Mitengo ya mphesa ya Kishmish yowala imakopa chidwi ndi zipatso zake zokoma komanso zokongola zopanda mbewu, masango akuluakulu komanso zokolola zambiri. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri, ngakhale sizinali zovuta. Komabe, podziwa zovuta zomwe zimabzala komanso kusamalira, ngakhale woyambitsa kumene amatha kumera mphesa zowala.
Mbiri yakulima mphesa mitundu Radish
Mitundu yowala ya Kishmish idapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Moldovan pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo. Kuti mupeze hybrid iyi, mitundu iwiri idatengedwa monga maziko: Cardinal ndi Pink Kishmish. Ntchito yayikulu yomwe antchito a NIIIViV adakumana nayo inali yopeza mitundu yapamwamba, ndipo cholinga chawo chidakwaniritsidwa ndi iwo.
Kufotokozera zamphesa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kishmish
Mphesa zamtunduwu ndi za mitundu ya zipatso za pakati pa zipatso zomwe sizinakhwime ndi zokolola pafupifupi masiku 130. Chifukwa cha zoyeserera za obereketsa, mphesa zokhala ndi mphamvu zamatchire, mpesa wolimba kwambiri ndi mabulosi abuluu okometsedwa anapezeka. Dzinalo la mphesa ndi "chowala" chifukwa choti zipatso zakupsa zikuwoneka ngati zikuwoneka pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera mkati.
Mphesa zowola zimakopa chidwi cha alimi ambiri avinyo chifukwa cha zabwino zingapo:
- mawonekedwe a mpesa amalola kuti iikidwe padziko lapansi ndikutchinjiriza nyengo yachisanu;
- kuteteza ku chisanu, zosiyanasiyana zimatha kulimidwa m'magawo omwe ali ndi nyengo yabwino;
- zipatso zopanda zipatso, zotsekemera, zowutsa mudyo komanso zamtundu;
- pafupifupi 70% ya mphukira ndizopatsa zipatso, kuwonjezera apo, mpesa ukupsa bwino;
- Magulu ndiakulu, omwe amakupatsani mwayi woti muthe kutola mbewu yabwino pachitsamba chimodzi;
- masamba okhuthala a zipatsozo amakhala ndi mayendedwe abwino, pambali pa ma batchi omwe amawonetsako;
- kusungidwa kwazitali kwa zipatso pachitsamba.
Mphesa zowola zimadziwika ndi tchire lolimba, mpesa wamphamvu ndi mabulosi abuluu apinki.
Ngakhale pali zabwino zambiri, Radiant Kishmish ali ndi zovuta zake:
- Masango okhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu (kupitirira 1 kg) amatsogolera nthambi;
- nyengo yachisanu, mpesa umafunikira malo osamalirapo;
- kufunika koteteza mbewu ku cholema ndi phylloxera;
- zipatso chifukwa cha mavu omwe amawakhutira ndi shuga;
- Masango akuluakulu (opitirira 50 cm), zipatsozo zimacha bwino;
- kusamalira bwino chitsamba ndikofunikira.
Makhalidwe a mphesa
Mphesa zowola zimakhala ndi tchire zapakati kapena zazitali. Masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala amizeremizere, kakulidwe kakang'ono, kozungulira. Burashi ya mphesa nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 40 masentimita ndipo imakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa 0,5 kg. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, unyinji wa guluwo umaposa 1 kg. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati 2.5 * 2.2 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 3-4 g. Mapangidwe a zipatsozo ndiwopendekeka-kuzungulira ndi khungu lofiirira. Guwa ndi wandiweyani wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kuwala kosalala. Zabwino zamasamba omwe ali ndi mndandanda wazikhala 17-21%.
Masango akuluakulu a mphesa amakhala ndi masango akuluakulu okhala ndi kutalika kwa 40 cm komanso kulemera kwakukulu kwa 0,5 kg.
Zambiri za kubzala ndi kukula mitundu ya mphesa Kishmish radiant
Chinsinsi cha kukolola bwino mphesa zowala bwino ndikubzala koyenera komanso mosamala. Kupanda kutero, kukoma kwa zipatso kumavutika, ndipo vuto lalikulu kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kufa.
Tikufika
Kubzala mphesa zamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe chomera chimadzakhala chambiri. Mtunda pakati pa tchire mzere uyenera kukhala osachepera 2 m, pakati pa mizere kuchokera pa 3. Popeza zoumba zowala bwino ndi pollinator pazinthu monga Flamingo, Laura, Rapture red, izi zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yobzala. Chimodzi mwazinthu za Kishmish ichi, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa, ndikufunika kubzala m'malo opatsa mpweya wabwino.
Kubzala mbewu zitha kuchitidwa mchaka kapena yophukira. Ponena za nthawi yake, muyenera kuganizira za nyengo zakomweko. Mu kasupe, chikhalidwe chabzalidwa kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Epulo mpaka zaka eyiti za Meyi. Choyamba, mbande zokhala ndi lign zimabzalidwa, pambuyo pake zimachita ndi zodula zobiriwira. M'dzinja, chikhalidwe chingabzalidwe kuyambira koyambirira kwa Okutobala mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mbali yodzala m'dzinja ndikufunika koteteza mbewu ku nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera.
Musanapitirire ndikubzala mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu zingapo pokonzekera kubzala:
- Mizu ya mbande imanyowetsedwa kwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi m'madzi kapena zopititsa patsogolo, mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu kapena sodium humate.
- Pambuyo akuwuluka, mphukira zimakonzedwa ndi maso a 2-4.
- Musanabzale, mbande siziyenera kutsalira mu mpweya wabwino, motero ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa kapena chidebe chokhala ndi dongo lonyowa.
- Chifukwa cha mizu yamphamvu, dzenje kuti ikamatengedwe amapangidwa ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi 0.8 * 0,8 m.
Kanema: Kukhazikitsa mbande zamphesa kuti mubzale
Ndikwabwino kukonzekera dzenjelo kugwa kapena osachepera mwezi musanabzale mbande. Monga dothi lomanga thupi pogwiritsa ntchito dothi losakaniza izi:
- wakuda lapansi kapena pamwamba - ndowa 5;
- phulusa - 1 l;
- manyowa - mabatani 4;
- feteleza wa phosphate - 150 g.
Pakubzala mphesa, muyenera kukonzekera dothi losakanizirana ndi chernozem, phulusa, feteleza wa phosphate ndi manyowa
Njira yodzala mbande zam'mphesa imachepetsedwa:
- Chingwe 10 cm cha mwala wosweka kapena njerwa zosweka zimathiridwa m'dzenje.
Monga ngalawa, njerwa yosweka kapena chidutswacho chimathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo
- Zinthu zonse zokonzedwa zimatsanulidwa zochuluka kotero kuti masentimita 50 amakhalapo mpaka m'mbali mwa dzenjelo. Kenako amasakanikirana bwino ndikuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike.
- Mutatha chinyontho, mmera wobzalidwa, wogawanitsa nazonso mizu.
Mukabzala mbande m'mphepete, muzuwo umagawidwanso chimodzimodzi
- Amadzaza dzenjelo kumapeto, komwe malo kuchokera pansi, omwe adatsala atakumbamo dzenjelo, ndi oyenera.
Dzenjelo limadzaza m'mphepete, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nthaka yomwe yatsala mutakumba dzenjelo
Alimi okhazikika mu dzenje lobzala amaika chidutswa cha chitoliro chomwe mtsogolomo chidzathiriridwa ndikuthiridwa.
Vidiyo: Kubzala masika mphesa
Kuthirira
Zoumba za radix zimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso koyenera, mavoliyumu omwe amadalira mwachindunji mtundu wa dothi komanso nyengo. Ngati mbewu yabzyala pa dothi la chernozem, ndiye kuti zidebe za 5-6 pachomera chilichonse ndizokwanira. Kwa dothi lamchenga, mabatani pafupifupi 10 amadzi adzafunika. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira ndikofunikira kuti pakhale masiku atatu. Ngati nyengo ili mvula, kuthirira kuyenera kuchedwa.
Zoumba zoumba bwino zimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso koyenera, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera nyengo ndi nyengo ya dothi
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe Kishmisha adafotokoza zimayankhidwa bwino pazakudya zina zowonjezera. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kuchulukitsa zokolola kudzera feteleza ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati feteleza ali mu mawonekedwe opezeka ndi mbewu. Ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phulusa lamatabwa ngati chakudya, kuyesera kuperewera kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Komabe, ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti zinthuzi sizigwira ntchito ndipo zitha kufikira mizu palibe kale kuposa zaka 3-4 motsogozedwa ndi kuthirira kwakukulu ndi mvula. Kuchokera pamenepa titha kunena kuti njira yabwino yophatikiza manyowa m'munda wamphesa ndi mayankho amadzimadzi.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndi feteleza wabwino, koma michereyo imafikira pa mizu pokhapokha zaka zochepa
Chapakatikati, chikhalidwe chimadyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate (2 tbsp. Per 10 malita a madzi), nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera, ndipo pang'ono pang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito yankho lomwelo, koma ndi kuwonjezera kwa 1 tbsp. l potaziyamu sulfate. Mphesa zimayankha bwino pa kuvala kwapamwamba kwapamwamba. Chomera cholandirira zinthu monga zinc, boron, manganese, chimathandizira kukulitsa zipatso ndi 15-20%. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa tsamba lobiriwira ndi yankho la borax (5 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Pakupita zaka pafupifupi 2-3 mutakolola, dothi limaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe (kompositi, mullein).
Z feteleza zonse zachilengedwe ndi michere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mphesa, kuzigwiritsa ntchito pansi pazu, komanso ndi tsamba
Za feteleza siziyenera kuzunzidwa, chifukwa mukamwa mopitirira muyeso, mphukira zimanenepa, maluwa amaterera, ndipo thumba losunga mazira limayamba kufooka.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Chitsamba chopangidwa moyenera cha Radiant Kishmish chizikhala ndi mphukira mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu pamzere umodzi. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuti ziwonjezeke mpaka 10. Pakati pa nthambi za chitsamba tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichoke mtunda wosachepera mita 1. Nthawi zambiri, kudulira kwamaso 8-12 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu. Zotsatira zake ndi izi: ngati chikhalidwechi ndi chachikulire, ndiye kuti pamalo a 4-6 m² padzakhala mphukira pafupifupi 20-25, ndipo pamtengo wachinyamata - osapitirira 12.
Mukakhazikitsa chikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kusiya nkhuni zambiri. Kudulira kwa mpesa kumachitika mogwirizana ndi zaka zake. Ngati malaya ndi achichepere, ndiye kuti musadule kuposa maso a 2-3, ndipo pa malaya akale mutha kudula bwino mpaka maso 14. Pachitsamba kusiya maso opitilira 35 pamiyeso yonse siyofunika. Ndi njira yoyenera yopangira mapangidwe, kumapeto kwa njirayi, chitsamba sichikhala ndi mipesa yopitilira 4 yotalika pafupifupi mita atatu. Mbali yakumtunda izikhala yobala zipatso, ndipo gawo lotsika lidzapanga manja.
Kuti muthe kukolola zoumba bwino kwambiri, pamafunika chakudya
Musaiwale za kugawa mbewu ndikusiyapo maburashi awiri pa mphukira imodzi, chifukwa pakhoza kusowa potaziyamu, ndipo zipatso zimatha kutsekemera ndikukhala zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kuluka kwa zipatso kenako kucha ndikotheka. Ngati tinyalanyaza kugawa katundu ndikusiya mphesa zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa mbewuyo ikhoza kukhala yosakhala bwino (yocheperako komanso yotaya kukoma kwa mabulosi) kapena sikudzakhala konse. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo idzafunika kupumula.
Vidiyo: Kupangidwa kwa mphesa
Kuteteza kwa dzinja
Zoumba zowunda sizoyamwa ndi chisanu, choncho chisanu chisanayambe, muyenera kusamalira pogona chitsamba. Ndondomeko imachitidwa pakugwa kwa -5-7 ° C. Zizindikiro zotentha zotere zimathandizira chitsamba. Kuti mudziteteze, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopitidwa patsogolo, monga masileti, singano, mphasa, dothi, ndikukumba mayenje. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwankhanza, chifukwa zimabweretsa dothi acidization.
Mutha kuphimba mphesa nthawi yachisanu m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, slate, masamba, lapansi
Pogona mphesa zimayenera kulinganizidwa m'njira yoti madzi akazizira asungunuke. Mpesa wachichepere, womwe umatha kusinthasintha, umaweramira pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi zofunikira. Mphukira zokulirapo zimakodzedwa ndi maudzu a udzu, ndipo kwa nthambi zazikulu iwo amapanga nyumba kuchokera pa matabwa kapena masileti.
Kanema: kusungira mphesa nthawi yachisanu
Pamene zipatso zimachitika
Limodzi la mafunso omwe amafunsa oyambitsa vinyo, kodi kishm yowala imayamba kubala liti? Zitha kuoneka ngati zodabwitsa, koma mbewu za mitundu iyi mosamala komanso kudulira zitha kupezekanso chaka chotsatira mutabzala. Inde, kuchuluka kwake kudzakhala kocheperako, mwa dongosolo la magulu angapo, komabe ndizotheka kulawa mphesa izi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Zosiyanasiyana za Kishmish zowala, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya ku Europe, zimafunikira njira zodzitetezera ku matenda. Omwe akudziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti mutsatire malamulo otsatirawa, omwe azisunga zipatso zanu:
- Nyengo, tchire limaperekedwa maulendo 4 ndi fungicides (Quadris, Topaz, Strobi, Bordeaux madzi).
- Kulimbana ndi khansa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira za Nitrafen kapena iron sulfate, kutsatira malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.
- Pokana ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya, fungus ya Bordeaux, Polychome kapena mkuwa chloroxide (3%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Ngati oidium ikupezeka kuthengo, njira ya sulufule ya colloidal (100 g pa 10 malita a madzi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- M'nyengo yozizira, pamwamba pa nthaka pozungulira m'munda wamphesawo amathiridwa mankhwala ndi Nitrafen kapena sulfate yachitsulo (3%).
Chimodzi mwazipatso zamitundu yambiri ya mphesa ndi mphutsi, kuthana ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito yankho la sulfate kapena Nitrafen
Tizilombo tamadwala titha kuonongeranso tchire la Kishmish radiant ndikuwononga mbewu. Popewa kuwononga zipatso, zipatsozo ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi, kupewa zipatsozo. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunsidwa zimatha kuthana ndi tizirombo zotsatirazi: masamba a nthomba, utitiri, ulusi, ndi zina zotere.
Kanema: Matenda a mphesa ndi kuwongolera kwawo
Wamaluwa amawunikira zosiyanasiyana
Kishmish Radiant - mphesa zokoma ndi zokongola! Masango ake amangodabwitsitsa kuyerekezera ndi kukula - m'mene ndinawona burashi koyamba, sindinakhulupilire kuti SUCH itha kukhala wamkulu, osakhala kumadera akumwera! Koma kukula kwa gulu kumasewera nthabwala zoyipa ndi mitundu - gulu silikhala ndi nthawi yakucha kwathunthu, chifukwa chake lifunika kufupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 ngakhale nthawi yamaluwa. Ndipo zamtunduwu zilinso ndi drawback imodzi - osati kwambiri chisanu chotsutsana ndi mizu, koma, mwamwayi, drawback iyi ikhoza kutha mosavuta - muyenera kubzala nthambi pa chitsa chosagwira chisanu. Kupanda kutero, mphesa ndi zapamwamba!
Elena//sortoved.ru/vinograd/sort-vinograda-witmish-luchistyj.html
Ndili wokondwa kwambiri ndi chowala cha Kishmish, mtsogoleri wopanda zolinga wa Kishmish, wosasunthika, wopatsa, pinki komanso nutmeg. Kuphatikiza apo ndi kalasi osati gf. Nthawi zonse ndimapeza mbewu, mosiyana ndi Veles yomwe imasweka pachaka (amasanza zaka 4 motsatizana). Ndikuganiza mitundu yosayiwalika. Ambiri omwe asiya gulu lankhondo amadandaula, kenako amatulutsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimakhala ndi zinsinsi zobisika.
zrt//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=413&page=203
Mu famu yathu, Radish kishmish yakhala ikukula kuyambira 90s. Muzu womwewo, sindinawone zilonda zamtundu uliwonse polemba. Zimadabwitsa ndi kukula kwamphamvu komanso kuyankha kosamalidwa bwino. Chaka chatha, manambalawa adakwaniritsidwa pa Ogasiti 15 (kumapeto kwa Ogasiti), zikuwoneka, boma la kutentha lidasewera. Ngakhale amafotokozeredwa kukana chisanu, nditha kunena kuti: nthawi yozizira iyi inali -35 ° C (pogona pawiri-poto), zouma zoumba za ku Bulgaria zikudandaula nazo, zimakula pafupi. Mphesa zowola zimaphuka ngati kale.
Peter//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=49.0
Popeza mwapanga chodzala chowala bwino cha Kishmish, muyenera kusamalira mapangidwe a chitsamba, kukhazikitsa mphesa nthawi yachisanu, kumuthandiza kupewa komanso kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pokhapokha ngati izi zitha kudalira kukula kwazaka zambiri ndikubereka zipatso kwa zaka zambiri.
