Pelargonium ndi chomera cha herbaceous osatha cha banja la Geranium. Ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 350. Mitundu ya Balsamic, Acidic, Nasturtian ndi a banja limodzi.
Malo obadwira a pelargonium ndi savannah waku South Africa, komwe kuli dzuwa komanso lotentha. Pambuyo pake asayansi adazipeza ku India, Madagascar ndi Australia.
Kufotokozera kwa Pelargonium
Zimayambira zimatha kukhala zowongoka, nthambi, zokwawa. Masamba ndi osavuta, petiolate, dissected, tabular, yokutidwa ndi villi yaying'ono. Chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zofunikira zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la zonunkhira. Mtundu wawo umayang'aniridwa ndi zobiriwira, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Maluwa ndi ang'ono, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumambule inflorescence, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi pafupi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyala ya 5, yosiyana kukula. Mitundu mukuswana kwamakono ndi yosiyana. Mwamwambo, oyera, ofiira komanso ofiira.
Pomera limodzi nthawi imodzi, mutha kuwona masamba osaphuka, masango akutulutsa maluwa, maluwa owala.
Mbewu zipsa mu bokosi la zipatso. Ikatseguka, imakhala ngati mtanda wa dokowe. Izi zikufotokozera dzina loti pelargonium, lomwe potanthauzira limatanthawuza chisamba.
Ku Russia, ulemerero wa duwa laling'ono lam'kati adakhazikika mwa iye, ndipo ku Europe, m'malo mwake, amawonedwa ngati duwa la aristocrats. Chomera chotchuka kwambiri ku USA.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dimba, pochita ma tawuni, chifukwa ndiosasinthika komanso mtengo wokwera kubereka. Ndipo mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakulolani kuti mukwaniritse ntchito zomanga zilizonse.
Kusiyana pakati pa pelargonium ndi geranium
Chomera chimadziwika bwino monga geranium. Koma sichoncho. Malo obadwira a pelargonium ndi gawo lakumwera kwa dziko lapansi; geranium idabadwira kumpoto. Chifukwa chake kusiyana kwawo kuzizira. Nthawi zambiri pelargonium ndi chomera chamkati, geranium ndi mbewu yobzala. Kudutsa geraniums ndi pelargonium, ndizosatheka kupeza mbewu.
Ngakhale kuti awa ndi mitundu yosiyana ya banja limodzi, ali ofanana:
- wonyoza
- kukula msanga - mpaka 30 cm pachaka;
- zosavuta kuswana;
- M'nyumba pachimake chaka chonse.
Akatswiri amatha kusiyanitsa mtundu umodzi ndi wina, ndipo olima maluwa wamba sakonda kufunikira kwake.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya pelargonium
M'mabuku apadera, pelargonium imaphunziridwa bwino, mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina imawonetsedwa. Kutchuka kwambiri:
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Zonal | Ambiri. Ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 75,000. Woyamba kukula m'nyumba zamaluwa zamaluwa. Dzinali limaperekedwa ndi gawo loyatsa m'munsi mwa pepalalo. Amaluwa kwambiri, amaponyera mpaka ma 10 maulendo pa nthawi imodzi. Ili ndi fungo la geranium. |
| Rosebud | Maluwa ali ngati maluwa abwinoko. Mtundu wazithunzi zonse zofiira, zapinki. Mitundu ina imapakidwa matalala, nsomba, pichesi, lalanje. |
| Tulip wokhala ndi mawonekedwe | Masamba otseguka osawoneka bwino |
| Terry | Duwa lililonse limakhala ndi miyala yoposa 9. |
| Osati-pawiri | Maluwa amakhala ndi mitundu 5 yofanana, yolimba. Masamba ndi osiyanasiyana. |
| Zonunkhira | Masamba ali otalikirana mwamphamvu, wozungulira mpaka 5 cm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamankhwala, mankhwala apakhomo, mankhwala onunkhira. Chiritsani mpweya mchipindacho. |
| Epithelial (wokwanira) | Masamba ndi osalala, mphukira zokwawa ndizitali. Mwambiri, zobiriwira zimafanana ndi ivy. Maluwa a Terry, bicolor (nusu-wofiirira) yoyera yobiriwira. |
| Royal | Mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Zimafunika chisamaliro chachikulu kuposa ena. Osiyanasiyana komanso okwera maluwa ambiri. Maluwa ndi akulu, odzala, mpaka 7 cm mulifupi. Ziphuphu nthawi zonse zimakhala ziwiri-toni. Mitundu yofiirira, yapinki, yofiirira imapambana. Tchire ndilamphamvu, mpaka 50c wamtali, masamba ali ofanana ndi masamba a mapulo. |
| Mngelo | Ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono komanso zitsamba zokwawa. Maluwa si akulu, koma okongola kwambiri ndi miyala yamitundu yayitali yoyera ndi burgundy. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Chimawoneka bwino pakupachika maluwa. |
Kukula kwa pelargonium kunyumba
Chomera chimakhala chosasamalidwa bwino, choyenera kuyambitsa wamaluwa, chifukwa chimakula mwachangu, chimamasula bwino, ndikufalikira mosavuta.
Malo / Kuwala
Pelargonium amakonda malo owunikira bwino, samawopa kuwunika mwachindunji. Kuwongolera kumalepheretsa kutentha, ndipo saopa kukonzekanso.
Chomera sichikuopa kusintha malo. Indanior geraniums tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziwunikira mbali zosiyanasiyana pakuwala, kuti korona amakula moyenerera.
Kutentha
+ 20 ... +25 ° C - kutentha woyenera posamalira pelargonium kunyumba.
M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu ina, koma osati yonse, imatha kuyikidwa pa khonde lowoneka bwino kapena pakhonde, pomwe mpweya umawotha mpaka + 5 ... +15 ° C. Ndikofunikira pakadali pano kuteteza mbewu pamtunda.
Chinyezi
Pelargonium imakonda mpweya wouma ndi mpweya wonyowa. Kotero zikhalidwe za zipinda zodziwika bwino ndizomukwanira. Zomera zomwe zimafunikira manyowa ndi zoyipa kwa iye.
Kuwaza pelargonium sikulimbikitsidwa. Madontho a madzi amakhalabe pa villi ndipo amatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka, ndipo ndikayatsidwa ndi dzuwa, gwiritsani ntchito ngati mandala ndikuwotcha kwamoto.
Kuthirira
Pelargonium amalimbana ndi chilala, kuthirira duwa kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso pokhapokha nthaka itayuma.
Kuyang'ana ngati nthawi yakwana madzi ndi yosavuta. Muyenera kukhudza pansi dothi mumphika ndi zala zanu. Ngati dothi silimamatirira ku zala, koma limatha, chomera chimatha kuthiriridwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Chomera chimafuna nthaka yachonde, yopepuka, yoyesedwa.
Maluwa ochulukirapo komanso opitilira nthawi yayitali amapereka chakudya chokhazikika - 1 nthawi pasabata. Mutha kuwonjezera feteleza pang'ono ndende (pafupifupi 1: 10 yanthawi zonse) ndi kuthirira kulikonse.
Madzi aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi maluwa oyenda m'nyumba ndi oyenera. Njira yotsikirako imagwiritsidwanso ntchito - feteleza a kristalo, omwe mu mawonekedwe owuma amathiridwa pansi. Kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono nthawi yothirira, amalowa pansi.
Mu dormancy yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumayimitsidwa. Mu kasupe, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zobiriwira zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
Thirani
Lemberani dothi losakanizika ndi dothi, lomwe limagulitsidwa m'misika yamaluwa, kapena lokonzekera palokha. Kuti muchite izi, tengani magawo awiri a munda wamtunda, peat, mchenga wa 1, gawo limodzi la humus.
Kuti muchotse dothi, dothi lokwanira limayikidwa pansi pa thankiyo.
Mukabzala, mbewuyo siidyetsedwa kwa mwezi umodzi, kupatsa nthawi yosinthira. Nthaka yatsopanoyo ili ndi michere yokwanira yokukula.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Geranium Yanyumba imakonda malo. Sakonda kuyandikira pafupi ndi mbewu zina, ndipo iyenso amafunika kupatulira, kupindika ndi kukongoletsa korona.
Zotsatira zake, mphukira zamtundu zimapangidwa, maluwa adzachulukana, ndipo zinthu zabwino kwambiri zobzala zidzapezedwa ndi nthambi zodulidwa.
Kudulira ndikusintha komanso nyengo.
Kupangidwe kwa korona mu mitundu yowongoka komanso yayikulu ndikosiyana, nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungafune kupeza munthu payekha.
Akuluakulu mu kugwa pambuyo maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani masamba owuma, kufupikitsa, kufooka komanso kufooka. Kuyeza kumeneku kumathandizira kuti pelargonium ipirire bwino nthawi yopuma komanso kupumula kwathunthu.
Mutha kuyandikira njirayi mosadukiza ndikungodula zitsamba zonse za 5-6 masentimita kuchokera panthaka, ndikusiya masamba ochepa okha. Pofika masika, mitengo ikuluikulu imakutidwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Izi zomwe zimatchedwa kukonzanso mbewu zimachitika.
Nthawi yanyengo mu masika, ngati korona wayamba kukulira mosiyanasiyana.
Simungagwiritse ntchito lumo wamba yemwe amagawanitsa zitsulo, kuchiritsidwa kwawo kumatenga nthawi yayitali komanso kulimbana. Dulani nthambi ndi masamba ndi mpeni wakuthwa m'munda kapena scalpel pamodzi ndi chopendekera pamwamba pa tsamba loyang'anizana ndi chitsamba.
Pamapeto pa njirayi, zigawo zimakonkhedwa ndi malasha ophwanyika kuti musafe.
Kuswana
Pelargonium ya nyumbayi imayalidwa ndi zodulidwa ndi mbewu.
Kuti mupeze mizu, tengani zodula 6-8 masentimita, kusiya masamba angapo athanzi. Kuti mbewu zikule msanga, zimamizidwa mu zokupatsani mphamvu (Kornevin) ndikuzibzala mumiphika yoti mbande.
Popeza pelargonium sakonda malo okhala chinyezi, malo obzala saphimba ndipo sapopera. Kuthirira pang'ono kokha ndikofunikira. Pakatha milungu iwiri, yopitilira mwezi umodzi, mizu yathunthu imapangidwa ndipo amatha kuisintha mumiphika yokhazikika pansi chifukwa cha pelargonium.
Mukasindikiza nsonga za mbewu, muyenera kutsina, ndiye kuti kukula korona ukuyamba. Maluwa oyamba amapezeka patatha katatu, nthawi zambiri - miyezi isanu.
Mbewu za Pelargonium zimafesedwa mu zidutswa 1-2 m'magalasi ang'onoang'ono ndi mapiritsi a peat kapena peat. Ndi njira iyi yokukula, simudzafunika kuyenda pansi, mbande izika mizu mwachangu.
Chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu chimayikidwa pamalo otentha, owala, omwe amakhala osungunuka nthawi zonse kuchokera ku botolo lothira kuti kutumphuka kwa nthaka kusapangike, kumapangitsa kuti kumere kukhale kovuta. Mbewu zamera tsiku la 5.
Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, kuthirira kumasinthidwa ndi kuthilira. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyatsa nyali yakumbuyo kuti musatseke zikumera. Mbewu zikamera ndikulimba, tsinani timitu pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu.
Maluwa oyamba abwera m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Pelargonium kukula mavuto, matenda, tizirombo
| Mawonekedwe a masamba | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Omwe amachepera chikasu ndikugwa, tsinde limawululidwa. | Kuwala kosakwanira | Sinthani malowa kukhala chowalira. |
| Brown, kuphika kwa ashen. | Kukula, komwe kunayambitsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, monga dzimbiri kapena zowola imvi. | Ngati kuwonongeka pang'ono, chotsani zimayambira, ikirani. Ndi chomera cholimba, sizingatheke kupulumutsa chonse, mutha kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwewo pogwiritsa ntchito zodula zathanzi kuti muzu. |
| Tizilombo pamasamba ndi dothi, timatha kudziwa ntchito zawo zofunika kwambiri, ukonde wa intaneti pa mitengo ikuluikulu. | Ma thrips, mbewa yoyera, mbewa wa mbewu, ndi zina zambiri. | Chotsani mbali zowonongeka kwambiri, muzitsuka ndi sopo ndi madzi, khalani ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi Actellic mtundu wa aerosol. |
Zothandiza zimatha pelargonium, contraindication
Magawo obiriwira a chomera ali ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira. Medical ndi magawo onse a pelargonium: maluwa, masamba, mizu. Muli mavitamini, mchere, osakhazikika, ma tannins, sucrose, pectin, flavonoids, ndi zina zambiri.
Imakhala ndi antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, he hetaticatic, machiritso a zilonda, okodzetsa, osokoneza bongo komanso odana ndi khansa.
Msuzi ndi tiyi ndizothandiza kumwa kuti mulimbikitse kwambiri thupi. Mafuta ofunikira adayikamo zofunikira zonse za mmera. Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati, amawagwiritsa ntchito kunja, malo osambira ndi inhalations amapangidwa. Tchire lodziwika bwino la pawargonium pawindo lawokha limatha kukonza mkati mwa nyumba yaying'ono. Amakhulupirira kuti zimathandizira kusunga mgwirizano m'mabanja.
