Mwina pali anthu ochepa omwe alibe chidwi ndi mphesa.
Maonekedwe ake, kukoma kokoma ndi fungo losangalatsa sizingathandize koma kunyengerera.
Koma pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa imakhala malo apadera.
Tidzafotokoza za izi.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
"Valek" inagwidwa ndi wolima vinyo wa ku Ukraine, wokhala ku Kirovograd dera, yemwe ankachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, Nikolai Pavlovich Vishnevetsky. Anadutsa mitundu itatu ya mphesa - Kesh, Zvezdny ndi Rizamat. 
Chifukwa cha ichi, zatsopano, zosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zake, zinatuluka, zomwe mwamsanga zinapeza kutchuka ndipo sizinali kufalikira kokha ku Ukraine, komanso ku Russia.
Mafotokozedwe a zamoyo
Izi zosiyanasiyana zili ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsa "Valek" kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi kulima mitundu yamitengo yotchuka monga "Malbec", "Furor", "Zilga", "Kishmish", "Romeo", "Alpha", "Zest", "Rusbol", "Wadikiridwa", "Wofiira" , "Mtengo".
Mitengo ndi mphukira
Zomera zimadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kukoma kwa mphukira zazing'ono kutalika konse; masango atatu mpaka atatu amapangidwa pa mphukira iliyonse. Mipesa imasintha ndi yamphamvu.
Maluwa okwatirana, osasowa njuchi. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, omwe ali obiriwira, ndi pubescence pang'ono pansipa. 
Masamba ndi zipatso
Maburashi - kukula kwakukulu, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe wandiweyani. Gwiritsani ntchito mlingo umodzi ndi theka kufika pa kilogalamu ziwiri.
Mphesa ndi yofiira, yayikulu, yowirira, 2.5 mpaka 3 centimita yaitali ndipo 1.5 mpaka 2 cm masentimita. Kulemera kwa mphesa 13-15 g, kumapezeka, ndi 25-30 g. Nkhumba ndi yandiweyani, koma yopyapyala, choncho sikumverera pamene ikufuna. Thupi ndi lofewa, minofu ndi yowutsa mudyo, shuga wothira madzi ndi 17-18%.
Kukoma kwa zipatso zonse kumabwera ndi maonekedwe pa khungu la golide. Kukoma ndi mabulosi okoma, omwe amatha kuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndi nutmeg ndi peyala.
Mukudziwa? Kupambana kwa mphesa kunafika ku Agiriki akale: zaka zopitirira 2000 zaka zisanafike, adabweretsa mitundu yatsopano, inoculated ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Mafotokozedwe Gawo
Malingana ndi kukoma, izi zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiranso chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuda kolimba ndi kukana matenda
Zimanyamula chisanu mpaka madigiri 24 pansi pa zero. Zosiyanasiyana sizowoneka ngati imvi zowola (pali zochepa zochitika matenda) ndi autumn fungal matenda, iye saopa downy powdery mildew ndi powdery mildew.
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza za mavu, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mphesa ngati gwero la chakudya.
Kutulutsa ndi Kupereka
Mitundu imeneyi ndi ya kukhwima koyambirira, koma mitundu yodzikweza. Pa nthawi yachiwiri kapena yachitatu mutabzala mudzapereka yoyamba yokolola. 
"Valek" yakucha pa tsiku 105 kuyambira chiyambi cha nyengo yokula. M'dziko lawo lodziwika bwino, nthawi yokolola imayamba mu theka lachiwiri la July, 35-40 makilogalamu a chipatso amakololedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi.
Transportability ndi yosungirako
Kuyenda bwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ma cuttings ali ochira komanso abwino.
Ntchito
Cholinga chachikulu cha zipatso za "Valek" ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, koma vinyo wa mphesayi ndi wabwino kwambiri. Kupanikizana kwabwino kumachokera mu mphesa iyi, ndipo kumangiriza sikungakulepheretseni.
Phunzirani kupanga kupanikizana kwa mphesa, komanso momwe mungapangire zoumba, vinyo, madzi a mphesa ndi champagne kuchokera ku masamba a mphesa.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande zapamwamba ndi zathanzi pamene mukugula
Popanda mmera wabwino ndi zokolola sizidzakhala zabwino. N'zoona kuti malo ogulitsira sapling sagwira ntchito yovuta, komabe ndi bwino kugula izo mu sitolo kapena kuchokera kwa mnzako mu chiwembu kapena nyumba.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mupange botolo limodzi la vinyo mumayenera mphesa 600.Sitoloyo idzapereka zitsimikizo zosachepera zapamwamba, ndipo oyandikana nawo amakhala akukula pa nthaka yomweyo.
Koma ngati zili choncho, posankha kasamalidwe kameneka ayenera kulipira maonekedwe ake.
Tsinde:
- kokha ndi awo omwe, ndipo osati mizu yolumikizidwa;
- palibe njira zotchulidwa za kuyanika;
- kusowa mawanga;
- kukhalapo kwa mizu iwiri kapena itatu.
Phunzirani kukonzekera cuttings mu autumn, momwe kukonzekera ndi kusunga cuttings wa mphesa m'nyengo yozizira, momwe kudzala cuttings wa mphesa mu autumn.Sapling:
- mphukira yayikulu kutalika kwa 40-50 cm;
- mizu iyenera kukhala yoyera;
- chodulidwa pamwamba ndi chobiriwira.
Ngati mmera uli pamwambapa uli bwino, mukhoza kuwutenga. 
Kumene mungabzalidwe pa webusaitiyi
Posankha malo otsetsereka, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Malowa ayenera kukhala otseguka komanso owala bwino.
- Chotsani mthunzi ndi zomera zina - zomwe zikukula kale ndi zomwe zidzabzalidwe pambuyo pake.
- Malowa akhale pamtunda, kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo.
- Zochitika zakuya pansi pa madzi.
- Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala, yosungunuka bwino.
- Malo amatetezedwa ku mphepo (zolepheretsa zachirengedwe, nyumba, mipanda).
- Malo okwanira ounikira ndi kukula.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya zosiyanasiyana "Valek" - loamfooka wofooka okhala ndi nthaka yakuda.
Kufika malamulo ndi zinsinsi
Kubzala mphesa kungakhale njira yayitali kwambiri, kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa November - chirichonse chimatsimikizira njira yobzala.
Kubzala mbande zokhala ndi tulo kapena kukulumikiza zipatso zimayenera kuchitidwa bwino kumayambiriro a masika, pamene kukula kwa mbande ndi masamba obiriwira ndi masamba akulimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe kumapeto kwa kasupe pamene kutentha kwatha kale.
Mu kugwa, chodzala chimaphatikizapo kuti chiyenera kuchitika pokhapokha nthawi yomwe zomera zimalowa mumtendere ndi nthawi zonse chisanu chisanatuluke, m'mawu ena, pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba.
Akatswiri amapereka malangizo otsatirawa:
- pakati pa tchire la mphesa za mzere umodzi - pafupifupi mamita 3;
- pakati pa mizere ya mipesa - pafupifupi mamita 4;
- kubzala cuttings - mpaka chiyambi cha chilimwe.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukonza dzenje. Ayenera kukhala akuya pafupifupi 0,8 mamita ndi kukula kwake. Pansi pa dzenje lachitatu ladzazidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala, msinkhu. Kenaka, chimbudzi chochotsedwa chimayikidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera, ndiye zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu za kompositi zimayikidwa.
Sikumapweteka kuwonjezera feteleza mchere, superphosphate (2 tbsp. Spoons) ndi mafosholo phulusa. Ndipo zonsezi ziyenera kumatsalira kwa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere mphesa zanu, momwe mungamere mphesa mu kugwa ndi masika.
Pa nthawi yoyenera, nyemba, zokolola komanso okalamba m'madzi kuti zikhale zodzaza ndi chinyezi, zimatsikira ku dzenje pamutu wa khosi (khosi silinali loikidwa m'manda) ndipo limatsanuliridwa pansi ndi nthaka, panthawi imodzimodziyo.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pafupi ndi mizu palibe malo opanda kanthu ndi mpweya wotsalira - mwinamwake iwo adzauma mwamsanga.
Mutabzala, kuthira nyembazo ndi zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu. 
Ndikofunikira! Kudyetsa mphesa zosiyanasiyana pafupi ndiko kulimbikitsidwa - zomera zidzatero pereopily ndipo zimataya makhalidwe awo.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kuti zokolola zikhale zolemera ndi zokoma, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kwambiri. Choyamba, chisamaliro cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Valek" sichinthu chosiyana ndi chisamaliro cha mitundu ina ya mphesa, koma pali zina zapadera.
Kuthirira
Kutentha kwa nthaka kumadzinso ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kukula kwa mphesa zabwino. Amayenera kuthiriridwa katatu pa nyengo, koma mu nyengo youma - mungathe ngakhale kamodzi. Onetsetsani kuti musamamwe madzi maluwa musanayambe maluwa.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti usamanyowe masamba ndi mphukira - chinyezi chimakonda kubereka kwa fungal spores. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kuthira madzi amodzi kapena awiri. Ndipo chofunikira china chofunika - madzi okwanira kuchotsamo chinyezi chowonjezera. 
Yambani
Mankhwalawa amafunika kuti mphesa zizitha kupota. Kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi wotsogola mtsogolo muzakonzanso mphesa, zothandizira ziyenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa 80 cm -1m, ndi pakati pa mizera imodzi mita imodzi.
Kusamalira dothi
Pano ndikofunikira kutsatira zochitika zina zaulimi:
- Nthawi zonse kupalira pakati pa mizere ndi kuzungulira baka mphesa. Namsongole amachotsa zinthu zowononga komanso zothandiza kuchokera ku mphesa. Kumera kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthaka itatha ndipo nthawi zonse isanayambe mphukira. Dothi liri wokonzeka kupalira ngati sizimamatira kumalo.
- Kumasula nthaka kwathunthu mu chiwembu chomwe mphesa zimabzalidwa. M'chaka, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa mozama - ndi masentimita 15, osapitirira, idzathandiza kuteteza chinyezi chomwe chapezeka m'nyengo yozizira. Pakati pa chilimwe, kumasulidwa kumachitika kasanu ndi kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kawiri. Izi zimapangitsa chiwonongeko cha namsongole ndikuwonongedwa, chifukwa nthaka yomwe ili pamtengowu imatha kuuma. Kukumba kukumba kumachitika mwamsanga mutatha kukolola. Cholinga chake ndikulenga m'nthaka zomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka zowonjezera chinyezi ndi zakudya. Dziko lapansi limakumbidwa ndi malo osungunuka, pomwe zidutswa za dziko lapansi sizisweka, koma zatsala mpaka masika. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kuchedwa ndi kudzikundikira mphepo. Pachifukwa ichi kuzungulira chitsamba chimapanga dzenje ndi mamita masentimita 35 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 15.
- Mulching Kapena kuphimba nthaka ndi moss, udzu kapena utuchi umachitidwa mwamsanga mutatha kuthirira. Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi ndikulitsa chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, munda wamphesa woyamba unayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17 ku Astrakhan, yomwe panthawiyo inali yaikulu pakati pa amalonda.
Kukanikiza ndi kudula
Cholinga cha kukanikiza ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa madera a mphesa. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, ndiye kuti mphesa zidzakula mosalekeza. Kusinthanitsa kumachitika musanayambe maluwa - izi zidzakupatsani mwayi wochuluka wa zakudya kwa inflorescences.
Kusinthanitsa mphesa: kanema
Koma cholinga cha kudulira mphukira ndi mipesa ya mphesa, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula kwawo, ndiko kukonzanso mpweya wabwino wa chitsamba champhesa. Dulani masamba aakulu kwambiri omwe akuphatikizapo masango ku dzuwa. Ndibwino kuti azidulira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena m'dzinja.
Phunzirani momwe mungakongolere mphesa m'dzinja, masika, chilimwe.
Koma kumbukirani kuti masamba onse sayenera kuchotsedwa, okwanira kudula atatu kapena asanu aakulu kwambiri.
Kupaka pamwamba
Iyenera kupangidwa pambuyo pa kutha kwa zokolola, pamene maburashi onse achotsedwa kale. Mchenga umakumba 40-60 masentimita mozama pamunda wamphesa ndipo kenako zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayikidwa mmenemo.
M'chaka, chifukwa chokula, zobiriwira zimadyetsedwa ndi mchere wothira nayitrogeni feteleza, ndipo mu chilimwe - granulated nayitrogeni ndi phosphate feteleza kuti lifulumizitse kucha kwa zipatso.
Zaka ziwiri zilizonse kugwa amamera feteleza ndi zinthu zokwana 1 sq. M. M mphesa 10 makilogalamu a zinthu zakuthupi ndi 100 g ya phulusa lopanda phulusa. 
Kuteteza kozizira
"Valek" imakhala yotentha ndi chisanu. Kutangoyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, iyenera kuphimbidwa. Olima amisiri amachita izi mwanjira iyi: mipesa imachotsedwa ku zothandizira ndipo imayikidwa pansi; kenako amaika zitsulo pamwamba pawo ndipo amawotcha filimu ya polyethylene.
Ngati chitetezo chotere sichitha kutero - chimango chokha ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pa kubwerera kwa mipesa yozizira kumawulula.
Kusamalira mosamala ndi mphesa pamphesa "Valek" ndithudi idzasanduka kukolola kokoma kokoma zipatso ndi zachilendo komanso zosavuta kumva kukoma ndi fungo.
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
