German mbatata zosiyanasiyana Alvar chifukwa chokolola chokoma ndi chokoma popanda vuto

Zokolola zazikulu, kukoma kwabwino, kukana matenda - zonsezi ndizofanana ndi Alvar mbatata mitundu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbikitsidwa ndi abambo Achijeremani - Frank ndi Winfried Lange.

Abale onsewa adaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya Giessen ku Frankfurt, pambuyo pake adatsutsa zachipatala: Winfried - pa phytopathology, Frank - pa sayansi ya sayansi.

Pakubereka mitundu ya Alvar, cholinga chake chinali kukula zatsopano zosiyanasiyanazomwe zidzakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kuposa Desiree wakaleyo.

Mu 1975, ma tubers awiri anadutsa ndipo patapita zaka 10, anasankha masamba amodzi omwe adayesa mayesero onse. Mu 1985, Alvar analembetsa ku register of mitundu ya zomera ku Germany.

Ku Russia, izi zosiyanasiyana zikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse kutchuka kwakukulu, chifukwa chakuti amatha kubzala mbewu pa nthaka iliyonse, ngakhale yopanda phindu.

Alvar Mbatata: malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi

Zomwe zimayambira m'madera osiyanasiyana zimapatsa masiku 70 - 80 mutabzala, sizikutha, zomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi alimi ndi wamaluwa. Chitsamba ndi wamtali ndi masamba obiriwira, maluwa ndi ofiira-ofiira, tubers amaikidwa pansi mozama, compactly.

Chiwerengero cha tubers ndi chachikulu, zonsezi ndi za kukula, mawonekedwe ovunda olondola, maso aang'ono, osaya. Mnofu ndi wachikasu, kukoma kwabwino, ndi wowonjezera wokhutira 13 - 15%.

Mukhoza kufanizitsa chizindikiro ichi ndi mitundu ina pogwiritsira ntchito deta yomwe ili pansipa:

Chithunzi chojambula chithunzi cha mitundu ya mbatata ya Alvar:

Zokolola za zosiyanasiyana ndi 470 - 540 oposa pa hekitala, malonda - kufika pa 93%. Kutembenuzidwa mu chinenero cha wamba wamaluwa, zokolola ziri 500 makilogalamu a mbatata kuchokera ku chovala chimodzi.

Zotsutsana zosiyanasiyana pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi mavairasi, kuphatikizapo:

• Scab.
• Golden nematode.
• Khansa
• Alternaria
• Rhizoctoniosis.

Pamalo osungirako mankhwalawa - amayamba kukhala ndi vuto lochedwa pamwamba, pansi pa chitsamba. Tubers ndi otsutsana ndi phytophthora.

Ntchito

Mbatata ali ndi kukoma kokoma, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ponse ponse komanso pa mafakitale.

Alvar zosiyanasiyana, okhala ndi tubers pafupifupi kukula kofanana ndi kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ovunda, ndi zabwino kupanga chips, crackers. Mzu wa zamasamba umasinthidwa kuti akhale wowuma, mbatata youma.

Kubzala, kukula ndi kusungirako

Musanadzalemo tubers amafunikira kutentha pang'ono, awapatse kutentha, koma onetsetsani kuti kutalika kwazomera sikumapitirira 2 - 3 masentimita, mwinamwake akhoza kusiya pamene atayikidwa pansi.

Mpheta, pofuna kuwunikira bwino, zimapangidwa kuchokera kummwera mpaka kumpoto. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ikhale 65 - 75 masentimita, ndipo pakati pa tubers - pafupifupi masentimita 35.

Alvar mitundu ya mbatata Zosungidwa bwino, sizimera, sizikuvunda ndipo amasungira kukoma mpaka kukolola kwatsopano. Zowonongeka kwambiri, osauka akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi feteleza ndi peat, humus kapena feteleza zamchere. Werengani za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza ndi nthawi yeniyeni komanso ngati mukuyenera kubzala, mukhoza kuwerenga m'magawo osiyanasiyana a tsamba lathu.

Kukula mbatata, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana njira zoyenera zaulimi ndikugwiritsira ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera kuonjezera zokolola ndikuchotsa tizirombo.

Tikukufotokozerani nkhani zogwiritsira ntchito fungicides, herbicides ndi tizilombo.

Zosiyanasiyana zimadzikhazikitsa zokolola zazikulu kuzungulira Russia.

Alvar sakhala ndi mantha ndi chilala, chisanu ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi nyengo. Nthaka kumene mungathe kubzala mitundu ya mbatata ya Alvar:

• nthaka yakuda;
• dothi;
• mikate ya mchenga komanso mchenga;
• peti-gel;
• podzolic;
• sod-podzolic;
• mabokosi;
• imvi
• bulauni.

Mtengo wa kalasiyi ndi 90%. Ndi kusunga khalidwe la mitundu ina yomwe mungathe kuiwona mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi:

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mbatata ingawononge tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, koma mdani wamkulu ankaganiza kuti kachilomboka kameneka ndi Colorado.

Anthu okalamba amaika mazira pa masamba ndi masamba. Nkhuta zowonongeka zimavomerezedwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chodyera chitsamba. Chilomboka cha Colorado chotchedwa mbatata chingathe kuwononga mbewuyi patatha masiku ambiri ndikudya masamba obiriwira pansi.

Pali njira ziwiri zothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

1. Processing wa tubers asanadzalemo wapadera yankho loteteza chikhalidwe 40 - 60 masiku.
2. Kukonzekera kwa zimayambira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumayambanso kukula mbatata. Posankha njira yachiwiri, m'pofunika kukonza mwamsanga pamene mphutsi yathyoledwa.

Timaperekanso kudziwitsa zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochizira ndi mankhwala pofuna kulimbana ndi nyamakazi za Colorado. Ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:

• Aktara.
• Regent
• Corado.
• Kutchuka.

Mitundu ya alvar imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, timangokhala ndi vuto lochedwa, ndipo kuyesayesa konse kuyenela kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa.

Phytophthora ndi matenda omwe amabwera ndi parasitic bowa, akuwonetsedwa ndi bulauni kuvunda.

Kuti amenyane ndi matendawakumera mbatata musanabzala, kusinthanitsa kubzala mbatata ndi mbewu zina, mlimi akulimbikitsidwa.

Pakati pa nyengo yabwino yobereka phytophthora (mkulu chinyezi), chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Azocene 5%.
• Mafilimu.
• Polycarbacin 80%.
• Chloroxide zamkuwa.
• Arceride 60%.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti chithandizo chotsirizachi sichinayambe masiku 20 asanafike.

Ngati mukufuna kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imapereka zokolola zambiri pamtunda uliwonse, zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndiye kuti muzisamala kwambiri ndi Alvar mbatata zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha nyengo ya ku Russia, ndibwino kwambiri.