ndiwe wokonzeka kukolola bowa, ndiye kuti padzakhala malo okwanira komwe mungapeze ndalama zomwe simungathe kuzidya panthawiyi, komanso muzikonzekeretsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo. Taganizirani za bowa zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri zomwe zingapezeke popita ku nkhalango.

Bowa wonyezimira

Ndilo la mtundu wa Borovik ndipo amadya. Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Mbalame imakhala yofiira ndipo imatha kufika masentimita 25. Mmene kapu imapangidwira imasonyeza kuti mbewuyo ndi yachinyontho komanso yowonongeka, kuti bowa imakhala yochuluka komanso yakalamba. Firimuyi ndi yowonongeka, ndi zamkati zomangidwa mwamphamvu.
  2. Mwendo. Mofananamo ndi mbiya, ikulumikizana pakati ndi yandiweyani m'munsi ndi kumtunda. Amakula mpaka masentimita 12, masentimita 7 masentimita. Pa mphambano ndi kapu galasi lamasewu ofunika amapangidwa.
  3. Thupi. Mdima wonyezimira, wowala. Pamene bowa likalamba, limakhala lofiira komanso limakhala lokasu.
Dzidziwitse ndi mitundu ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa mapepala.

Zomera zimakula m'nkhalango zonse. Mitengo iyi imayamba kumera kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zimadalira nyengo yozizira. Amaphika mbale zosiyanasiyana, komanso zouma komanso zimathamanga m'nyengo yozizira.

Mukudziwa? Kawirikawiri moyo wa bowa zoyera sizoposa masiku khumi. Ndikofunika kuti muthane mwamsanga mutatha kudula, chifukwa patatha maola owerengeka, theka la zinthu zopindulitsa zatsalabe.

Oyster

Bowa la Oyster ndilo la mtundu wa bowa wodyetsedwa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake kwa kalori komanso zakudya zamtundu, zimayamikiridwa ndi anthu omwe amatsatira zakudya.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a bowa:

  1. Chipewa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, ofanana ndi chipolopolo, ndi m'mphepete mwake, mpaka 2 cm mu msinkhu ndi mamita 25 masentimita. Khungu ndi lofiira. Pakapita nthawi, m'mphepete mwake pamatambasula, ndipo kapu imakhala yosalala. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi woyera mpaka wofiira.
  2. Mwendo. Smooth to the touch of white or grayish, imakula mpaka masentimita atatu. Chimawonekedwe chake ndi cylindrical, chophimba pang'ono kumbali, pamene chikulumikizidwa kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba ngati chingwe.
  3. Thupi. Wandiweyani komanso wambiri.
Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe njira zowonjezera bowa wa oyster kunyumba mumatumba, komanso njira zozizira ndi kuyanika bowa wa oyster.

Bowa amakula pa mitengo yakufa kapena stumps. Zimayambira pansi kumayambiriro kwa autumn ndikukula mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, zimakonda kuzizira. Zakudya zosakaniza zakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo, supu zimaphikidwa pa maziko awo ndi zokongoletsera zakonzedwa.

Wolf

Mitundu ya mtundu umenewu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: pinki, yoyera, ndi nsomba za mtunduwu. Bowa onsewa ndi odyetsedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunikira chithandizo chapadera asanadye.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Malingana ndi zamoyo, zimakhala zowirira, zoyera kapena mtundu wina, zimakula mpaka masentimita 12. Pamene bowa n'chaching'ono, zimakhala zovuta, koma pakapita nthawi zimakhala zosalala, ndipo zimakhala zofiira pakati. Peel ili ndi phokoso laling'ono.
  2. Mwendo. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zonse, ndi akuluakulu - dzenje. Amamera mpaka masentimita 2.5 masentimita ndi mamita 7 cm kutalika. Msola ndiwunikira umodzi umodzi kuposa kapu.
  3. Thupi. Chifukwa chakuti ndi wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu, bowa amanyamula bwino. Atatha kudula, amaoneka ngati madzi otentha, omwe samasintha chifukwa cha mpweya.

Mungathe kukumana ndi volushki m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndi mitengo yambiri ya birch. Nyengo yokula ikukhala mu July ndipo imatha mpaka October. Musanayambe kukonzekera, chophimbacho chiyenera kuikidwa mu madzi amchere. Kaŵirikaŵiri amawamweta, amchere kapena amawazira.

Ndikofunikira! Zinthu zothandiza pa bowa zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya ubongo, kuchotsa kutopa, kuchepetsa nkhawa, komanso kutulutsa thupi.

Zowawa

Bowa amafanana ndi toadstool, russula ndi volushki. Ku Ulaya, bowa uwu sungaganizidwe, ndipo m'dziko lathu akadali kudyetsedwa. Zili m'gulu la zakudya zomwe zimadya.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Mbewu zazing'ono, zimakhala ndi chiguduli chamkati pakati, ndi nthawi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi ngakhale kuponderezedwa pakati. Pamwamba pangakhale youma ndi yosalala kapena yosakaniza ndi yofiira, malingana ndi nyengo. Miyeso yake ndi yaying'ono - mpaka masentimita 10. Pali mbale pansi.
  2. Mwendo. Mu mawonekedwe a silinda, osapitirira 9 masentimita pamwamba, osasinthasintha mpaka 1.5 masentimita wandiweyani. Mtundu wa mwendo uli wopepuka kusiyana ndi wa kapu.
  3. Thupi. Achinyamata amakhala oyera, ndipo nthawi imakhala yakuda. Thupi la bowa ndi lofiira ndipo limakhala ndi fungo lamtengo wapatali. Madzi a mandimu amaonekera pamtengo wodula.

Zowawa zimakula m'nkhalango zirizonse. Malo okongola ndi nkhalango yamapine, komanso malo okhala ndi maluwa. Bowa woyamba amakula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kutha kwa nyengo kumakhala pakatikati pa autumn. Mchere wowawa, wokazinga kapena wamafuta. Zisanachitike izi, chisanadze kuti muchotse mkwiyo.

Mlomo wakuda

Amagwiritsa ntchito bowa wokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira cha banja la Russula. Mofanana ndi bowa wina wa mtundu uwu, umayenera kuthiridwa musanaphike. Mu anthu amatchedwa chernushka.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Fomuyi imakhala yooneka ngati korona, yopindikizidwa pakati, ndi m'mphepete mkati mwake. Amakula mpaka masentimita 20. Mtundu wa azitona, koma umasiyana. Khungu lili pakati ndi louma ndi losalala, ndipo pamphepete - fibrous-scaly. M'kati mwake muli mbale.
  2. Mwendo. Kukhudza kwake kumathamanga, kumakula kufika masentimita 8, ndi mamita atatu masentimita. Pamwamba, phazi limapitirira.
  3. Thupi. Maonekedwewo ndi ofooka komanso ofooka, oyera, pang'onopang'ono amakhala oviira. Madzi ake ndi owawa.
Pezani mtundu wa bowa wamtundu womwe ulipo ndi momwe mungasiyanitse bowa weniweni kuchokera ku bodza.

Nkhumba zamkaka zamkaka zimakula m'mitengo yambiri yamtundu, komwe kuli masamba ambiri ogwa. Zimakula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka nyengo yoyamba yozizira. Amakonza mbale zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa iwo, koma asanayambe kulowera kapena kuchitidwa m'njira ina.

Mvula yamvula

Dzina lina - golovach, limatanthauza mtundu wa bowa wodyedwa. Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Ndilo thupi lozungulira, lokhala ndi mapulaneti a spinous, omwe amatha.
  2. Mwendo. Zolakwika, zazing'ono, zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi gawo lapamwamba.
  3. Thupi. Chovala cha mvula chimakhala cholimba ndi choyera.

Bowa wamtundu uwu umakula m'nkhalango zakuda. Mukhoza kupeza kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Mvula imawoneka ndi yokazinga, youma kapena yosungidwa pamalo ozizira.

Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za bowa omwe amadya ndi owopsa, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti mukhale osangalatsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika.

Mbuzi

Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa lath, asanakhale nyama zodyetsedwa. Komabe, limatanthawuza bowa wodyetsedwa.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Zitha kukhala zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, m'munsi mwake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zimakula mpaka masentimita 8. M'nyengo yozizira, khungu limakhala losalala komanso mvula limakhala mafuta. M'munsi ili ndi wosanjikiza.
  2. Mwendo. Mfupi, osapitirira 6 masentimita. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi wa kapu.
  3. Thupi. Kusinthasintha kwabwino ndi kofewa, kosasunthika, pamtengo wosadulidwa mtunduwo sukusintha. Pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mtundu umakhala wofiira.
Nkhumba zimakhala zachilendo ku pine kapena nkhalango zakuda pa dothi la mchenga. Nkhumba zimalimbikitsa kuyambira kuyambira pakati pa mwezi mpaka October. Asanaphike, amathiridwa, kuchotsa zowonongeka. Kenaka kuphika, ndiyeno konzani mbale zosiyanasiyana.

Sakani kapu

Gulu la chakudya cha bowa ndilo gulu 4 chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi fungo.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Chimake, kukula kwa masentimita 14, chimakhala ngati kapu. Mtundu umakhala wofiira mpaka wofiira. Mthunzi wakuda.
  2. Mwendo. Amakula mpaka masentimita 12. Pali mphete ya mtundu umodzi ndi bowa. Pamwamba pake - mamba a chikasu. Pansi pa mphete, mwendo ndi wochepa kwambiri.
  3. Thupi. White, pamene akudulira chikasu.
Amakonda kukhala pamphepete mwa mathithi a nkhalango zakuda komanso zosakanikirana. Kuyang'ana chipewa cha belu kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa August kufikira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Bowa amawiritsa ndi mchere.

Chanterelles

Bowa wokhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje, ndi makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za chanterelles komanso momwe mungapezere bowa wonyenga, ndiwothandiza bwanji, komanso momwe mungasamalire ndi kumanga chanterelles kunyumba.
Makhalidwe ofunika:
  1. Chipewa. Poyamba, zimakhala zogwedezeka, ndipo zimakula mpaka masentimita 10. Ndili ndi zaka, zimakhala zofanana. Ma mbale amapita ku mwendo.
  2. Mwendo. Mkati mwake mpaka 2 masentimita, olimba, opitirira ndi kutembenukira mu kapu, yosalala mpaka kukhudza.
  3. Thupi. Zowirira, zosalimba, ndi zonunkhira zokoma ndi zokometsera zokometsera.
Chanterelles amakula m'nkhalango za pine. Kuwonekera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi kukula kufikira theka lakumapeto kwa autumn. Zikhoza kuphikidwa, zouma, yokazinga ndi kuzifota.

Ndikofunikira! Chofunika kwambiri cha chanterelles - siziri zovuta.

Oiler

Bowa awa amachokera ku khungu lolimba. Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi kapena mawonekedwe. Ikhoza kufika masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake. Pamene ikukula, imamveka bwino ndipo imakhala ngati khola. Peel ili ngati mafilimu obiriwira, mosavuta kusiyana ndi zamkati.
  2. Mwendo. Mpangidwe wamakono, mpaka masentimita 10 mu msinkhu. Kuyera koyera ndi pansi pamdima.
  3. Thupi. Zowopsya, koma panthawi yomweyi yofewa, yofiira ndi yofiira, pamtengo wodula amakhala wofiira kapena wofiira. Bowa ndi fungo losangalatsa la singano zapaini.

Nkhumba zimakula pansi pa mitengo ya coniferous, komanso pansi pa maoliki ndi birch. Samasangalala nkhalango zakuda, choncho zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Amatha kukula m'magulu ndipo amatha kuimba pakati pa chilimwe mpaka theka lachiwiri la autumn. Bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi pickling, ndipo ndi okazinga ndi owiritsa.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kukula, mimba imasowa mvula, koma imatuluka msinkhu - pambuyo pa sabata thupi limakhala lopanda kanthu. Komanso, bowa uwu umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphutsi.

Mokhovik wobiriwira

Bowa wa parasitic, womwe ndi symbiosis wa mycelium ndi moss. Ndilo gulu la anthu omwe amadya zakudyazi.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Kuthandizana ndi oimira achinyamata, pakapita nthawi kamakhala kofiira, kumakhala masentimita 10. Khungu limakhala loyera kuchokera kubiriwira kupita ku bulauni. Kutayira pansi kwapansi.
  2. Mwendo. Wosakaniza, ofewa mpaka kukhudza, popanda mamba. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 10.
  3. Thupi. Mthunzi wonyezimira, umapeza ubweya wa buluu pamalo a incision.

Kukula m'nkhalango zowonongeka. Sungani mokhoviki kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka mpaka theka lachiwiri la autumn. Bowawa nthawi zambiri amauma kapena amawaza.

Chisa cha m'dzinja

Dzina lina - hemp, ndi bowa wodyera, ndi kukoma kokoma.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Poyamba mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala otsika kwambiri, ndipo amakhala ndi masentimita 12. Pakati pa kapu pangakhale phokoso laling'ono kapena lofiira lofiira pamtundu waukulu wa beige kapena mtundu wa bulauni.
  2. Mwendo. Wokongola, mpaka 10 cm kutalika, woonda (osaposa 2 cm), akukula pansi. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wowala kapena wachikasu, nkhope yonse ili ndi mamba ochepa a mthunzi wowala.
  3. Thupi. Wonyezimira ndi wandiweyani ndi fungo losangalatsa ndi kulawa muzitsanzo zazing'ono ndi zoonda, ndi zomangira zolimba - mu bowa wakale.

Amamera m'nkhalango zakuda, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamene imayambira pamitengo, mitengo yagwa. Zambirimbiri fruiting mu September. Nkhumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana: kuphika, kutentha, pickling, salting ndi kuyanika.

Ndikofunikira! Malinga ndi zomwe zakusungira uchi, zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bowa. Ngati ndi mthethe kapena poplar, ndiye bowa adzakhala mthunzi wa uchi ndi wachikasu. Pa thundu, mthunzi umakula ndi chofiira chofiira, ndipo ephedra adzaupereka ndi mtundu wofiira.

Boletus

Boletus - bowa wodyetsedwa wa mtundu wa Leccinum, dzina limachokera ku malo okula.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Mitengo yaing'ono imakhala yoyera, nthawi ikakhala bulauni. Zikuwoneka ngati chilengedwe, ndipo pamene chikukula, zimakhala ngati miyendo. Amakula mpaka mamita 18 masentimita.
  2. Mwendo. Puloteni mu mawonekedwe mu kutalika mpaka masentimita 15. Pamwamba imaphimbidwa ndi kotenga nthawi mamba.
  3. Thupi. Mtundu woyera, wandiweyani zogwirizana, wakuda mdulidwe. Mu bowa wakale, ndi lotayirira komanso madzi.

Nkhumba imakula mumtambo wovuta komanso wosakanikirana, kumene kuli birch. Mungathe kukumana nawo pa maluwa a mbalame chitumbuwa ndi kukolola mpaka m'mawa. Amaphika mbale zosiyanasiyana, komanso amauma komanso amawotcha m'nyengo yozizira.

Boletus

Obabok, iye ndi wofiira-bowa wodyetsedwa, womwe unachokera ku mitengo yomwe nthawi zambiri bowa umakula.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Bowa lachinyama lili ndi mawonekedwe ake, mwamphamvu kukulunga mwendo. Pakapita nthawi, imakhala yozungulira ndipo imafika masentimita 30. Tsamba la kapu imakhala lowala kwambiri, lofanana ndi masamba a aspen masamba. Ndi youma komanso yowonongeka.
  2. Mwendo. Stocky, chiboliboli, chokhala ndi mamita 25 masentimita pamwamba pake.
  3. Thupi. Kutsekeka ndi minofu, kapangidwe kawo ndi koyera kwambiri. Mdulidwe umatembenuza buluu, kenako umatembenuka wakuda.

Malo okula - mitengo yosasunthika komanso yosakanikirana. Kukula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zina pamodzi pa malo ozizira m'matanthwe a udzu, blueberries ndi nkhalango za nkhalango. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa ma pubs kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June kufikira mwezi wa October. Tsamba lofiira ndi yophika, yophika, yophika, yokazinga, youma ndi yozizira.

Ndikofunikira! Choncho kuti chipewa cha malalanje sichili chakuda, musanaphike, chimaikidwa mu 0,5% citric acid yankho.

Kufiira

Ryzhiki - bowa wodyedwa, omwe ali atsogoleri mu kukoma.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Nyama, mpaka masentimita 10 m'kati mwake. Khungu ndi lonyowa, losalala, lalanje ndi malo amdima padziko lonse lapansi.
  2. Mwendo. Maonekedwe ozungulira, mpaka mamita 7 masentimita. M'kati mwake mulibe kanthu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, timene timakhala ndi timapepala tating'ono.
  3. Thupi. Zosakhwima, zopanda pake, zonunkhira. Mukakomoka, madzi a lalanje amavomerezedwa.
Zomwe zimapezeka mumtundu umenewu zimapezeka m'minda komanso kudula mitengo. Ikani pakatikati pa chilimwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokazinga ndi mchere.

Russula

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Maonekedwe a hemisphere, omwe amayamba kukula, nthawi zina ndi m'mphepete mwake, amatha kufika masentimita 15. Mitundu ya zakudya zokhala ndi zobiriwira zimakhala zobiriwira. Malinga ndi nyengo, khungu likhoza kukhala louma kapena lokhazikika, matte kapena lowala, mosavuta kusiyana ndi zamkati. Mbali yamkati imadzaza ndi mbale zoyera kapena zachikasu.
  2. Mwendo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda mpaka masentimita 10 mmwamba, oyera kapena achikasu.
  3. Thupi. Ndi wandiweyani, wofiira, ndi ukalamba umakhala wofooka ndikuphwanya.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti mudziwe zambiri za bowa monga boletus, boletus boletus, boletus ryadovki, ryadovki, violin, sandpits, mokruhi, parsley, bowa, bowa, russula, ana, raincoats ndi morels.
Russulae amakula m'nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, mapaki, mitengo ya birch komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Bowa woyamba amawonekera kumapeto kwa kasupe, ndipo zimakhala zambiri kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo. Chakudyacho chimatengedwa yophika, yokazinga ndi yophika. Amatha kupitsidwanso mchere. Pakuti kuyanika sikuli koyenera.

Morel

Zapangidwe zam'madzi zimakhala zogulitsidwa, choncho musanayambe kudya muyenera kuchitiranso chithandizo cha kutentha.

Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mazira, ophimbidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa makwinya, ofanana ndi mtedza peel. Zonsezi ndi zokwera zili ndi nkhope yowala. Matira ali ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15 ndi m'lifupi - mpaka masentimita 10.
  2. Mwendo. M'kati mwa dzenje, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10, kufalikira kumtunda. Msola umalowa mkati mwa chikhomo cha hafu ndipo umakhala ndi makwinya, koma osati wozama.
  3. Thupi. Wopanda komanso wosalimba, mtundu woyera ndi fungo lokoma la bowa ndi kulawa.
Nkhumba imakula m'mitengo yovuta komanso yosakanikirana m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Gwiritsani ntchito chakudya mu kuyang'ana kophika kapena kouma.

Mukudziwa? Bowa amatha kutulutsa vitamini D ngati akukula m'malo amdima. Vitamini iyi imakhudzanso mtundu wa kapu.

Monkhead

Dzina lina ndiboti wakuda, mtundu wa bowa wodyera. Makhalidwe ofunika:

  1. Chipewa. Mdima wakudawu amakula mpaka masentimita 16. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono ali ndi maselo, kenaka amawongoka ndipo amakhala oboola. Pamwamba pamakhala youma, pambuyo pa mvula mucus ikuwonekera. M'munsi wosanjikiza pali miyala.
  2. Mwendo. Wotalika, mpaka usinkhu wa masentimita 12, nkhope yonse ili mu masiketi akuda.
  3. Thupi. Wolimba ndi wolimba, wokhala ndi fungo losangalatsa. Pa mfundo yochepetsedwa, mtundu umakhala wobiriwira.

Nkhono za mtundu wa Brown zimakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, komanso kunja kwa nyanja ndi mathithi. Mphukira zoyamba zimaoneka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kututa kotsiriza kungasonkhanitsidwe pakatikati pa autumn. Zakudya zambiri zakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndipo masamba amapangidwa m'nyengo yozizira monga mafotayi ndi mchere wamchere.

Pambuyo pofufuza mitundu yayikulu ya bowa yomwe ikukula m'dera la Leningrad, mungathe kupita kukafunafuna zomera zabwinozi ndikudzipangira nokha ndi okondedwa anu ndi zokoma kuchokera kwa iwo. Koma ngati mukukayikira kuoneka kwa bowa, ndi bwino kudutsa ndi kuyang'ana omwe mumadziwa.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa