Atadziwa zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo za anthu za Chigumula chimene chikubwera, chodabwitsa Nkhunda yoyera inadzakhala chizindikiro cha mtendere ndi chikondi. Banja lalikulu la nkhunda (mitundu yoposa 280) ndilosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu ya mbalamezi imasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe awo komanso malo omwe iwo amakhala nawo m'chilengedwe, komanso malinga ndi cholinga chomwe apatsidwa.
Mukudziwa? Asilamu amanena kuti nkhunda ndi mbalame zopatulika, chifukwa mneneri Muhammed adalandira madzi kuchokera kumtunda wa nkhunda.
Nyama zakutchire
Zimakhulupirira kuti nkhunda zimafalikira pa dziko lapansi panthawi imodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu. Mbalamezi mwamsanga zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu chifukwa cha zosoŵa zawo, zinasanduka ziweto ndipo zimakhalabe ndi gawo lalikulu m'bungwe la anthu. Koma amasungidwa mochulukira ndi mitundu ya nkhunda zakutchire, akudzimva okha popanda kuphunzitsidwa kwa anthu. Zisa zawo zili kumbali zambiri za anthu - m'matanthwe, pamphepete mwa nyanja, m'nkhalango komanso m'madera ena. Chisachi chimakonda kuimira mtundu wonse wa njiwa, iliyonse yomwe imamenya mazira 2-3.
Nkhunda kapena Sizar
Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi nkhumba zaku Russia zomwe zimatchedwa sizar (kapena kungoti imvi ya nkhunda), wotchulidwa chifukwa cha mtundu woyenera wa nthenga, kutsogolo komwe kumakhala mchira wakuda. Tiyenera kunena kuti bluish tinge ali ndi nthenga mu mitundu yonse ya nkhunda zakutchire.
Sizar amakonda mapiri ndi mapiri kuti apange zisa zawo. Nthawi zambiri m'mapiri. Kawirikawiri amatha kuwona m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Moyo wokhala pansi, koma wokhala ndi maulendo ataliatali. Amuna amakhala ndi mwayi wapang'ono kuposa akazi mmimba mwake (220 mm vs. 215 mm). Nyengo yoweta ya mbalamezi ikuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi ya autumn, koma mawiri awiriwa amakhala chisa m'nyengo yozizira. Bzalani mofulumira - kufika pa 3-5 masentimita pachaka kuchokera ku ihpary imodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Sizari amabweretsa zopindulitsa ku ulimi, kuchotsa minda ya mbewu zotsala (makamaka tirigu).
Rocky
Nkhunda yamtunda ikuwoneka ngati sizar, komabe amasiyana ndi mzere wakuda, mchira wakuwala ndi kukula kwake. Dzina lake limagwirizana pa nkhaniyi ku malo okhalamo - miyala imapezeka m'mapiri a Altai, Himalayas, Tibet ndi Tien Shan. 
Clintuh
Munthu wokhala m'nkhalango ndi Clintuch, omwe amakonda mapepala a beech kapena linden ndi mitengo yopanda. Kumeneko amapanga chisa cha nthambi zowuma, kubisala kuchokera kumbali ina iliyonse.
Kugawidwa kwa malo kumeneku kumabweretsa dera lalikulu kuchokera ku Africa ndi Turkey ku Central Asia, Siberia ndi China. Mphuno ya pluntha ndi mitundu yodabwitsa ya mitundu - maluwa akuluakulu amtundu wa malachite amatha kukhala a malachite sheen, osowa kwambiri m'mapiko ndi mikwingwirima yakuda mthenga wamdima. 
Nkhunda ya nkhuni
Nkhunda yamtengo wapatali imakhala ngati mbalame ya ku Ulaya, koma imakhala ku Asia Minor, ku Middle East, ndi mapiri a Himalaya. Northern Wood Pigeon ya kumpoto kwa Europe, mosiyana ndi oimira malo omwe amakhala m'madera ena, ndi mbalame yosamuka, ikuyenda m'nyengo yozizira ku North Asia, Transcaucasia ndi Moldova.
Dzina lake lina ndi vitite. Kukula kwake ndi chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu pakati pa njiwa zakutchire (ndi thupi mpaka mamita 45 cm ndi kulemera kwa 650 g, nkhunda ya nkhuni ili ndi mchira wa mamita asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu ndipo mapiko ake amakhala oposa 70 masentimita, omwe amafuula mokweza pa nthawi yopuma).
Mphuno imvi kumbuyo imapeza brownish tinge, ndi pabuka pachifuwa ndi pakhosi. Mlomo wa pinki ndi sera zimatha kukhala ndi chikasu. Kukhala m'nkhalango, njiwa ikhoza kukhala kanthawi kochepa mumzinda wa Western Europe. Kusokonezeka kwa maanja, kumanga chisa, kuika mazira ndi mazira (pambuyo pake) mazira amapezeka pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira. Nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi zotchedwa mkaka wa nkhunda, womwe umapangidwa mu goiter ya mbalame yaikulu.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhunda ya nkhuni imasamala kwambiri kuti imabwerera ku chisa, pokhala yothamangitsidwa kuchoka kumeneko.
Nkhunda Yamtengo Wapatali
Kukongola uku sikukonda kuzizira. Malo ake amakhala nyengo yozizira. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku New Guinea. Miyoyo yakhazikika m'nkhalango, imakonda mangroves. Korona pamwamba pa mutu wa mbalame, yomwe imatchedwa korona, yokhala ndi nthenga yofalikira ndi chifaniziro chokhazikika, imayenda pamwamba ndi pansi potsata kusintha kwa mwini wake.
Mchira wamtali ndi wautali ndi wozungulira pang'ono. Kukhala ndi miyendo yaitali, ndi kukula kwake kukufanana ndi kamtunda kakang'ono kakang'ono ka 1.5 mpaka 2 kg ndi kutalika kwa 0.7 mamita. Nthawi yobereka imawonetsedwa ndi mwamuna akuwomba ngati kumveka. M'chisa cha masamba a fern, dzira loyera lalikulu limayikidwa, limene makolo amathyola mosiyana kwa mwezi umodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Anthu akuchepa mofulumira chifukwa cha kusaka kosasinthika.
Nyama nkhunda
Chizoloŵezi chochitira njiwa monga njira ya kulankhulana kwa positi, ochita maseŵera, kapena kukongoletsa kunyumba kumakhala kosiyana ndi mwambo wakale wogwiritsa ntchito nyama yawo ngati chakudya. Panthawiyi, ndendende Nsolo ya nyama inali yoyamba mu mbalamezi. Zachititsa kuti mitundu ya nyama yamakono ikhalepo yomwe ingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowonongeka.
Mfumu
Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, Mfumu inatuluka chifukwa cha kudutsa mbalame za positi ndi mtundu wa njiwa ya Roma. Sikuti mitundu iwiri yokha ya nthenga (yoyera, yofiirira, yowoneka ndi yakuda) imakopa mbalameyi. Phindu liri nyama zambiri pa mafupa amphamvu (njiwa imalephera kupita m'mlengalenga chifukwa cha misala), zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azikonda kwambiri masiku ano ku United States of America komanso m'mayiko ena.
English Modena
Anthu a ku Britain adatha kupanga njiwa za mtundu wa Italy Modena, ndikupanga mtundu watsopano wa English Modena. Kulemera kwa 0,7 - 0.9 kg kumapindulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito anthu a mitundu iyi pophika. Kunja, English Modena ikufanana ndi Mgwirizano wa ku America Mfumu, koma mosiyana ndi iye, ali ndi mchira wokongola ndi mitundu iwiri yokha - ndi makumi anayi ndi amodzi. Mbalame yotereyi ikhoza kuuluka, koma siitha kuuluka.
Kuthamanga kapena njiwa zothamanga
Ngakhale kuti, malinga ndi mwambo wokhazikitsidwa, njiwa zimatchedwa nkhunda, poyamba, masewera, nkhunda zoyenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza makalata akuyendetsa bwino mlengalenga pa malo aliwonse ndipo mwachibadwa akubwerera kumalo osungirako okhazikika pambuyo pa ulendo wautali waulendo. Iwo amagawidwa motsatira zochitika za kayendedwe kawo. Amasiyanitsa, makamaka mbalame zouluka, zomwe, zitakwera m'mwamba "mpaka kumwamba", zimatha kukhala kumeneko nthawi zonse (mpaka maola 10), komanso nkhunda za njiwa zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutuluka pamphepete.
Zozizwitsa kupyolera mumchira, ponseponse ndi pang'onopang'ono, zimatha kupanga njiwa zowomba pang'onopang'ono ndi mapiko awo, koma osati kukwera mpaka kutalika kwake. Zozizwitsa mwa mapiko, zomwe zimapanga scooters (gulu lina la nkhunda zouluka) pakukonzekera, zimapanga chisokonezo chachilendo cha mbalame kuzungulira mmbali mwake, motero, ngati kuti akugogomezera zapadera za aesthetics za njira yawo yopulumukira.
Nikolaev mtundu
Mzinda wa Ukraine wotchedwa Nikolaev, womwe unamangidwa ndi sitima zapamadzi, unakhala malo oyamba opanga bwino kwambiri, omwe ndi chifukwa cha Nikolaev. Mbalame za mitundu iyi amatha kukwera kumwamba kupita molunjika. Kuthamanga kwa mapiko aatali, amayamba kuchita kale kumtunda. Miyendo yochepa, thupi lolimba, kamphongo kakang'ono kamene kamalola kuti njiwa ya mtundu wa Nikolaev ikhale ndi chidaliro pamene iwo akhala pamlengalenga.
Turman ya maso ochepa
Kulimbana ndi gulu la nkhunda zouluka ambiri omwe amaimiridwa ndi turman short-tailed turman. Mphuno yapadera kwambiri imasiyanitsa pang'ono ndi thupi lochepa ndipo, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ndi mlomo wochepa. Mtundu wa mphuno ukhoza kukhala wosasangalatsa komanso wobiriwira, ndipo kudumpha kwa mapiko pansi pa mchira kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuzindikira Berlin turman pakati pa achibale. 
Moni wa Germany
Kumayambiriro kwa njiwa zapanyumba, Germany inalandira mtundu wa dziko la Germany kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.
The then golubyatnikov sanakane kuba za munthu wina nkhunda, zomwe iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito nyumba ya amonke kuti azidziyesa okha nkhunda zina. Ntchentche zaku German. Olemekezeka ambiri ali ndi nthenga yaing'ono kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo.
Masewera, kapena nkhunda za nkhunda
Malo osungirako, kupambana mosavuta ndi positi zosiyanasiyana za nkhunda, kutenga nawo nawo mbali pamasewero enieni omwe anali nawo anali ndi maziko oti azitcha mtunduwu komanso masewera. Kuchita bwino kwa masewera a njiwa mumlengalenga, Kukhoza kwawo kupeza mosavuta njira zawo, mosasamala za kukula kwa mtunda, ndilo cholowa.
Mzinda wa Belgium
Dziko la Belgium linakhala likulu la ndale za Ulaya kale kale lomwe linasanduka malo apadziko lonse a masewera a njiwa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti, mwachidziŵikire, mtundu umodzi mwa mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya masewera a njiwa imatchedwa dzina la positi ya Belgium.
Nyama ya mtundu umenewu ndi mbiri ya ulendo waulendo. Izi zimachokera ku mitengo yamtengo wapatali ku Belgium.
Kufulumizitsa ndege kwa othamanga-postman kumapezeka mwa kuphatikiza chifuwa chachikulu ndi mchira wawung'ono ndi kuthamanga kwasalala, kuoneka ngati silika.
Mukudziwa? Kufulumira kwa kuthawa kwa nkhunda kumatha kufika 65 km / h.
Chilankhulo cha Chingerezi
Mothandizidwa ndi ntchito yosankha ya ku Asia inatha kukhala Chingerezi.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino kwambiri Ntchito ya Chingelezi inadziwika kwambiri. Chiyambi cha Asia chikuwoneka pachikopa choyamba, chomwe chiri pafupi ndi mlomo ndi maso a mbalame.
Amapereka zinthu zawo zokongoletsera zokongola.
Zikopa zokongoletsera
Mawonekedwe okongola a nthenga amatha kubereka kukongoletsa mitundu ya njiwa, amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apadera, amafota ndi nthenga, mitundu yosaoneka ndi malo.
Peacock
Oimira a mtundu wa peacock umabala mtundu wa peacock amadziwika bwino mbalame zokongoletsera za banja ili zokongola kwambiri. Dzina limene iwo anayenera kukhala nalo chifukwa cha mchira waukulu ndi mvula yambiri. Kukongola kokongola (kawirikawiri kumakhala koyera) kumakopa okonza zosangalatsa, choncho mbalamezi zimayimilira m'mabwalo a zisewero ndi malo ena osangalatsa. 
Barb
Zina mwa miyala yokongoletsera, akatswiri amasiyanitsa chomwe chimatchedwa mtundu warty, chodziwika, makamaka, malire a maso a mbalame za m'mphuno. Woimira bwino kwambiri wa mtundu umenewu ndi nthiti, yomwe ili ndi mphumi yolimba kwambiri ndi mulomo wochepa. Mbali yosayembekezereka ndi yosayembekezereka ya nthiti, yomwe imachokera pakati pa njiwa zonse, ndi kusowa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Anthu amtundu woyera amakhala otchuka kwambiri, koma palinso zizindikiro zina.
Brno akuwomba
Brno akuwomba imayenda pansi pa tiptoes, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka bwino. Pamene mukuyenda, kumangogwira zala zazing'ono, palibe chithandizo pa phazi. Izi zimapangitsa zotsatira za kuyenda kochepa komanso kuyenda bwino. 
Bohemian Cosmonogue Magic Swallow
Dera la Czech linatchula mtundu umodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya njiwa, kukopa chidwi ndi akatswiri. mapiko a mapiko, komanso miyendo, yomwe ili ndi mvula (nkhunda zambiri sizimakhala nazo). 
Kukhulupirira matsenga kumatengedwa kukhala woimira gulu la nkhunda zazikulu.
Saxon wansembe
Mphungu yoyera pakati pa tufe ziwiri imasiyanitsa wansembe wa Saxon pakati pa mitundu ina yokonza nkhunda. Mtundu wa mphuno zina ukhoza kukhala wosiyana.
Ndipo mbali ina ya khalidwe yomwe imakongoletsa maonekedwe a Saxon Nthenga zambiri pamapiko ake.
Kupyolera
Chibadwidwe chosazolowereka, omwe oimira awo akulota kuti azigwirizanitsa ndi osaka nyama awo omwe amasonkhanitsa nkhuku, omwe amadya ndi nyenyezi kapena mtundu wa mbalame. Zapadera Kupiringa bwino pamapiko ndi paws nkhunda yamphongo.
Ufumu wa njiwa umatha kukongola munthu aliyense amene amakhudza. Ndikofunika kuyesetsa zinyama zakutchire - sikuti ndi m'nkhalango zakutchire komanso m'mapiri, komanso mmalo athu a tsiku ndi tsiku.
