Monstera ndi chomera chokongola komanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Anayamba kukondana ndi amaluwa ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osazolowereka komanso kuphweka kwawo mwachisamaliro. Kumtchire, chomera chosathachi chikupezeka ku Central ndi South America, koma lero tiwone monstera ngati chophimba ndi kudziwa m'mene tingasamalire kunyumba.
Kufotokozera kwachitsulo cha Monstera
Monstera ndi ya mtundu wa Aroids. Mkwathunthu, banja ili liri pafupi zomera makumi asanu zosiyana, mawonekedwe ndi kutalika. Maseŵera otchedwa airst, omwe nthawi zina mizu ya mlengalenga imakhalapo, ndipo khutu lakuda limapangitsa kuti zomerazo zizikhala pansi.
Masamba a duwa ndi obiriwira ndipo amawala kwambiri. Panthawi inayake ya kukula, mabowo amapangidwa mwa iwo, omwe amatembenuzidwa kukhala otchinga. Maonekedwe a masamba pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi ovate mtima, ndi kukula kwake akhoza kufika 90 cm m'litali. Monga maluwa otchedwa monstera amatha kuwonekera kuthengo, monga kunyumba kumakhala kosavuta.
Monstera imasiyanasiyana ndi zomera zina zakumunda mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ambiri. Zingakhale zokongoletsera zokongola za minda yozizira, kumene zomera zimamva bwino kwambiri. Ikhozanso kupezeka mu maudindo ambiri ndi nyumba zapanyumba.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la duwa limachokera ku mawu achilatini akuti monstrosus (zodabwitsa, whimsical), ngakhale kuti ena ofufuza amanena kuti dzinalo linachokera ku mawu akuti monstrum (monster).
Mbali za kukula kwa monstera kunyumba
Zonsezi zimakhala ndi zodziwika bwino za kukula ndi kutuluka pambali imeneyi (ndiko kuti, chisamaliro ndi kulima chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira). Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri amalima monstera zokoma kapena zokongola.
Kusankha malo okula bwino
Malo abwino kwambiri obzala mbewu ngati Monstera ndi malo apadera. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Komabe, m'pofunika kuteteza maluwa kuchokera pazithunzi, kuti asayambitse maonekedwe a matenda. Komanso, nthawi zambiri musamasunthire malo ndi malo. Monstera sakonda kuwonetseredwa kwa dzuwa, choncho musayikidwe pazenera-sill yowonongeka: kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi. Dzuwa lingapangitse kutentha kwa duwa, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a mdima, ndipo chifukwa chake - kufa kwa chomeracho.
Zofunikira pa nthaka ndi kubzala mphamvu
Kuti kukula kwa maluwa kukhale koyenera kumvetsetsa nthaka. Nthaŵi zambiri, amagula m'sitolo, koma mukhoza kuphika nokha.
Nthaka ya zinyama ziyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
- dziko;
- peat;
- humus;
- nthaka yobiriwira;
- mchenga
Zida zonsezi ziyenera kutengedwa mu chiwerengero cha 3: 1: 1: 1: 1. Nthaka yoteroyo imatha kuyamwa madzi ndi kulola kuti mpweya uzidutsa. Kusankha mphika kuti mubzalitse duwa muyenera kuganizira zazitali zazomera za mtsogolo. Mu mphika waukulu wa Monstera, udzawongolera mwamsanga mizu ndikuyamba kukula msanga, koma mbeu ikafika kukula kwakukulu, mizu imayamba kupota ndi kuzungulira mu bwalo. Pofuna kuteteza chilombochi kuti chisadzipangire chokha, pakufunika kuziyika ndikofunikira kuti musasinthe ndi kudula mizu yambiri. Ngati izi sizikuchititsa kuti maluwawo athe kuuma.
Mphika ndi bwino kutenga zambiri kuposa zam'mbuyo 2-4 cm. Ziyenera kukhazikika komanso zolemetsa.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuthandiza zinyama, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala osakaniza. Kotero iwo sangaphwanyidwe zomera zokongoletsa.
Momwe mungabzalitsire nkhuku kunyumba: kubzalanso kwa mipesa yotentha
Kuti monstera ikhale yabwino ndikukula, iyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti ali woyenera komanso wosamalira. Ikani masentimita asanu (5 cm) yakuda pansi pansi pa mphika, kenaka mudzaze chidebecho ndi ½ ya voliyumu yake, kenaka muike chomera mosamala popanda kuwononga mizu yake, ndikuphimba ndi nthaka yotsalayo. Kumapeto kwa kubzala maluwa bwino madzi.
Nkhumba ikhoza ndipo iyenera kufalitsidwa, ndipo njira zake zobereketsera zili m'munsimu.
Mchitidwe 1. Monstera kufalitsa kwa ma air
Pazenera iliyonse ayenera kukhala ndi mizu imodzi ya mpweya ndi tsamba limodzi. Nthambi imasamutsidwa ku chidebe chosiyana ndi gawo lapansi la michere, madzi okwanira mosamalitsa komanso okalamba. Mchenga wachinyamata amakula komanso chilombo chokha pa kutentha kwa 18 ... + 20 ° С, mumdima wodetsedwa komanso m'nyumba popanda ma drafts. 
Njira 2. Kubereka cuttings
Njira imeneyi ndi nthawi yambiri yomwe imatha. Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, njira zoyenera kapena zotsatila ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Dothi losakaniza kuti liphuke cuttings lingapangidwe palokha. Kuti muchite izi, mufunikira mchenga ndi humus mofanana, koma musaiwale za ngalande. Kusankhidwa phesi amaikidwa mu mphika, owazidwa nthaka kusakaniza ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuphimba mphika ndi galasi ndikuyika pamalo owala, koma osati dzuwa. Kusamba madzi akuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Pambuyo poonekera mizu yoyamba, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wosiyana ndi kukula, ndikuwona malamulo onse. 
Njira 3. Kubzala mbewu
Njira yoberekera ndiyo yothandiza kwambiri, komanso yayitali kwambiri. Choyamba, mukusowa mbewu zatsopano zomwe zimayenera kudzalidwa mu zakudya zosakaniza ndikumera bwino mu masiku 30. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbewu zowera kumakhala + 20 ° C, ndipo kuunika kukuyenera kumeta. Pakapita mwezi, mphukira yoyamba idzayamba kuoneka, ndipo zomera zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndi masamba 9-10 zimawoneka patatha zaka ziwiri. Monstera wamkulu mwa njirayi amalingaliridwa kuti ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotsalira kwambiri.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji nyamayi kunyumba kwanu?
Monga tanenera poyamba, Monstera ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, koma ngakhale izi, chisamaliro (kuphatikizapo kubereka) chiyenera kuchitidwa poganizira malamulo angapo ovomerezeka.
Kuthirira m'nyumba m'nyumba
Kuthirira Monstera ndi sitepe yofunikira pakukula kwake. Amakonda chinyezi, koma chomera chimakhala ndi nyengo yowonetsera nthaka. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka m'dzinja, maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Komabe, pamwamba pa gawo lapansi pakati pa madzi akuyenera kuuma. Ngati chomeracho chikutsanulidwa, chidzayamba kutaya zotsatira zake, kukonza mawanga akuda, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mizu idzavunda. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa, koma samalani kuti musaumitse chilombocho.
Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kutentha kutentha ndipo ayime masiku angapo musanagwiritse ntchito. Komanso nyamayi imafunika kutsukidwa ndikuyeretsedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku fumbi.
Mukudziwa? Monstera imayankha kusintha kwa nyengo. Pamphepete mwa masamba a zitsambazo zimapangika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake ambiri amafukula amanena kuti duwa likulira mvula.
Kudyetsa monstera
Mitengo yonse ya kunyumba iyenera kudyetsedwa. Ngati monstera sichikula, ndiye kuti imasowa zakudya. Choncho, kuti asamachepetse kukula kwa zomera zazikulu, ayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa mwezi. Monga feteleza oyenera mchere ndi organic feteleza, ngakhale achinyamata maluwa sangathe kudyetsa.
Mbali za Monstera Kuchepetsa
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba atsopano ndikofunikira kuchepetsa nsonga. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo pamene mukudulira, zitsulo zitatu zizisiyidwe pamwamba pa chogwirira. Kutalikitsa kudula, kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mdulidwe uyenera kupangidwa, kuchoka ku mfundo ya maluwa 1-2 masentimita, ndipo iyenera kukhala yolunjika. Pambuyo kudulira, tsinde liyenera kukhala phulusa ndi mafuta a makala, ndipo ngati phesi likufunika kukhazikika, mdulidwe wapansi umapangidwa kukhala oblique.
Zonse zokhudzana ndi kuika kwa monstera
Nkhumba ikhoza kubzalidwa mwamsanga atatembenuka chaka chimodzi. Maluwa aang'ono amasunthira kumalo ena kamodzi pa chaka: mu kasupe, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kosachepera + 16 ° С. Chirombo chazaka zitatu chiyenera kubzalidwa kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri, ndi zaka zisanu-kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi.
Pofuna kubzala, muyenera kusankha miphika yayikulu. Pomwe paliponse paliponse, kukula kwa mphika kumawonjezeka ndi 2-4 masentimita. Pansi pa thanki ndikofunikira kukonza ngalande kuchokera ku shards, miyala, matalala osweka kapena mchenga wambiri. Maluwa a maluwa amafunika kuti pang'onopang'ono acidic kapena nthaka, yomwe ili ndi peat, leafy, humus nthaka, turf ndi mchenga. Mitengo ya Monstera yosatha, nthaka yosavuta imayenda bwino. Kuonjezerapo, chithandizo chiyenera kuikidwa pakati pa mphika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbeuyo ikhale ndi zofunikira zowonjezera maluwa ndi mizu yake. Mukasamukira, chotsani maluwa mosamala mu mphika ndikusunthira ku chidebe chatsopano, ndikuchidzaza pang'onopang'ono ndi dothi. Pambuyo pake, lembani mphika pamwamba ndi pansi ndi madzi bwino. 
Okonda maluwa ena amakhala ndi funso: "Momwe mungayendetsere chilombo ndi mizu ya mlengalenga?". Ndikozani, mumayenera kuyendetsa mizu ndi mvula yambiri ndikuiika pamtengo. Akayamba kulola mizu yaying'ono, ndiye mbali ya tsinde ndi masamba akhoza kudulidwa, kuyikidwa mu chidebe, kuphimba malo odulidwa ndi nthaka. Izi zidzakula maluwa atsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kupatsa chilombocho, muyenera kungobzala mphikawo pansi.
Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera
Ngati simusamala za mbeu, monstera idzayamba kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi komanso matenda osiyanasiyana kapena tizilombo toononga. Ambiri mwawo ndi akangaude ndi nkhanambo. Kangaude mite - Kakung'onoting'ono kakang'ono kofiira kamene kamakonda kukondana ndi kuyanika. Zikuwonekera pamunsikati mwa masamba ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi intaneti. Pofuna kuchiza, gwiritsani ntchito sopo yankho, lomwe limaperekedwa ndi masamba. Patadutsa maola atatu mutatha, masambawo amasamba ndi madzi ofunda.
Shchitovka kapena chitetezeni aphid - tizilombo, omwe adalandira dzina lake chifukwa cha chishango, chomwe chinaphimba thupi lake lonse. Akuluakulu a mtundu wofiirira pa chomera samasunthira, koma mphutsi ndizowonekera ndipo zimayambira nyamakazi mu thupi lonse. Amachulukana mofulumira, ndipo kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa maluwawo amayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi sosa, kuchotsa mphutsi ndi akuluakulu okhala ndi thonje swab. Chitani njirayi mpaka mutayika zowonongeka.
Kulephera kwa kuwala mu chitukuko cha Monstera kungayambitse kudula ndi kutaya masamba, kupotoza tsinde. Madzi akuyambitsa chikasu ndi kuvunda kwa mbale za masamba, ndipo pakakhala kusowa kwa madzi, masamba amasanduka ofiira ndi owuma. Kuperewera kwa zakudya zamasamba kumapangitsa kuoneka kwa slits pa masamba.
Kodi monstera ndi owopsa
Chomera ichi chili ndi madzi owopsa. Akakhudzana ndi khungu, amachititsa kutupa ndi kuwotcha, ndipo akamayamwa, magazi amapezeka m'matumbo komanso kutupa kwakukulu kwa mucosa. Ngakhale kuti thupi la munthu likuchita zotere, m'mayiko ena, mchere wa monstera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena ndipo mothandizidwa amathandiza chitetezo cha anthu odwala.
Kusamalira mbewu sikovuta monga momwe kungawonekere poyamba. Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo onse ndikuganizira kukula kwake, chifukwa akhoza kukula mamita angapo lonse. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti aziyika m'chipinda chachikulu kapena m'munda wachisanu.
