Peyala amadziwika kwa munthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitengo yoyamba inkaonekera ku Greece wakale ndipo inali yofalitsidwa kwambiri, poyamba monga zomera zakutchire, ndiyeno ngati zomera zomwe zimalima.
Zipatso za peyala zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, m'mbuyomu iwo adachiza matenda ambiri ndi chithandizo chawo. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi Forest Beauty.
Iye mwamsanga anapambana chikondi cha wamaluwa, ndipo adakali ndi kutchuka kodabwitsa. Mtundu uwu wa peyala ndi wofala kwambiri ndipo wakula paliponse.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Peyala "Forest Beauty" ndi yabwino kwambirizosiyanasiyana zadzinja mapeyala, ndi mbiri yakale ndi makhalidwe ambiri.
Ndi chithandizo chake, zoposa 30 zatsopano, zofala kwambiri masiku ano mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala inapezeka.
Pakati pa mitundu ya autumn, muyenera kumvetsera Bere Bosk, Talgar wokongola, Uralochka, Silent Don ndi Otradnenskaya.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi unali atulukira mwadzidzidzi, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Ndinapeza kuti inali Chatillon m'mapiri a ku Belgium, pafupi ndi tauni ya Alost.
Zipatso zomwe zimakula pa mtengo umenewu zinali zosiyana kukoma kokoma kodabwitsa, ndipo posachedwa mbewu zawo zinayamba kubzalidwa m'minda yonse ya ku Belgium. Zosiyanasiyana mwamsanga zinakhala kufalikira, ndipo mapeto a XIX atumwi. anakakamizika pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mapeyala, omwe amapezeka panthawiyo ku Ulaya.
Peyala "Forest Beauty" ili ndi mayina angapo: Alexandrina, mtengo wa Mafuta ndi Marie-Louise. Ngakhale ku Ulaya, Marie-Louise amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana, osagwirizana ndi "Forest Beauty".
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Kumadera a kumpoto kwa Caucasus ndi Lower Volga ku Russia. Komabe, chifukwa cha izo winterinessiness, kudzichepetsa komanso kukana chilalaIzi zakhala zikudziwika m'mayiko ambiri: Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, m'mayiko a Baltic ndi Central Asia.
M'madera awa mitundu ya mapeyala a Victoria, Kupava, Lemonka, Lira ndi Rossoshanskaya Dessert ndi abwino kwambiri.
Peyala "Forest Beauty": chithunzi ndi kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mtengo ku "Forest Beauty" pakati, mpaka kutalika, kukula mofulumira.
Krone lalikulu, lalikulu pyramidal, osati foliated kwambiri. Makungwawo ndi a imvi, owopsa. Mphukira ndi yamphamvu, yolunjika, yakuda, burgundy.
Mitengo yaing'ono ndi yaing'onoting'ono. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, akuda, ndi mapiri otalika kwambiri.
Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, a pinki ndi oyera, omwe amakhala ndi phulusa laling'ono. Amatha kukula monga inflorescences ya zidutswa 6-10, kapena imodzi.
Amamasula "Forest Beauty" mu April ndi May. Chinthu chosiyana ndi izi ndizovuta kusasana ndi chisanu panthawi ya maluwa.
Zipatso za kukongola sizikulu kwambiri, wolemera makilogalamu 120-150, nthawizina mpaka 300 magalamu. Mu mawonekedwe, iwo amafanana ndi dzira lozungulira. Khungu ndi loonda, koma limakhala lolimba, pang'ono.
Kumayambiriro kwa chipatso, chipatsocho ndi chobiriwira, ndipo chikakhwima chiri chikasu, ndi mdima mawanga osakanikirana ndi tani wofiira pa mbali ya dzuwa.
Mnofu ndi wachikasu, wokoma kwambiri, wamadzi ozizira ndi ofewa, mafuta ochepa, ndi wokoma kwambiri wowawasa-okoma kukoma..
Chifukwa chake zokoma zazikulu za mchere Mapeyalawa nthawi zambiri amadya mwatsopano, koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pophika coti kapena kupanikizana.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza zosiyanasiyana ndikuwona mapeyala "Forest Beauty" angakhale pa chithunzi pansipa:
Zizindikiro
"Forest Beauty" - kwambiri chisanu zosagwira kalasi. Mwinamwake kupirira kutentha mpaka -45-50 ะกndikuganiziridwa yolimba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira ya mitundu yonse ya ku Ulaya. Ku Russia, izi zimakula bwino mu nyengo yovuta.
Kuli bwino nyengo yozizira ikuwonetsedwa ndi mitundu monga Muscovite, Skorospelka ku Michurinsk, Chizhovskaya, Lel ndi Sverdlovchanka.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika cha kukongola ndi zokolola zazikulu. Zimapindulitsa khola ndi chaka. Chiwerengero cha mbewu zowonjezereka chimadziwika.
Ngati chaka chino zokolola zinali zolemera, ndiye lotsatira - mocheperapo. Fruiting ikuyamba Zaka 5-7 zitatha, ndipo polemba pamodzi pa quince - ndi 4-5.
Iyamba kucha pa 20 August. Mwatsoka, "Beauty Beauty" amatha kutseka mofulumira, kugwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipatso.
Choncho Kukolola kuli bwino kuyamba masiku 8-10 asanafike. Koma pakadali pano, zipatso zimasungidwa kwautali, zokha Masiku 15-20.
Mapeyala otsatirawa amasonyeza zokolola zabwino: Hera, Lada, Children, Decakrinka, Vernaya ndi Noyabrskaya.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Maonekedwe a nthaka ndi osadula, koma amakula bwino pa chonde, chosasunthika cha mchenga.
Malo a "Forest Beauty" abwino dzuwa komanso mpweya wokwanira, ndi madzi otsika pansi. Musanadzalemo, mosamala mukumba nthaka, chotsani namsongole ndi mandimu.
Kubzala mtengo ukhale nthawi yomweyo ku malo osatha. Ikhoza kuchitidwa akufika mu kasupe (May) ndi autumn (oyambirira October). Pafupi nthawi yomweyo ndikofunika kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu.
Peyala "Forest Beauty" wodzipukuta mungu pang'onopang'ono. Kuti mukolole bwino, kupezeka kwa mapulaneti ochepa monga Josephine Mechelnskaya, Limonka, Williams akufunika.
Konzani maenje kuti mubwerere pasadakhale. Ziyenera kukhala zakuya osachepera 1-1.2 mamita ndi mamita pafupifupi 0,8 mamita.
Pansi pa dzenje munayika nthaka yosakaniza, 20 makilogalamu a humus, 0,2 makilogalamu a superphosphate, 0,1 makilogalamu a potaziyamu sulfate ndi zidebe ziwiri za mchenga wambiri. Kenaka 30 malita a madzi osakaniza ndi 0,6 makilogalamu a ufa wa dolomite amathiridwa m'dzenjemo ndipo amasiyidwa kuti ayime sabata.
Pambuyo pake, pepala ya garter imayikidwa mu dzenje, ndipo mbeu imayikidwa. Zomwe zimadulidwa ndi dothi, kuonetsetsa kuti khosi lili ndi masentimita angapo pamwamba pa nthaka.
Pembedzerani mbeuyo mosamala bwino ndi kusiya dzenje.
Ndiye mtengowo ndiufulu womangirizidwa ku khola, madzi okwanira komanso kusungunula nthaka ndi youma humus kapena zabwino utuchi.
Kusamala kwina kulipira kulipira mtengo. M'zaka zingapo zoyambirira, isanayambe fruiting, imathirira madzi. osachepera kasanu pa chaka, ndiyeno kuthirira kwafupika mpaka 2-3.
Pambuyo pa ulimi uliwonse wothirira, m'pofunika kumasula ndi kudula nthaka.
Mitengo yaying'ono sayenera kuthiriridwa pazu. Bwino pamtunda wa masentimita 15-20 kuchokera mu thunthu kukumba kakang'ono kozungulira, pozama masentimita 20, ndikutsanulira madzi kumeneko.
Feteleza amayamba kupanga chaka chachiwiri mutatha.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, feteleza feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito (supuni 3 za urea pa 15 malita a madzi), ndipo mu September phosphorous feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Pa nthawi ya fruiting feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 3-4 pa chaka. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Meyi, wachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, lachitatu - pa nthawi yakucha ndi yachinayi - mutatha kukolola zipatso.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupopera mbewu zomera ndi akukula. Wood processing bwino nkhuni phulusa yankho: 2 tbsp. mu chidebe cha madzi otentha (ozizira ndi mavuto).
Mukamabzala mbande mumathera kudulira koyamba. Kuti muchite izi, thunthu lapakati la mtengo lifupikitsidwa kotero kuti nsonga inali yaikulu 25 cm malingaliro a nthambi zazikulu, ndi izi Nthambi zimadulidwa ndi 1/3 kutalika.
M'chaka chachiwiri, zonse zazikuluzikulu nthambi ndi thunthu zimafupika ndi 15-20 masentimita Kuwonjezera kudulira kumachitika pachaka: masika ndi autumn.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, mungathe kudulira kakang'ono kuti musunge mawonekedwe a korona, ndipo mu kugwa kwadula nthambi, zodwala kapena zowonongeka.
Zaka zitatu zilizonse kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, amagwiritsa ntchito kudulira mitengo yokalamba: kuchotsa zouma nthambi ndi thickening korona akuwombera.
"Forest Beauty" kwambiri kusagwedeza kwa chisanu ndipo safuna kukulunga m'nyengo yozizira. Nkofunika kuteteza chitetezo cha thunthu kuwonongeka kwa hares ndi mbewa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yamphamvu ya nylon, yokutidwa pansi pa mbiya.
Mfundo zofunikira pa chisamaliro cha "Forest Beauty" ndiziteteza ku matenda. Tsoka ilo, zodabwitsa izi m'zinthu zonse zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html - Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri a mapeyala. Kawirikawiri bowa ili limakhudza osati masamba okha, komanso amawombera ndi zipatso. Mutha kuziwona mwa maonekedwe a pansi pa tsamba la masamba omwe amaoneka bwino a chikasu.
Pakati pa mitundu yolimbana ndi nkhanambo, muyenera kumvetsera kwa Severianska Krasnoshchekuyu, Oryol Kukongola, Chilimwe cha Oryol, Chokongola Efimova ndi Marble.
Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, mawangawo amdima ndipo amadzala ndi maluwa oyera. Mphukira yaing'ono imapanga ming'alu yambiri ndi patina yomweyo.
Zipatso zili ndi mdima waung'ono ndi malire oyera. Pakapita nthawi, iwo ali opunduka, osweka ndi kugwa.
Fungus overwinter mu masamba akale akugwa ndi makungwa.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi masamba owuma, kunyezerani makungwa akale kuchokera ku mphukira ndi nthambi ndikuchitiratu mankhwala opopera katatu patsiku.
Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika pachiyambi cha kutupa kwa impso ndi 4% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza, yachiwiri pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa ndi kale 1% yothetsera, ndi lachitatu pambuyo pa masabata atatu mutatha maluwa.
Ngati matendawa akuchitika, ndiye Mukhoza kuyesa nthaka pansi pa mtengo 10% ammonium nitrate. Koma pambuyo pa zokolola, ndi kuteteza njirayi kuti isagwere pa thunthu ndi nthambi za zomera.
Ngati m'kupita kwanthawi kukwaniritsa njira zonse zothandizira, ndiye kuti kukula Forest Forest pa tsamba lanu sivuta.
Zopindulitsa zapaderazi ndi izi:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- chisokonezo;
- kusadziletsa pochoka ndi kusasula nthaka;
- zipatso zabwino kukoma.
Zowononga ndi izi:
- mphamvu yakuphuka ndi kuswa zipatso;
- chiwombankhanga.
Ngakhale izi, pepala la "Beauty Beauty" silinayambe kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa ndipo likupezekabe pazinthu zambiri za dacha.
