Chiwombankhanga crocus maluwa ndi chitsamba chosatha, dzina lina lomwe liri kolhikum. Chomera ichi ndichoyimira banja losatha, mtundu wa maluwa osatha. Ambiri a kolhikum ku Asia (pakati ndi kumadzulo), Africa (kumpoto), Europe, Mediterranean. Mitundu yoposa 60 ya maluwa tsopano imadziwika ndipo imafotokozedwa. Kolhikum - duwa ndi lalifupi lalifupi tsinde, masamba a autumn crocus, wobiriwira wobiriwira, lanceolate, ochepa. Masamba amayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndipo amafa nthawi ya chilimwe. Mbali ya m'munsi ya chomeracho ili ndi chubu, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku corm yomwe ili ndi chipolopolo chofiira. Maluwa ndi perianth zimakula palimodzi ndikukhala mu duwa lalitali (ngati 20 cm).
Mukudziwa? Yankho la funso: Kodi Dicorcides amapereka chomera chakupha, chomwe chinati sikuti maluwawo ali ndi poizoni okha, komanso omwe ali pansi.
Kawirikawiri crocus ya autumn imamveka mu autumn, koma pali mitundu ya maluwa ya masika. M'nkhaniyi, timayang'anitsitsa mitundu ya maluwa otuluka m'dzinja ndi masika.
Mitengo ya maluwa otentha
Spring colchicum - pafupifupi maluwa okongola. Zimasiyana chifukwa kukula kwa masamba kumayamba nthawi yomweyo. Chimake cha maluwa kugwa pa May, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe fruiting chimayamba, ndipo maluwa amauma. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya colchicum yomwe imatuluka pachimake.
Kolhikum Ankarsky (Bieberstein kapena masamba atatu)
Colchicum ancyrense ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'madera a Black Sea, omwe ali ku Crimea ndi madera ena a Moldova. Izi sizinthu zokhazokha zokha, koma ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya crocus crocus. Kolkhikum Ankarsky - chomera. Kuchokera ku tuber imodzi ikhoza kuwonekera mpaka mitundu eyiti. Mitundu itatuyi inatchulidwa kuti maluwawo akuzunguliridwa ndi masamba atatu a lanceolate. Kutalika kwa duwa ndi 10-15 masentimita. Mtundu wa pakhosi ndi lilac-pinki. Mbalame yotentha crocus blooms kumayambiriro kwa masika, maluwa amatha masiku 10-12, kenako maluwawo amafa ndi masamba. 
Ndikofunikira! Colchicus Ankara amalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera la Ukraine.
Kolhikum Hungarian
Colchicus Hungarian - mitundu ya masika, yomwe inayambidwa zaka 20 zapitazo ndi Antoine Hog. Ndizitsamba zosatha pang'onopang'ono ndi masamba a lanceolate omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwake. Maluwawo akhoza kupaka utoto woyera, wofiira wofiira kapena wofiirira. Maluwa amasiyana ndi anthers. Mphukira kumayambiriro kwa masika. Masamba amaoneka ndi kufota ndi maluwa. 
Kolhikum madzi wokonda
Kolhikum-wokonda madzi - chomera chomwe chimamasula kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ndi chilimwe chakumwalira kale. Chomerachi chimakula mpaka masentimita 10-20 Maluwa okwana 4 mpaka 8 amachokera ku babu. Petals amakula mpaka 2-3 masentimita m'litali ndipo amangolowera kunja. Pamodzi ndi masamba, chisanu chimasungunuka, masamba a lanceolate amawoneka. Maluwa pinki, wofiirira, woyera, ndi pinki kapena wofiirira. 
Mukudziwa? Mbali yamkati ya madzi okonda colchicum ndi mau awiri kuwala kuposa kunja.
Kolhikum chikasu
Colchicum luteum kapena autumn crocus chikasu choyamba chafotokozedwa ndi I. Baker mu 1874. Maziko anali chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa ndi Thomas ndi Kashmir. Ichi ndi chomera chamchere chokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi. Masamba a mitundu iyi ndi ofanana, amawoneka mkati mwa maluwa. Pa phesi limodzi nthawi zambiri maluwa amodzi, koma nthawi zina amakhala 2-3. Maluwa amawoneka opapatiza, opangidwa ndi chikasu chowala kapena golide wachikasu. Duwa limayamba pachimake kumapeto kwa March, ndipo nyengoyi ikupitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku Kazakhstan. 
Kolhikum puchkovaty
Colchicum colchicum (Colchicum fasciculare) nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumpoto kwa Libya, Lebanon ndi Israel. Kolhikum puchkovaty - herbaceous chomera 10-20 cm mu msinkhu. Masambawa ndi grooved, lanceolate, amaloza pafupi ndi nsonga. Kutalika kwa masamba kungaphatikizane ndi kutalika kwa tsinde ndipo kufika 20 cm. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mumagulu a zidutswa zingapo, akhoza kujambula mu pinki yofiira kapena yoyera. Maluwa ndi masamba amaoneka nthawi imodzi, chisanu chitatha.
Kolhikum Regel
Regel yobiriwira yakhala ikudziwika mu chikhalidwe kuyambira 1881, koma idabwera ku Ulaya mu 1905. Mitundu imeneyi imaphulika patangotha chisanu. 
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi yochepa-nyengo imalekerera kuzizira ndipo imayima kutentha mpaka -23° sKolkhikum Regel - mankhwala osatha 10-25 masentimita wamtali. Masamba ndi mapeto omveka, lanceolate. Pochita zomera ndi maluwa, amasintha kukula kwake. Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa - 1-2 masentimita, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula - masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Masambawa ndi opapatiza, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 1. Maluwawo amakhala ofanana ndi mapeyala, mpaka zidutswa zinayi zikhoza kuikidwa pa tsinde limodzi. Maluwa oyera, mbali yakunja ndi mzere wofiira kapena wofiirira. Pakati pa duwa - zida za chikasu.
Yophukira maluwa colchicum
Mitundu ya autumn crocus ndi yofala pakati pa alimi a maluwa kusiyana ndi kasupe. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nthawi yophukira autumn crocus ndi chakuti chomeracho chimamasula pamene maluwa ambiri aphuka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya autumn maluwa colchicum. Zambiri za iwo ziyankhulane.
Kolhikum Agrippa (motley)
Colchicum agrippinum ndilo chomera chofala kwambiri ku Asia Minor. Maluwa akhoza kukula mpaka masentimita 40 mu msinkhu. Korm ndi yofanana ndi mazira, 2 masentimita awiri. Masamba atatu kapena anayi a mawonekedwe obiriwira a mtundu wa lanceolate, amodzimodzi, ngati mazira onse a autumn, pang'ono. Maluwa ofiira amaikidwa pa zidutswa zitatu. pa phesi limodzi. Masamba amaoneka pakatikati pa kasupe, ndipo maluwa imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo imatha mpaka m'mawa. 
Mukudziwa? Ena amalima maluwa amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu wa wosakanizidwa ndiwotuluka chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa autumn crocus autumn ndi autumn crocus motley.
Kolhikum Bornmyullera
Kolhikum Bornmullera - maluwa obiriwira, omwe amapezeka ku Syria, Iran, Asia Minor. Anabweretsedwa ku chikhalidwe m'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi I. Bornmüller. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu omwe amakula 12-15 masentimita ndi chubu m'litali ndi masentimita 8. Iwo ndi pinki, wofiirira pamunsi. Mitundu imeneyi imaonedwa kuti ikuchedwa (imamera mu September ndipo imathera maluwa ndi chisanu). Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imadziwika ndi maluŵa akuluakulu komanso opanda mtundu wofiirira m'munsi.
Kolhikum wokongola
Nthawi yotentha crocus imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku South Caucasus (kumadzulo ndi kummawa), ku Turkey ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Kolhikum ndi chomera chosasunthika chotchedwa herbaceous, chomwe chimakula kufika 50 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi aakulu kwambiri - masentimita 30 ndi utali wa masentimita 6, wowala wobiriwira, amafa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pamphepete imodzi mwa maluwa atatu a lilac-pinki akhoza kuikidwa. Mitundu imeneyi yadziwika kuyambira 1874 ndipo inakhala kholo la mitundu yambiri yambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pansi masoka achilengedwe Kolhikum zazikulu sikuti amapanga mbewu.Mitunduyi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku minkhamina migodi.
Kolhikum Byzantine
M'mawa wa autumn croz byzantine wakhala akudziwika pakati pa alimi amaluwa kuyambira mu 1597. Uku ndiko kuyang'ana kokongoletsera, komwe kunamangidwa kale kwambiri, koma sikunayambe kufalitsidwa kwakukulu. Maluwa okwana 12 a mtundu wa lilac-pinki amakula kuchokera ku corm imodzi, yomwe imalemera masentimita 7. Masambawa ndi ochuluka kusiyana ndi mbeu zapamwamba, zapangidwe la lanceolate, mamita 30 cm, 10 cm masentimita. amapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, ndipo masamba amapangidwa m'chaka. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Colchicus Byzantine yoyera komanso yofiirira. 
Colchicum wa Cilician
Cilician Colchicum ndi yofala kwambiri ku Turkey, m'madera a Mediterranean. Kutalika kwa chomeracho chikhoza kukhala kuyambira masentimita 20 mpaka 60. 4-5 mapepala a mdima wobiriwira, kufika masentimita 20, amawonekera kuchokera ku corm imodzi. Masamba ali opota, opindika. Maluwawo ndi aakulu kuposa a Byzantine Colchicum, lilac-pinki. Amadziwika kuyambira 1571.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wina wa Colchicum wa Cilician umadziwika - mtundu wa phungu wofiira, ndi maluwa okongola omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mitsempha yoyera.
Kolhikum Kochi
Koh Kolikum Kolchikum ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autumn-crocus crocus, yosiyana ndi maluwa oyera kuposa zomera zomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Iran, Turkey ndi Iraq. Mitunduyi imayamba kuphulika kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, oyera kapena ofewa. Kutalika kwa duwa sikudutsa 8 masentimita. Chomeracho chimatengedwa kukhala chokongoletsa kwambiri. 
Kolhikum motley
Kolhikum motley ku Greece. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimakhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 30. Masamba akhoza kukhala akukwawa kapena kuweramitsa 3-4 zidutswa pa mphukira kufika masentimita 15, ndipo nthawi zina amawombera m'mphepete mwake. Maluwa amaikidwa pa zidutswa 1-3 pa tsinde. Zimatseguka kwambiri, zooneka ngati mthunzi. Nthawi zina nsonga ya petal ikhoza kupotoka. Maluwa akhoza kujambula mu pinki, zofiirira ndi mthunzi wa lilac, wofiira ndi mtundu wa checkerboard. Anthers pakatikati ali ofiira ndi zofiirira tinge. 
Kolhikum autumn
Chigwa cha Autumn chimakonda nyengo yozizira ya ku Ulaya. Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala masentimita 40, ndi tubers, masentimita 4 m'lifupi, kudutsa mu khosi la maluwa. Masamba amayamba kukula mu kasupe ndikufa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Iwo ali wobiriwira mtundu wobiriwira, wopangidwira mawonekedwe, akhoza kukula mpaka masentimita 30 pa chakudya. Kuchokera ku corm imodzi imapezeka mpaka maluwa anayi. Maluwa - kuwala kofiirira kapena koyera. Maluwa amatha masiku 24-30. 
Ndikofunikira! Kolhikum terry limamasula mpaka mvula, ndipo chisanu chitatha kusungunuka mtundu umapitirira kwa sabata lina.
Kolhikum mthunzi
Nthaŵi ya autumn crocus imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera a Mediterranean, komanso ku Crimea, Turkey, Iran, ndi Iraq. Mitundu imeneyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi zomera zoyambirira, zomwe zimayambira kumayambiriro kwa April. Masamba ofanana, obtuse, kutalika kwa masentimita 15 ndi 2 cm. Pamunsi taper. Kuchokera ku corms ndi awiri a masentimita 2, 1-3 maluwa amawoneka ofewa pinki mtundu. Ambiri a mamita 4-5, kutalika kwa 8-10 masentimita. Mitundu imeneyi yadziwika kuyambira 1804. 
Kolhikum Fomina
Akolochi Fomina adapezeka koyamba m'dera la Odessa m'zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo. Chidziwitso cha zamoyo zatsopano zamoyo sizinawonekere mpaka 1984, mpaka nthawi ina ina inapezeka ku Moldova. Maluwawo amatchedwa dzina la botanist yemwe poyamba adalongosola. Akolose Fomin amayamba maluwa kumapeto kwa August, ndipo nthawiyi imatha mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba. Maluwa awa amalekerera chilala. Mphunoyi ndi mdima wa lilac, lilac kapena lalac-white, wopangidwa mu maluwa opangidwa ndi mapuloteni, okonzedwa pang'onopang'ono, otsika.
Kolhikum ikuwoneka bwino pa malo, koma imafuna kusamala. Aliyense akhoza kusankha zosiyanasiyana malingana ndi zilakolako zawo.
