Nthawi yolima si chisangalalo cha zokolola, komanso mavuto.
Taganizirani bwanji nkhaka kutembenukira chikasu mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chochita ndi izo.
Kupanda feteleza m'nthaka
Nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ikhoza kukhala yosauka muzitsulo zamchere, zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu.
Chifukwa chopanda pepala la nayitrogeni, amayamba kuwala, kenako amasintha mtundu wa mitsempha yake ndi mipata yonse pakati pawo. Kwa chomera chachikulu, chizindikiro cha "kusowa kwa nayitrogeni" chidzakhala maonekedwe a zipatso zopunduka.
Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa mukudziwa Ndikofunika kwambiri kumamatira kuvala bwino. Ngati mumapanga superphosphates zambiri, potaziyamu mankhwala kapena phulusa, ndiye nitrojeni sikokwanira.
Monga chiwopsezo polemba chiwembu, manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu pa 1 sq. Mbande ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa masiku angapo musanabzala - zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala amchere kapena feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyeza mlingo.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa "kusintha" kwa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pamwamba pa biofuel, yomwe ili ndi masentimita 15.
Pamene akukula, "zakudya" zimasintha. Pa nthawi ya fruiting, phulusa ndi superphosphates zimadulidwa, zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi chisakanizo cha mullein ndi udzu. Inde, ndipo m'masitolo mungathe kugula zakudya zovuta pa nthawiyi.
Kutentha ndi kochepa kwambiri kuti zikule
Chifukwa china chomwe mazira ambiri a nkhaka amatembenukira chikasu, chomwe chiri chofunikira kwambiri kwa eni eni filimu. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kutentha bwino, ndipo usiku amatha kutentha (kumbukirani chiopsezo chobwerezabwereza chisanu).
Mukhozanso kubzala mbeu zina m'munda mwanu: nyemba, kaloti, anyezi, adyo, parsley, katsabola ndi tomato.Kuyika mbande pansi, kumamatira kutentha. Chiwerengero chocheperapo ndi +18 ° C, ndipo chilimwe "padenga" ndi +35 ° C. Ngati chomera panthawi ya kukula, dontho siliyenera kupitirira madigiri 6.
Pa nthaka, nambala yabwino kwambiri imachokera ku +25 mpaka +30 ° С. Kuti muchite izi, perekani manyowa wothira udzu (koma osapitirira 4 makilogalamu pa chitsamba). +13 - 15 ° С amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa, choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka zimakhalanso ndi "zawo" tchuthi - zimagwa pa July 27.Kugawidwa kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu lonse lonse wowonjezera kutentha. Kusiyana kwa madigiri 2 kumaloledwa. Kusintha kumachitika mwa kutsegula zitseko kapena mafelemu pa tsiku lotentha. Kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi chilimwe, njirazi ndizovomerezeka - kutenthedwa kwambiri ndi kosayenera.
Zolakwa pakamwetsa chomera
Nkhaka ndi zovuta kwambiri za chinyezi. Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse kumafunika, mwinamwake mudzayenera kuthana ndi vuto la chifukwa chake nkhaka zamasamba zouma.
Pali malamulo ena ophweka omwe mungatsatire mukamamwetsa madzi:
- gwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha, mofanana ndi kutentha kwa nthaka (tilephera madzi ozizira, zidzangowonjezera imfa ya mazira ochuluka);
- ayang'anitseni masamba ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, sungani zomera;
- Sitiyenera kudzaza ndi mizu (izi zidzatsogolera ku mizu yovunda);
- nthaka iyenera kuuma;
- kusungunula pamodzi ndi fetereza.
Ndikofunikira! Zolinga zoterozo, zoyenera ndi kuthirira ulimi wothirira. "Droplet" sikuti idzangopereka madzi ofanana, koma imakulolani kuti musunge (vuto lalikulu silikufunika).Kusakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kuti mukondweretse. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani yankho lofooka la choko, lomwe likutsatiridwa kuchokera ku madzi okwanira (kuchokera kunja). Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otere - kuyambira 4 mpaka 5 malita pa "square".
Kupanda kuwala
Kuwala kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka patali, koma nthawizina sikokwanira. Kulephera kwake ndi chinthu chinanso cha funso loti n'chifukwa chiyani nkhaka siimakula mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuunikira kwina kumakhalanso ndi mfundo zake:
- Ngati nyengo yakhazikika, "kuunikira kwina" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera.
- Mitengo imayenera kulandira kuwala kosachepera maola 12 pa tsiku.
- Nthawi podgadvayut kotero kuti pakati pa kupanga ndi dzuwa panalibe nthawi.
- Kumbukirani kuti chomera ndi mdima wofunika (maola 6 pa tsiku).
- Ngati mufuna kugula fitolamp, kumbukirani kuti pamafunika mafunde osiyanasiyana osiyana. 400 - 500 nm (mtundu wa buluu) woyenera kuti pakhale kukula kwa zomera. Kwa maluwa pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo za mtundu wofiira, wowerengeka pa 600 - 700 nm.
Mukudziwa? Ku Iran, nkhaka zimaonedwa kuti ndi zipatso.Kulimbana ndi kuunika kwa kuwala, kusinthanitsa kuwala ndi mdima, simungathe kudandaula za zokolola. Inde, ndikutembenuzira kuwala usiku sikofunika - komanso kusungirako.
Mphindi wina - kulondola kobzala ndi "midzi" ndi zikhalidwe zina. Nthano zamakono zomwe zili ndi rhizome zowonongeka zimabzalidwa, kusankha mamita 1 lalikulu pa zomera ziwiri. Mitundu yoyandikana sayenera kusunga nkhaka.
Yabwino oyandikana nawo nkhaka m'munda - Beijing kabichi, beets, mavwende, mavwende, eggplants, tsabola, chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mazira ambiri pa nkhaka
Mutagula mbewuyi ndi chizindikiro F1 pa phukusi, konzekerani lotsatira. Nthanga zotere zimasonyezedwa, mosamala, zimakula mofulumira, ndipo mazira oposa zana amatha kuwonekera pa chomera chimodzi.
Adzafunika kutsina - Zokolola zowonongeka zimachotsedwa ngati ovariya anali 20-25. Zowonjezera zidzasokoneza, zomwe zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mawonekedwe a chipatso.
Ndibwino kukumbukira za mitundu yamakono. Anayambitsa mitundu ndi mizere ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo tsinde, imakhalanso ndi mphukira. Kwa iwo, kukumbanitsa kumachitika pamwamba pa masamba 5 - 6.
Ndikofunikira! Musasiye maluwa pamadontho a m'munsi - amachedwetsa zakudya zina, ndipo alibe zotsatirapo zambiri.
Mitundu ya parthenocarpic nthawi zambiri imakula mu tsinde limodzi, ndipo kwa iwo makanema amawoneka ngati awa:
- ife timayika zojambula kapena ndodo, kumene ife timangiriza tsinde lalikulu;
- mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 45-50, mazira onse ndi maluwa amachotsedwa pamodzi ndi mphukira;
- pamtunda kuchokera pamtunda wa masentimita 50 kufika pamtunda, mphutsi iliyonse yokhotakhota imaphatikizidwa pamwamba pa tsamba loyamba, ndipo ovary ndi mapepala angapo adzapulumutsidwa;
- Kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 1.5 mamita: mphukira imasiyidwa mu nambala 3 mpaka 4, chimodzimodzi ndi mazira awiri, komanso masamba awiri.
Kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwambiri
Kuchuluka kwa mlingo kumakhudzanso nkhani. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapiko, amakhala osapitirira 30 mpaka 50 cm. Pafupifupi 0.9 - 1 mamita yatsalira pakati pa mizere.
"Mangani" mbande zambiri molimbika - Patapita nthawi, mizu idzayamba kusokonezana wina ndi mzake, ndipo mmera wakula udzalandira pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yodabwitsa kwa ife m'mayiko ambiri amapanga kupanikizana. Malingana ndi kukoma kwake, izo sizimasiyana ndi kawirikawiri jams.Kuti mizere ikhale yosagwirizana, gwiritsani ntchito chingwe pazitsulo - izi ndi momwe zimakhalira mosavuta.
Matenda a nkhaka
Chikhalidwe ichi chimadwalanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Fotokozani mwachidule matenda omwe amapezeka mu "misasa", kuchititsa chikasu.
Downy mildew, kapena perinosporosis, posachedwapa wakhala pafupifupi mliri. Zowopsa zimakhala mpweya wambiri wambiri, kubzala kawirikawiri ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi. 
Choyamba, mawanga achikasu ndi ofunda amaonekera. Pakapita nthawi, amatha kuphatikiza, amakhala ndi mthunzi wambiri komanso amawoneka ofiira. Ngati patina ya brownish imaonekera mkati mwa mbale, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda. Kuopsa kwake kukuwonetsedwa mofulumira pakali pano; mu masiku angapo mame amwe "adzadya" mbewu yonseyo.
Kuwona zizindikiro zoyamba, nthawi yomweyo imani kuthirira ndi feteleza (kwa sabata). Ngati palibe chinyezi, onetsetsani malo okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala monga Oxy ndi Topaz. Yankho liyenera kukhala lotentha mpaka 23 - 24 ° С.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukudwala ndi powdery mildew, zizindikiro zoyera zidzawoneka, osati zizindikiro zachikasu.
Izi zimachitika kuti chikasu chachikasu chikuwonekera kale pakuwonekera kwa ovary. Izi "zinagwira ntchito" fusarium bowa. Mukalowa mkati mwa chomeracho, imatseka zakudya zamtunduwu, zomwe zingayambitse kutaya kwapang'onopang'ono kwa tsinde.
Zimakhala zovuta kulimbana ndi matendawa, kotero kupewa ndikofunika - kusinthanitsa mitundu ndikusandutsa malo okhudzidwa.
Tizilombo timene timayambitsa chikasu komanso timadula nkhaka
Nthawi zambiri "alendo" osafunafuna a wowonjezera kutentha ndi kangaude Tizilombo timapezeka pamunsi mwa tsamba, pomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga.
Kuchotsa izo, malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatayidwa - pali zothetsera zambiri m'masitolo. Ngati mulibe mbali imodzi, yankho la sopo lidzatha. Kuchokera wowerengeka mankhwala infusions zochokera dandelion, celandine kapena yarrow ntchito.
Ndi dothi lokhazikika kukumba, chiopsezo cha tizilombo ichi chimachepetsedwa - chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri ndipo chimatha kufa pamwamba.
Chimodzimodzi "chiwembu" ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Amatha kusokoneza mlimiyo nthawi yonse (ndi chiwerengero cha July - August). Silingalekerere mankhwala a nitrogen, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya ndi sopo yankho.
Mukudziwa? Ma particles a ayodini omwe ali mu zamkati amapangidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi. Choncho nkhaka si madzi okha, monga amakhulupirira.
Kuchokera kwina njira yothetsera yankho la anyezi. 80 g osaya "poppy" akuwonjezeredwa ku 10 l madzi ofunda. Pambuyo patsiku la sludge kulowetsedwa okonzeka. Mukhoza kutenga ndi adyo - kuchuluka komweko kudzasowa theka.
Nyongolotsi yaying'ono nematode zoopsa pa liwiro lake, zimathamanga msangamsanga makoswe onse. Kupopera mankhwala moyenera sikungapereke zotsatira zoyenera, chifukwa nyongolotsi imachoka muzu. Kuchokera kuchitetezo - mofanana kukumba, m'malo mwa nthaka, mankhwala ake ndi nthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, dzikolo ndi bwino kufera.
Tatsimikiza chifukwa chiwombankhanga chimagwa pansi. Tikukhulupirira kuti ndondomeko zomwe zatchulidwazi zidzathandiza owerenga athu kuti azichita, ndipo wowonjezera kutentha adzasangalala ndi zokolola.
