Kwa zaka zambiri, hawthorn amadziwika ngati chomera chamtchire komanso zovuta zonse za "zakutchire" - zokolola zochepa, kukoma pang'ono. Koma ichi ndi chomera chothandiza kwambiri, chomwe zipatso zake ndi zokometsera, ndizokoma, zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso monga zida za jamu, jams ndi compotes. Masamba ndi maluwa amaonedwa kuti ndi ochiritsa. Ntchito pakusintha mtundu wa haythorn yachilengedwe yakhala ikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo masiku ano mitundu yomwe ingaganizidwe kuti ndiyo yapamwamba kwambiri yapangidwa.
Nkhani
Olemba oyambirirawo omwe adatsimikiza kuti anthu adziwa kuti hawthorn ndi chomera champhamvu chamankhwala cha mu Greek Greece. Azungu adazindikira chikhalidwe cha machiritso koyambirira kwa Middle Ages. Ku Russia, hawthorn ali ndi dzina lotchuka - mbuye, wolemekezeka, mitengo yaulemu, ndipo amalemekezedwa ndi ulemu.
Zinthu zonse zamitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya hawthorn
Ponseponse, pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya mbewuyi imadziwika padziko lapansi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake - kuyambira kumapiri otsika mpaka mitengo yayitali. Zambiri mwa izo ndi zomera zosowa kwa ife. Mitundu 47 imamera ku Russia. Zambiri mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi hawthorn, punctate hawthorn ndi hawthorn wamagazi ofiira.
Hawthorn - chomera chokongoletsera ndi zipatso zopatsa thanzi
Hawthorn ndi chomera cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu chophimba dera pansi pa chisoti chachifumu chotalika mpaka 4 m kuya kwambiri. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze chitsamba ndi zinthu zofunika zomanga ndi chinyezi panthaka yochepa komanso pazaka youma. Sizimazizira ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri, chifukwa chake malo ogawikirako kumpoto ndi ochulukirapo kuposa mitengo ina yazipatso.
Hawthorn sakonda kugwedezeka
Osagwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tonse. Sakonda shading, makamaka kuchokera kumwera, chifukwa simungathe kubzala hawthorn pamakoma akumpoto a nyumba, makamaka zapamwamba. Madambo otsika, okhala ndi dothi lokhazikika kwambiri amakhalanso otsutsana.
Zosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana za hawthorn zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu - zipatso, zokongoletsera zipatso komanso zokongoletsera. Ngakhale, zoona, mitundu yazipatso ili ndi phindu lake lokongoletsa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mtengo wabzalidwa - kuti udzakololedwe kapena kukongola.
Hafu-poto
Zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zosankhidwa posankha mitundu yabwino kwambiri yovomerezeka kuchokera ku hawthorn semi-zofewa. Zabwino kwambiri pankhani ya zipatso komanso zipatso. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zofiira, chokoma kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yabwino imabala zipatso zosaposa yamatcheri, yamatcheri ndi ma plums, omwe ndi ambiri m'minda yazipatso. Tchire limakhala lanzeru kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuvuta kukolola. Kuchepetsa mochedwa, zipatso zimatha kunyamulidwa ku ozizira kwambiri.
Toba
Chabwino chokongoletsa kalasi ya kusankha Canada. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira sikukutsika kuposa mitundu yamderali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo m'minda ndi m'mapaki, koma monga mtengo woyima pawokha, chifukwa sakonda kugwedezeka ndipo imakula bwino m'malo otseguka dzuwa. Imatha kukula mpaka 6-7 m kutalika. Zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu mawonekedwe wamba. Ili ndi korona lofalikira, nthawi zambiri imapanga chitsamba champhamvu, koma nthawi zina imatha kumera ndi thunthu limodzi. Zipatso ndi zofiira, zozungulira bwino, zazikulu, koma ochepa.
Maluwa a Toba hawthorn nthawi yamaluwa amasintha mtundu kuchokera kwa oyera mpaka pinki
Daursky
Amabala zipatso bwino, komanso ali ndi phindu lokongoletsa. Mtunduwo, monga mtundu wa Toba, umatha kukhala wopanda zitsamba ndi mtengo ngati mtengo umodzi, koma Daursky ndi wamfupi kuposa Toba, pafupifupi mita 1.5. Uli ndi minga mpaka 2,5 cm. Limamasula maluwa oyera mkati mwa Meyi. Zipatso zimapsa mu September. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse, pafupifupi 1 cm, amatha kukhala osiyana mitundu - wachikaso, lalanje ndi ofiira.
Mitundu ya Daursky imagawidwa mopitilira Urals, ku Siberia ndi Far East, komanso kunja kwa Russia, ku Mongolia ndi China.
Masamba a Daursky ali ndi lilac hue yeniyeni
Paul Scarlett
Imawoneka pakati pa abale ndikuwonetsedwa monga osiyanasiyana kale m'zaka za zana la 19. Chimakula kaya ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo wokhala ndi thunthu limodzi. Osati lalitali kwambiri. Korona ndiwotupa, wowonda kwambiri, m'lifupi amatha kukula mpaka mamita 3. Amaphuka nthawi zonse zamitundu yonse, pakati pa Meyi-koyambirira kwa Juni, koma nthawi yamaluwa ndiyotalikirapo, pafupifupi masabata awiri. Maluwa ofiira osowa, ofunikira kwambiri a hawthorn. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina komanso kuti siimatha kusankha dzuŵa, limaloleza kutembenuka. Paul Scarlett amapereka zipatso zochepa, kotero mutha kuziwona ngati zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana.
Maluwa a hawthorn Paul Scarlett amatha pafupifupi masabata awiri
Volzhsky
Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pakukula kwake ndi kukula kwa korona ndi masamba. Mwachidule, osapitirira 3 m, samamera chitsamba, koma mtengo wokha. Crohn ngakhale osakonza ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa ozungulira.
Mitundu ya Volzhsky imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba osema ngati mapulo.
Dzinali limafotokoza komwe adachokera. Kugawidwa mdera la Volga. Wofunika kwambiri pakulimba, amakhalabe ndi zokongoletsa kwa zaka 40. Kuposa ena kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Momwe mungabzalale hawthorn
Kufalikira ndi mbande ya hawthorn, zodula, kudula, mbewu ndi kumalumikiza.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yodalirika yopeza ndi kukumba kanyumba kamodzi kapena kamwana ka zaka 2-3. Ndiosavuta kugula mbewu zamtundu womwe umakula mu nazale. Ana azaka ziwiri azisankha bwino.
Kudula
Kufalikira kwa hawthorn ndi zodula kumakhala koyenera pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa mitundu yotsala kapena yosowa, yomwe ndiyovuta kupeza mbande. Kudula kwa hawthorn kumazika mizu kwambiri, nthawi zonse kumachokera anthu ambiri. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zodulidwa kuti mupeze mbande zonse, zaka 4 zidutsa. Ndipo palibe amene angatsimikize zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yayitali imeneyi, ngakhale njira zazitali komanso zovuta za sayansi zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa.
Kuyika
Kubwezeretsanso masanjidwe kumakhala kosavuta komanso kothokoza.
- Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mphukira wazaka 1-2 zimapezeka pachitsamba chachikulire cha hawthorn.
- Konzani poyambira ndi akuya masentimita 10-12.
- Mmenemo amapinda pansi ndikuwombera pansi ndi bulaketi wachitsulo, ndikudzaza ndi dziko lapansi, kusiya korona yekhayo wokhala ndi masamba 5-8 pamwamba.
- Musanadzaze mphukira, imakokedwa pansi ndi waya womata kuti muchepetse chakudya kuchokera ku chomera. Izi zimathandizira mapangidwe a zigawo zawo.
- M'nyengo yotentha, kugawa kumatsitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Kuti nthambiyo ikhale yopanda kanthu, muyenera kuwaza nthaka, pamwamba mungathe kuthira mulch - humus, peat, dothi lozungulira, singano.
- Zotsatira zake, pofika m'dzinja mudzalandira zigawo zokhazikitsidwa, zomwe zitha kuikidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Nthawi zina, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika osati kamodzi, koma nyengo ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zigawo zina zimakhala ndi mizu yofooka.
Pofika kugwa, nthambiyo imatulutsa mizu yakeyokha
Kufalikira ndi mizu
Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, mphukira zazing'ono zimapezeka zomwe zimakula pafupi ndi thunthu. Pukutani ndi mizu yaying'ono, kuti musawononge mizu yakale ya mbeuyo. Adabzala m'malo osakhalitsa. Lotsatira, kuphuka kwa mmera kudzaonekera. Ngati ali ndi moyo ndipo akupitilizabe kukula, zitheka kumuchotsa kumtunda wokhazikika, ndi nyambo yayikulu, kuti tisawononge mizu yaying'ono. Itha kuziika zonse mu nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira yotsatira, mchaka chimodzi.
Katemera
Malamulowa omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumata kwa hawthorn komanso polumikiza mitengo yazipatso iliyonse. Koma pali zina zapadera.
- chitsa chabwino kwambiri mwina ndi chitsamba china cha hawthorn, chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi china chake, kapena phulusa lofiira paphiri. Kuphatikiza apo, phulusa la paphiri, kuchuluka kopulumuka ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo ndizotheka kukulitsa malo okhala phulusa mosavuta ndi mizu;
- jambulani moto woyamba, koma masamba asanaphuke;
- gwiritsani ntchito mitengo ya zaka ziwiri yolimba pafupifupi 1 cm, ndipo nthambi zammbali za scion, monga zimachitidwira ndikalumikiza mitengo ina, sizingachotsedwe.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu za hawthorn zimakhala ndi "manyowa" ambiri omwe sangathe kumera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zingapo pamtunda wa 10-15 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Mbewu za hawthorn ziyenera kukonzedwa musanabzalidwe
Mbewu zakonzeka kubzala mu imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:
- tengani mbale ndi madzi otentha ndi madzi oundana. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'thumba lopangidwa ndi nsalu zachilengedwe ndikuviika m'madzi otentha ndi otentha kwa mphindi 0,5 kufikira mbewu zitatupa, ndikukula kukula - izi ziwoneka;
- njere zimayikidwa mchidebe ndi madzi ofunda ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha kwa masiku angapo.
Mtengo wa mbewu umamera kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyengo ziwiri zoyambirira zowombera zimangokulira ndi 10 cm zokha pachaka. Koma kuyambira chaka chachitatu chikuyamba kukula mwachangu.
Tikufika masiku osiyanasiyana
Mbeu iliyonse - kuchokera kudula, kudula, mizu, kuchokera ku mbewu ku Central Europe mbali ya Russia zimabzalidwe zonse mu kasupe (m'ma Epulo) ndi nthawi yophukira (pakati pa Okutobala). Kwa Dera la Moscow, mawuwa ayenera kusinthidwa kwa masiku 5-7, ku dera la Kumpoto ndi West - kwa masiku 7-10 kufikira nyengo yotentha - kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Kummwera kwa Black Earth, masiku amenewa amasunthidwa mbali ina. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa, koyamba ikamatera imachitika mchaka kenako kumapeto.
Tekinoloje yotsala yonse ya chisamaliro cha hawthorn ndi chimodzimodzi kwa zigawo zonse za Russia, komwe hawthorn imamva bwino, kuphatikizapo Siberia ndi Far East.
Zosamalidwa
Ngakhale akupirira komanso kusagonja, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti munyengo zabwino kwambiri za hawthorn zimakula bwino.
- Mukabzala dothi losafunikira kwenikweni, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa humus wapamwamba kwambiri ndi phulusa la nkhuni mu dzenje lobzala pamlingo wa 0,5 l pa 10 l nthaka.
- Hawthorn adzafunika thandizo lanu m'malo ovuta - M'chilimwe mu chilala chotalika, ndikofunikira kupukuta nthaka molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa korona. M'nyengo yozizira, chisanu pansipa -40zaC, makamaka zazitali, muyenera kuponyera thunthu ndi chipale chofikira momwe mungathere.
- Ngati m'chilimwe mbewu yake ikadagundidwa ndi tizirombo, zomwe ndizosowa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zalimbikitsidwa makamaka pa mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo. Koma poyambira, mutha kuyesa kuthetsa vutoli m'njira yosavuta - kuti mufewe korona ndi phulusa la fodya ndi phulusa lamatenthe mu 1: 1.
Kudulira
M'mlengalenga wowunikira, hawthorn, monga lamulo, amapanga korona woyenera yekha. Chifukwa chake, pazaka zambiri zokha zimafuna kudulira mwaukhondo ndi odana ndi ukalamba. Ndikudulira mwaukhondo, nthambi zonse zouma, zosweka ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa.
Kudulira okalamba kumafunikira ku tchire lomwe lili ndi zaka zolemekezeka. Nthambi zakale zachotsedwa. M'malo mwake, atsopano adzamera ndipo adzabala zipatso.
Nthawi zina, chitsamba chikakula kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zokulira mkati kuti ziwunikire mkati mwazomera ndikukula zipatso.
Kuyesera mitundu yokongoletsera
Kuchepetsa tchire lokongoletsera kumachitika pazolinga zosiyana kwambiri - muyenera kupatsa chisoti mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Hawthorn imasulira kudulira kulikonse mosavuta ndipo imapanga mphukira zatsopano. Kupatsa chitsamba mawonekedwe aliwonse ndizosavuta kuposa mitundu ina ya mbewu. Mutha kupeza korona mu mawonekedwe a mpira kapena lalikulu, koma izi sizingofunika kudulira kokha, komanso kudula masamba ndi mphukira, komanso kangapo pamnyengo.
Zokha, hawthorn imatha kumera zonse ngati chitsamba, komanso ngati mtengo.
Pofuna kutsimikizira hawthorn mu mawonekedwe a mtengo, kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukula kwa mmera, amangodula nthambi zonse zomwe zimachokera pansi, kupatula chimodzi, chapakati, champhamvu kwambiri komanso chowongoka. Mutha kuyamba kusintha chitsamba kukhala mtengo pakatha zaka, koma pakuchita izi mudzachepetsa korona wa mbewuyo kangapo. Kenako thunthu limodzi lidzapanga nthambi zatsopano, koma zimatenga zaka.
Kudulira nthambi zazikulu kumachitika nthawi yozizira, pomwe sipadzakhala kuyamwa. Tsitsi, m'malo mwake, munthawi yotentha.
Kuti apange hawthorn pa tsinde, kudulira kuyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro.
Zofunikira Zowunikira ndi Mpanda Live
Mutha kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito nthito za hawthorn ngati mipanda yazachilengedwe, yopanda malire chifukwa chaminga. Komabe, chomeracho chimakonda kuunikira bwino, ndipo hedgeyo imafuna kubzala wandiweyani. Mthunziwo umaphukira ndikubereka zipatso zoyipa kwambiri. Mizu yotalikirapo imafunikira malo ndi kakhazikidwe kosachepera 3-4 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, komanso moyenera pafupifupi 5 m.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kubzala hawthorn wokhala ndi khoma lolimba, koma pamapeto pake mudzapeza nkhonya zamtchire zoponderezedwa, kupikisana ndikuwala komwe kumakula mbali zonse, kupatula kunja kwa tsamba. Tchire zimayenera kumakidwa nthawi zonse, kudulira, kuzula mizu kuzungulira mbali zonse, kudula kangapo nthawi yachilimwe. Ndipo izi ndi ntchito yambiri komanso nthawi yambiri, makamaka mukaganizira kuti muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi nthambi zamasewera zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuvulaza.
Chingwe cha hawthorn chimafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro
Kanema: Zinthu zomwe zikukula za hawthorn
Ndemanga pa kulima kwa hawthorn
Mtundu wokoma kwambiri komanso wamkulu wa Arnoll, wokhala ndi chitumbuwa chabwino - alipo. Pamwambowo, adadula zingapo, tsopano ndiziwasungira m'chipinda chapansi pa garaja ndikupanga kuwabzala mu kasupe pambewu zomwe zidalipo m'derali. Ndinadabwa ndi kukula kwa zipatsozo, ndipo sindinalole kukoma - koma kunalibe mbewu!
matchevik //www.forumhouse.ru/threads/133285/
Mutha kufalitsa mbewu za hawthorn. Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kudikira kuti zipatso ziyambike ndipo palibe amene akutsimikizira kuti mbande ibwerezanso chomera chawocho. Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti agwirizanitse nthawi yopanga zipatso ndikufalitsa mitundu yomwe mukufuna.
Andy //forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4161&start=15
Mnansi wathu atabzala hawthorn, mwana wake wamwamuna ananena kuti sangadikire zotsatira zake. Ndipo adatha kufikira mpaka mamita 4. Chovuta ndichimodzi - iwo amatumphukira mchaka chachiwiri. Ndina katemera, ndikosavuta kupatsidwa katemera. Ndidabzala chofiira ndi mizere yayikulu chakuda ndi phulusa laphiri.
Mkaka //www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=366300
Hawthorn ndi chomera chodabwitsa! Sikuti imangokhala ngati udzu wokongola womwe sungathe kulowa, komanso imalekerera pafupifupi chilichonse ndipo nthaka iliyonse, imangofunika mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimalekerera shading (dzuwa, mthunzi pang'ono). Mitundu ya hawthorns imakhala ndi mitundu ndi ma hybrids, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, omwe ali ndi masamba owala a yophukira masamba. Pali ma terry hybrids.
Goldfish //www.catalogdesign.ru/forum/thread257.html
Hawthorn amayenera kulemekezedwa. Ngati chitsamba chomera ichi chikamera m'munda mwanu, kumbukirani kuti iyi ndi mphatso yachilengedwe, chuma chokoma, zipatso zabwino zomwe nthawi zambiri sitimazindikira ndipo sitimayamikira. Ndipo amatha kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi thanzi. Sikovuta kukula kwa hawthorn, ngakhale wamtchire novice amatha kupirira malamulo osavuta osamalira.
