Nkhaka m'munda pafupi ndi Moscow: momwe mungasankhire ndikukula mu 2020

Nkhaka ndi masamba okonda kutentha, koma sizingachitike kuti ndi azikhalidwe zakumwera. M'malo mwake, ndi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia pomwe maholide ndi zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana zoperekedwa ku nkhaka zimachitika. Ndipo mayina amitundu yakale - Murom, Vyaznikovsky, ndi ena - akuwonetsa kuti m'chigawo chapakati nkhaka imakhala yomasuka. Ndipo, mwina, palibe wolima m'modzi wa Chigawo cha Moscow angathe kuchita popanda kukula wobiriwira komanso wopusa.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yaku dera la Moscow: mafotokozedwe ndi chithunzi

Mitundu yambiri yamnkhaka imadziwika, pali magulu osiyanasiyana amtundu wawo malinga ndi chikhalidwe kapena mawonekedwe. Amabisala ndipo akukwera, kulakatula ndi kuleketsa, koyambirira komanso kwapakatikati, kudzipukutira ndi kupukutidwa ndi njuchi, ndi zina zambiri. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ndizambiri kwambiri mpaka mumayamba kukayikira: kodi pali katswiri m'modzi yemwe amatha kuwamvetsa? Kodi mitundu yonse mazana angapoyi ndiyosiyana ndi inzake?

Pankhaniyi, zikuyamba kuvuta kupereka malingaliro pazakusankhidwa kwa mitundu kudera linalake: kulawa ndi mtundu ... Imani! Chabwino, chilichonse chili bwino ndi mitundu: nkhaka zochuluka kwambiri zonse zimakhala zobiriwira, zipatso zake zimatchedwa greenery. Koma pachilichonse, muyenera kudalira luso lanu komanso upangiri wa anzanu apamtima omwe akudziwa zambiri za ulimi. Upangiri wapadziko lonse posankha mitundu mu Chigawo cha Moscow ukhoza kungogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha komweko, zomwe sizinachitike.

Mukamasankha kalasi yogona pamadzi, muyenera kuganizira izi:

• ndikofunika, makamaka m'malo otseguka, kuti musankhe nkhaka ndi nthawi yokolola yoposa masiku 45-50, ndiye kuti ngati zingatheke, kucha koyambirira;
• ndibwino ngati ali ndi nkhaka zodzipukutira tokha (parthenocarpic), popeza njuchi ku dera la Moscow sizimawuluka mwachangu tsiku lililonse, nyengo yoipa, nkhaka zitha kusiyidwa popanda chidwi chawo; Komabe, mitundu ya njuchi mungu m'mundawo ndi yofunika;
• kusankha pakati pa saladi ndi kukonkha, ndibwino kuti musamapereke mopambanitsa ndi kugula mbewu za mitundu kapena zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe;
• ndipo mulimonsemo, mitundu ingapo ibzalidwe pabedi.

Ziphuphu Zapanja

Pakubzala m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, mutha kusankha imodzi mwazotchuka zotsatirazi:

• Ant F1 - parthenocarpic, cholinga chapadziko lonse, kukonzekera mbewu - patatha masiku 37 38 kumera, nkhaka zolemera pafupifupi 100 g;
• Spring F1 - odziwika odziwika odziwika bwino, osakanizidwa ndi njuchi, omwe adakula kuyambira m'ma 1970 ;;
  

  Fontanel ndi nkhaka, wodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa

• Masha F1 - choyambirira kucha, parthenocarpic, cholinga chapadziko lonse, zipatso zosakulirapo 9 cm;
• Mpikisano - amatanthauza mitundu yakucha yosakhota. Kupanga kukwera kwambiri (mpaka 8 kg kuchokera 1 m²), idapangidwa makamaka kuti ikulidwe pamalo otseguka, ngati njuchi zim mungu, zobiriwira mpaka 13 cm;
  

  Mpikisano - mitundu yabwino kwambiri yochotsera manambala a anthu achikulire

• Petersburg Express F1 - wosakanizira woyambirira wa mungu wopangidwa ndi njuchi wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri pafupifupi 80 g, cholinga cha saladi;
• Vyaznikovsky 37 - mbewu itheka kukololedwa patatha masiku 40, mitunduyi idakulidwa kuyambira nthawi za nkhondo zisanachitike, njuchi kupukutidwa, kuthengo.
  

  Vyaznikovsky 37 - kalasi yosankha ya agogo athu

Nkhaka Zobiriwira

Popeza njuchi siziwuluka wowononga, ndipo ndizitali komanso zovuta kupaka mungu nkhaka zokha, apa muyenera kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu ya parthenocarpic:

• Amur F1 ndi chosakanizira choyambirira; m'mwezi woyamba wa zipatso, imapatsa mwini wake pafupifupi mbewu yake yonse ya greenbacks yolemera 100 g;
  

  Cupid F1 - nkhaka yomwe imabala zipatso pamaso pa mitundu ina yambiri
• Zozulya F1 - wosakanizidwa woyenera wokhala ndi zipatso zazitali, amabala zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali, wololera kwambiri, wobiriwira wabwino kwambiri;
• Claudia F1 - chitsanzo cha haibridi wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, zobiriwira sizili zazikulu, mbewuyo ndiyokwera, nkhaka sizipitilira;
  

  Claudia F1 - imodzi mwa nkhaka zomwe sizikuyenera kusungidwa masiku onse awiri

• Kulimba mtima F1 - wosakanizidwa wa cholinga chaponseponse, wokhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso;
• Mnyamata wachinyamata F1 ndi wosakanizidwa yemwe amakumana ndi dzinalo: Zelentsy yaying'ono, kukoma kwambiri, koyenera kumalongeza;
  

  Mnyamata Wachinyamata F1 - Wamng'oma Wam'modzi

• Goosebump F1 - woyamba wosakanizidwa wosakhalitsa wopanda zipatso wonyezimira wonyezimira wabwino kwambiri, cholinga cha saladi.

Mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilizidwa kwambiri, titha kungonena kuti pakadali pano palibe nkhaka zoipa zotsalira. Mpikisano ...

Zinthu zikukula

Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa nkhaka zokulitsa kuonekera ndikuti zimafunikira kutentha, chinyezi, ndi michere yambiri. Pokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kutentha m'chigawo cha Moscow, mabedi ofunda nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi nkhaka. Amapangidwa kwambiri pamtunda wolemera. Nthawi yomweyo amatsatira malangizo. Chifukwa chake, pamalo owoneka bwino, zitunda zimayesa kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa, ndi potsetsereka kudutsa. M'madela ang'onoting'ono, zigawo za nkhaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi pafupi ndi mpanda wakunyumba kwa nyumba kapena mipanda.

Nkhaka ndi imodzi mwazipikisano pakufunika kwa feteleza, makamaka organic. Popanda izi, ndizosatheka kukula mbewu zabwinobwino. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe zimalekereranso manyowa, ngakhale ndibwino kuti muzibweretse nthawi yophukira. Chabwinonso, ngati manyowa ndi theka zinziri; peat ndi kompositi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake, koma feteleza wa michere amafunikanso. Chifukwa chake, pa 1 m² mabedi amafunika zidebe zosachepera ndi theka za manyowa, phulusa lamatabwa angapo ndi 80 g ya nitrophoska.

Munda wa nkhaka umakonzedwa chaka chilichonse m'malo atsopano, kubwezeretsa chikhalidwecho osapitirira zaka zitatu pambuyo pake. Amanyamula zakudya zochuluka kuchokera ku dothi, makamaka nitrogen. Chifukwa chake, zolembera zabwino kwambiri zamkaka ndi nyemba zomwe zimasonkhanitsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaka kubzala bwino pambuyo anyezi, adyo, tsabola ndi tomato. Mutha - mutatha kaloti, beets kapena kabichi, koma sizovomerezeka pambuyo pa masamba a maungu (mavwende, zukini, maungu).

Ziphuphu zimatenga feteleza wambiri m'nthaka, chifukwa bedi liyenera kukonzedwa m'malo atsopano chaka chilichonse

Kukula mbande

M'madera osavomerezeka, nkhaka zimabzalidwa pofesa mwachindunji m'munda, koma kumene kumalowera kumapeto mochedwa, komanso ngati mukufuna kukolola koyambirira, mbande zimakhala zokhwima, zomwe zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowoneka bwino pawindo. M'chigawo cha Moscow, njira zonse ziwiri zokulitsira nkhaka ndizofanana (kudzera mbande komanso popanda iwo).

Madeti amafesa mbewu

Mbewu za nkhaka sizingagulidwe chaka chilichonse, chifukwa moyo wawo wa alumali ndi zaka zambiri, ndipo zabwino kwambiri pakufesa - zaka 2-3. Nthawi yofesa mbewu, ndikubzala mbande mu nthaka ndizochepa chabe chifukwa nkhaka zimakhala zowawa kwambiri osati kuzizira kwenikweni, koma kutentha pang'ono. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa dothi mpaka 10 ^zaPopeza kuli kale chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa mbande kapena mbande kuchokera pakufesa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, kufesa nkhaka m'mundamo, komanso kubzala mbande, m'chigawo cha Moscow chisanayambe chilimwe ndizowopsa.

Kutengera kuti mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka zaka 25-30, zikukwaniritsidwa kuti kufesa mbewu m'makapu zikhalidwe za dera la Moscow kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo. Ngati kulima nkhaka kumayenera kukhala m'malo obzala kutentha, ntchito yolima mbande imayamba milungu iwiri kapena itatu kale. Zachidziwikire, izi sizikugwira ntchito ku nyumba zobiriwira zamkati zopangidwira kulima masamba chaka chonse.

Mukadzala liti nkhaka za mbande mu 2020 m'maderalo: tebulo

Pansipa ndiye madeti abwino komanso oyipa kwambiri obzala nkhaka pa kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Komanso pamasiku awa, mutha kudzala "maupangiri" onse, ndiye kuti, mbewu zonse zomwe zipatso zake zimapangidwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Pa muzu mbewu zina madeti amagwiranso ntchito.

Kubzala mbewu m'mbale

Nthawi zambiri masiku awa, nthangala mumigulu yogulitsidwa m'sitolo zakonzeka kale kufesa. Zitha kubzalidwe monga zilili, koma mbewu zake (zomwe zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma osati yophatikiza) Zoyenera kukonzekera pang'ono. Mndandanda wa magawo okonzekera ndiwopatsa chidwi, koma wolima dimba angachite zomwe akuwona kuti ndizoyenera. Kwenikweni, amachita izi ndi mbewu:

• calibrate (sankhani wamkulu kwambiri komanso wolemera);
• konzekerani (sungani masiku 2-3 pa batri yotentha);
• mankhwala opatsirana (sungani mphindi 20-30 mu njira yakuda ya potaziyamu permanganate);
• akhathamiritsa mu zolimbikitsa kukula (Zircon, Epin, agave madzi);
• limbitsani (khalani otupa mufiriji kwa masiku 1-2);
• kumera (kutentha mu chovala chonyowa pokonza mizu yaying'ono).
  

  Mukamamera mbeu, simuyenera kudikirira mizu yayitali: mukafesa, imatha kuthyoledwa mwangozi

Kodi njirayi ndiyofunika nthawi? Zachidziwikire, ntchito izi sizongopeka, koma munthu wotanganidwa alibe nthawi yochita zonsezi, chifukwa chake mutha kudziletsa kuti muchepetse mbeu. Ndipo zomwe zimagulidwa m'sitolo, musanafesere, mutha kumangolowerera maola angapo m'madzi. Pambuyo pake, zibzalidwe bwino m'magalasi ndi dothi losakaniza bwino.

Kukula kwa makapu kuyenera kukhala osachepera 300 ml, ndipo kusakaniza ndi bwino kungogula m'sitolo. Koma ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera, muyenera kupanga dothi losalowerera ndinyowa komanso chokwanira chadzimadzi. Mwachitsanzo, amathanso kukhala osakanikirana ndi malo owetera, kompositi, mchenga ndi peat, atengedwa pa chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1: 1.

Mbewu za nkhaka zimabzalidwa m'magalasi mpaka mainchesi 1.5, ndikuthiriridwa bwino ndikusungidwa mpaka kumera kutenthe (kwambiri kutentha kwa 25-28 ^zaC) Ndikwabwino kuphimba zikho ndi filimu kapena galasi, koma ngati nyumbayo sinali youma kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphukira zimawonekera masiku 5-8 ndi zina. Nthawi yomweyo mbande ziyenera kusamutsidwira kumalo oyera, owunikiridwa (16-18 ^zaC) ndikukhalabe masiku 3-4. Pambuyo pake, kutentha kwa m'chipindacho kuli koyenera nkhaka, koma pakhale kuwala kokwanira.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Posamalira mbande zamkhaka, zowopsa kwambiri ndi masiku oyamba. Ngati panthawiyi inali yopepuka komanso yozizira, mbande sizinatambasule, ndiye kuti kubweretsa m'mundamu si vuto. Ndi wopanda kuwala, zowonjezera zina ziyenera kukhala ndi zida, koma simungaganizire za kutentha: panthawiyi, nkhaka zimafunikira zomwezo monga mwini wawo. Zotsalira ndizothirira pang'ono, ngati kuli kotheka - kuvala pamwamba, komanso kuumitsa musanalime m'mundamo.

Kuthirira mbande kumayenera kukhala kokha ndi madzi ofunda (ndi kutentha pafupifupi 25 ° C). Madzi ochulukirapo sofunikira, komanso ndizothekanso kupukuta dothi. Kuchulukitsa kwa kuthirira kumatengera momwe zinthu ziliri, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika kutali ndi tsiku ndi tsiku. Mukathirira aliyense, ndi ntchito yabwino kuthira mchenga wouma kumizu ya mbewu.

Pankhani ya dothi labwino, mutha kuchita popanda kuthira feteleza. Koma ngati mbande zakula bwino, ndipo masamba ake nkukhala achikasu, muyenera kuthirira nkhaka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni (supuni 2-3 pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Palibe phulusa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamafuta aliwonse. Chovala chapamwamba chodalirika cha foliar (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yokonzera malinga ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo). Pambuyo povala chilichonse chapamwamba, kuthirira kowonjezera kumafunika.

Nkhaka mbande zakula popanda kutola. Kuthira mbande mumbale zokulirapo ndizotheka pangozi; amayesa kuchithetsa popanda kuwononga mizu.

Ziphuphu zimasulidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yodutsa ndi chiphuphu chadothi chosasweka. Kuyika kwina kulikonse kwa nkhaka ndi nkhawa yayikulu.

Sabata imodzi asanabzalidwe m'mundamo, mbande zimawumitsidwa, kupita kwakanthawi kamphepo, pokhapokha, kutentha kwa mumsewu ndi osachepera 10-12 ^zaC. Ziphuphu zimabzalidwa zaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, masamba atatu enieni. Mbande zabwino ziyenera kukhala ndi phesi lalifupi lamphamvu ndipo mwina, masamba.

Nthambi za nkhaka sizikhala zapamwamba kwambiri, koma tsinde liyenera kukhala lolimba, lolimba

Kuthira mbande m'nthaka

M'mawa wa tsiku losinthira m'mundamo, nkhaka m'magalasi zimathiriridwa bwino. Mutha kubzala mbande m'dothi losatetezeka kokha nyengo yotentha, makamaka madzulo a mitambo. Ngati kuziziritsa kumakonzekera, ndiye kuti simungathe kuukoka mopitiliza, muyenera kumanga malo ogonera kwakanthawi. Mu wowonjezera kutentha - ndi kosavuta: kwinakwake pakati pa Meyi sikungakhale kuzizira mkati mwake.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira zosiyanasiyana zobzala zimaperekedwa, koma mulimonsemo sikofunikira kuti muchepetse tchire popanda chifukwa: kuchokera pakupulumutsa malo, zokolola sizikhala zapamwamba, koma zosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, nkhaka zimabzalidwa m'mizere, ndi mtunda pakati pawo pafupifupi theka la mita, komanso pakati pa tchire mzere uliwonse 25-30 cm, koma mitundu yamitundu yolimba kwambiri - freer. Ntchito yodzala mbande - zamera zamasamba zilizonse:

1. Musanabzale, mumasuleni dothi ndikukhazikika pabedi ndi tambala.
   

   Kungoyang'ana nthaka si kophweka

2. M'malo osankhidwa, amapangira dzenje mu scoop: kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa zotengera ndi mbande zamatango.
3. Phulusa la nkhuni zingapo ndi supuni yothira feteleza wamavuto aliwonse amawonjezedwa pachitsime chilichonse, chosakanizidwa bwino ndi nthaka ndikuthirira chitsime ndi madzi ofunda.
   

   Ndikwabwino kubzala mbande m'matope, ndipo mizu yake izikhala yabwino kwambiri

4. Chotsani pang'onopang'ono mbande zakachikuto, dzalitsani dzenje. Mbeu zitha kuzamitsidwa pang'ono, pafupifupi masamba obisika, koma mizu singayikidwe mozama kwambiri: kuya, kuzizira.
   

   Chilichonse chofesedwa, ndibwino kuti muchotse mu kapu popanda kusokoneza mizu ndikuwabzala m'dzenjemo

5. Thirirani bwino bedi ndi madzi ofunda, pambuyo pake athira ndi peat kapena humus.
   

   Pakulima nkhaka zam'mango, ngakhale udzu wouma ndi woyenera.

M'malo obiriwira, mbande zimabzalidwa momwemonso, koma kukonza malo obiriwira kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa amafunika kutsukidwa kuyambira kugwa, kuthirira mabedi ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena karbofos, ndipo mwina m'malo mwake dothi ndi lina. Feteleza amabweretsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha koposa panthaka, ndipo sabata imodzi asanadzalemo mbande imawotha bedi ndikuwuthira ndi madzi otentha ndi mullein ndikuwaphimba ndi filimu. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati m'nthaka zosatetezedwa sizimakhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse pamathandizo, ndiye kuti pofiyira zida zamtchire ndi njira yodziwika bwino. Mbande zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pambuyo pa kutentha ndi mabedi, ndi mpweya mpaka kutentha kwa 16-18 ^zaC.

Kubzala nkhaka ndi mbewu mwachindunji m'mundamo

M'madera ambiri aku Russia, kukula mbande za nkhaka, polankhula, sikofunikira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku dera la Moscow, nyengo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wofikitsa mbewu mwachangu pofesa mbewu mwachisawawa, makamaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zowonadi, ma hybrids ambiri amakono amayamba kubala zipatso patatha mwezi wopitilira kuchokera pakuwoneka mbande. Chifukwa chake, kuti musangalale ndi nkhaka pakati pa chilimwe, mbewu mu Meyi zingabzalidwe mwachindunji m'mundamo.

Kubzala mbewu panthaka

Mutha kubzala mbewu pafupifupi sabata kale kuposa kubzala mbande, ndiye kuti, Meyi 20 atangotha. Ndipo ngati kwa nthawi yoyamba muzigwiritsa ntchito malo osavuta kwambiri osungirako mafilimu, ndiye kuti pakati pa mwezi mutha kubzala nkhaka, ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June muzipeza zipatso zoyambirira. Ndikwabwino kwambiri ngati mungafotokozere bedi lokonzekereratu pasadakhale ndikuwathira madzi otentha ndikuphimba ndi pulasitiki wokutira kwa sabata limodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, maudzu anzeru kwambiri amatuluka, omwe amatha kuwonongeka asanabzale.

Mbewu m'mundamo zimabzalidwa mozama pang'ono kuposa makapu: 2,5-3 cm. Njira yofesa ndi yofanana ndikamabzala mbande. Koma ngati njere zake sizikuperewera, ndibwino kuzifesa pang'ono, masentimita khumi alionse, kuti muzichotsa zochulukazo (ndipo mwina muzibzale pang'ono ndi dothi)! Ponena za momwe mizereyo ilili yolumikizana, zosankha zambiri ndizotheka, ndipo mwini amasankha yekha.

Pakulima nkhaka zochulukirapo, njira ya tepi imagwiritsidwa ntchito (tepiyo ndi mizere iwiri ndi mtunda wa 30-50 masentimita pakati pawo, pomwe 90 cm imatsala pakati pa nthiti zapafupi). Mukabzala mbeu zochepa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira wamba, pakati pa mizere iwiri kusiya malo amtundu waulere, kapena kungokhala tepi imodzi mkati mwa kama.

Mukakonza dimba limodzi laling'ono, mizere iwiri imakhazikitsidwa

Nthawi zina imagwiritsidwanso ntchito njira yokhazikitsira masikweya, pamene mabowo pafupifupi masentimita 12 mpaka 15 amakonzedwa motalikirana pafupifupi 70 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, pamtunda uliwonse womwe mpaka mabere 5 amakhala.

Chosavuta kwambiri, mutapanga khasu la poyeserera lozama, ndi bwino kuwawaza ndi madzi kuchokera kuthilira popanda strainer, kenako ndikumafalitsa mbewu zomwe zakonzedwazo ndikuwaza ndi dothi, ndikuphatikiza pang'ono. Kutsirira kuchokera kumwamba sikofunikira, koma kuphimba mbewu ndi filimu kapena spanbond kuti tisunge chinyontho ndi kutentha ndikofunikira.

Kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha

Nthawi yodzala nkhaka m'chipinda chobiriwira pafupi ndi Moscow zimatengera makamaka mtundu wake komanso kuchuluka kwa mabedi. Mulimonsemo, mutha kubzala masabata osachepera awiri kuposa m'nthaka yosatetezedwa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudikira mpaka kutentha kwa nkhaka kukhazikitsidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha. Tekinolo yofesa sikusiyana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka, kungosintha chabe panjira yofesa ndikotheka: mtunda uliwonse pakati pa tchire umadalira, makamaka, pa geometry ya greenhouse.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti nkhaka zobiriwira zobiriwira sizimakhala zotengera chikhalidwe, chifukwa muyenera kupulumutsa malo mu wowonjezera kutentha! Chifukwa chake, ma trellise amayenera kukhala ndi zida, ndipo njira yofesera imatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi pati ndipo ndi yabwino motani kuimanga. Ngati mwini wake akuganiza kuti trellis ili pafupi ndi khoma, ndiye kuti 25-30 masentimita achokemo ndikufesa njirazo. Ngati nkotheka kuyika bedi pakati pa zobiriwira, ndiye kuti amakonza mizere iwiri, ndikuwona mtunda wa pafupifupi 30 cm pakati pawo, ndikukonzekera trellis pakati pa mizereyo, ndikuwongolera zotupa mbali zonse ziwiri.

Makamaka chifukwa, pakulima kwa trellis, nkhaka zibzalidwe pang'ono, m'malo obiriwira omwe amazibweretsa feteleza wambiri: mtunda pakati pa mbeu motsatana ungachepetsedwe kufika pa 20, ndipo mitundu yokhwokha-yofikira - mpaka 15 cm. ngakhale kuti amayenera kumangirizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kapena kuwongolera zingwe zakukula m'njira yoyenera.

Kusamalira nkhaka

Kusamalira nkhaka ndi dongosolo lililonse lomwe limakula sikovuta kwambiri, koma kumafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira, kuvala kuvomerezedwa, mapangidwe a tchire, kuwongolera maudzu (ndipo ngati sichabwino, ndiye matenda) ndi kututa kwakanthaŵi.

Kulima kwakunja

Ziphuphu zamtundu uliwonse zimafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika. Sangathe kuthiridwa kotero kuti pali dambo, koma amafunika madzi ambiri. Mutha kuthirira nkhaka ndi madzi ofunda (osachepera ndi kutentha 25 ^zaC), chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuchita izi nthawi yamadzulo, madzi m'matanki akatentha kuchokera ku dzuwa.

Kuthirira ndi madzi apampopi kuchokera pamphuno sikuyenera kuperekedwa: nkhaka zimaleka kukula kuchokera kumadzi ozizira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadwala.

Madzi padziko lonse lapansi, osati pansi pamizu. Komanso, nkhaka sizimakonda kuuluka ndi tsinde ndi masamba. Kumwaza kumatheka pokhapokha kukatentha kwambiri, pomwe masamba amafunika kutsitsimutsa.

Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumadalira nyengo: nthawi zina kawiri pa sabata ndikokwanira, ndipo zimachitika kuti kuthirira tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira. Poyamba, kuthirira kapena mvula, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi losaya, ndikuchotsa namsongole. Koma popita nthawi, mizu imamera pamtunda wonse wa bedi, ndipo amakhala osaya kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kumasuka kumakhala kosatheka, ndipo kumaloledwa ndi mulching nthawi ndi nthawi mabedi. Ngati mizu idawululidwa, samangowonjezera mulch, komanso nthaka yachonde, ndikuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa patadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse (pafupi chitsamba).

Ziphuphu zimadyetsedwa kangapo nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe kusankha kwa feteleza sikungakhale wopanda malire. Ma infusions okhala ndi mafeteleza osiyanasiyana achilengedwe ndi michere ina iliyonse yamavuto amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kudyetsa koyamba kwa nkhaka kumaperekedwa masiku 12 mpaka 15 mutabzala mbande (kapena milungu itatu mutamera), lachiwiri pambuyo pakuphukira kwamaluwa oyambira, kenako milungu itatu iliyonse. Musanayambe kuvala pamwamba komanso pambuyo pake, nkhaka zimamwetsa madzi.

Zakudya zowonjezera zachilengedwe zambiri zimawoneka ngati zosagwirizana, koma nkhaka monga

Ponena za kupanga tchire, ndizosatheka kupereka malingaliro omwewo: maluso a ntchitoyi samangotengera osati kwambiri pamachitidwe olimidwa, koma zosiyanasiyana.

Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo zidatha kunena momveka bwino kuti tsamba lachiwonetsero litayamba, tsinani tsinde kuti mphukira yam'mbali ikulire, pomwe mbewu yayikulu imapangidwa. Tsopano malingaliro awa angapangitse kuchepa kwakatundu kotola: ma hybrids ambiri okhala ndi mitundu yosiyana ya zipatso.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, tchire silipanga konse, nthawi zina amakwanitsa kukula kwa mbali, ndipo nthawi zina, amangoyang'ana kwambiri kuwombera, ndikuwonjezera mphukira za mbali ziwiri zokha kwa izo. Pankhani imeneyi, munthu ayenera kuwerenga mosamala malingaliro amomwe angapangire chitsamba paphukusi ndi njere, ndipo ngati kulibe, yesani kupeza kulongosola koyenerera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamabukuwo. Koma kuti mumange timitengo titalakhula pachikhalidwe chokhazikika sikovuta: mitundu yambiri yam nkhaka imangokhalira kukhoma lililonse, imangofunikira kutumizidwa molondola, ndipo zingwezo ndizofunikira pokhapokha magawo oyambira.

Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zofewa zamapasa (kuposa bwino - kuluka kuchokera pamapepala akale), poyesera kugawa tsamba lonse la chomera pa trellis. Ngati pali masamba ambiri, nthawi zina mumatha kudula masamba owonongeka, makamaka omwe amaphimba zipatso pakuwala. Mitundu yomwe imapereka mitsempha yayitali imachepetsa kukula kwawo ndikudina pamwamba pa tsinde lalikulu pomwe imakula mpaka kutalika kwambiri "kosayenera".

Kanema: nkhaka pabwalo lotseguka

Kulima wowonjezera kutentha

Kwenikweni, kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso pamalo otseguka kumaphatikizanso magwiridwe antchito ndi malamulo, koma pali zosiyana. Mitundu yambiri yamnkhaka imakhala yopangidwira masamba obiriwira okha, kapena, panja. Mitundu ya greenhouse iyenera kukhala yololera kwambiri pamthunzi: pambuyo pake, zida zamakoma a zobiriwira zimasungabe dzuwa. Tizilombo touluka sitibowola m'malo otetezedwa, ndiye kuti nkhaka zizikhala zodzipukutira tokha.

Ngati wokonza dimbayo ali ndi wowonjezera kutentha, amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wake wonse kuti akolole zenizeni. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, mbande zakonzedwa zopangidwa zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi yomweyo akukonzekera ndi kuthandizira mbewu. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndi waya wokutidwa pansi pa denga, pomwe mbewu zimamangiriridwa, ndikupanga lamba ndi chingwe chofewa pamtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera padziko lapansi. Chosavuta kwambiri ndi kupanga ma mesh opindika, pomwe nkhaka zokha zimakwera.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yokonzera greenhouse imafuna kuti pakapangidwe tchire, motsatira malamulo amodzi. Ngati sizinali zotheka kupeza mafotokozedwe amtunduwu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kulola kuti ma khosi azikula kwamuyaya: muyenera kutsina zonse ziwiri tsinde ndi zotsalira zina zikafika patali zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizinakhale bwino kwa wosamalira dimba. Ziphuphu sizofunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi zokolola: monga lamulo, chitsamba chimatha kukula chilichonse chomwe chabzidwa, makamaka mukamathandizira kuvala pamwamba.

Ngati pali nkhaka zochepa, nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwe pafupi ndi khoma munyengo yobzala

Kuthirira mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa kunja kwake (pambuyo pake, mvula sizithandiza), koma kunyowa kwambiri sikofunika ngakhale kwa nkhaka, ndipo makamaka kwa tomato nthawi zambiri amakhala moyandikana nawo. Chifukwa chake, wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zonse amathandizira kupuma: ngati kutentha kumakwera pamwamba 30 ^zaC, chiwopsezo chake ndi chachikulu kuti masamba obiriwira azikhala owawa, ndipo ndi kutentha kwakukulu, maluwawo samapukutidwa, koma kufa. Ndipo matenda omwe ali mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri ngati kuli kotentha komanso kotentha.

Kuchokera pakuwona matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ngakhale kuti nkhaka zimakhala ndi zochuluka, anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe sachita mankhwala othandizira, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mwinanso, izi zili ndi malingaliro ake: Ndikufuna kukulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe. Komabe, ndichofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira anthu: ndibwino kupewa ngozi kusiyana ndi kuthana nayo. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mbewu ndi phulusa ndi sopo njira. Ma infusions a mbewu zosiyanasiyana amagwiranso ntchito: adyo, mankhusu a anyezi, maukonde, chowawa, etc.

Kanema: kumanga nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha

Kututa ndi kusunga

Ziphuphu za mtundu uliwonse zimayenera kusungidwa nthawi zambiri: makamaka tsiku lililonse. Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwambiri kumachulukitsa mtundu wa nyumba zobiriwira. Kututa mosakonzekera kumalepheretsa mawonekedwe a mazira otsatirawa ndikuchepetsa zokolola zonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchotsa nkhaka zoyambirira posachedwa: sizifunikira kuti zikule kukula kwake.

Pakati pa zipatso zochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokongola zokha: ndikofunikira kuchotsa "freaks" munthawi yake: nkhaka zingapo zooneka ngati zibowo, zobiriwira zosakhala zachilengedwe, zimachepetsa kukula, etc.

Ndikwabwino osang'amba chilichonse m'manja ndi manja anu, pomwe mukuvulaza zikwapu. Nkhaka ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi lumo kapena secateurs, poyesa kusiya bua pa chomera. Nthawi yabwino yakukolola m'mawa kwambiri kapena, mochedwa, nthawi yamadzulo: panthawiyi, greenery ndiwofunika kwambiri, wokoma, ndipo udzasungidwa nthawi yayitali.

Makoko oterowo amaletsa kwambiri zipatso, ayenera kusakanikirana mwachangu

Tsoka ilo, mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka imasungidwa pang'ono: kwambiri "kusewera" kwambiri zimatha kugona m'chipinda chapansi pa milungu itatu, koma mawonekedwe awo amayamba kuchepa. Sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri za nkhaka zimatha kugona mufiriji, wokutidwa ndi pulasitiki. Nthawi zina phwando limathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa alumali, kuphatikiza kuti nkhaka amazidula pamodzi ndi tsinde ndikuziyika m'madzi pafupifupi ngati maluwa, koma zipatsozo zimamizidwa kuti, kupatula tsinde, zipatso za 1-2 cm zokha ndizomwe zimakhala m'madzi.

Imasunganso nkhaka ndi filimu ya dzira loyera, lomwe limapangidwa ndikungopaka zinthu zobiriwira ndi mapuloteni osaphika. Koma zilizonse sizikulolani kuti muzisunga nkhaka kukhala zokoma monga "mwachindunji m'mundamo."

Nkhaka, ngakhale kuti idachokera kumayiko ofunda, tsopano imadziwika kuti ndi masamba enieni aku Russia, nthawi zambiri amayerekezedwa ndi munthu wamphamvu komanso wathanzi: "ngati nkhaka!" Popanda iyo, palibe munda umodzi wa Moscow womwe ungaganiziridwe. Ndipo, ngakhale kulima nkhaka kuli ndi nzeru zake, pafupifupi nzika zonse za chilimwe zimachita izi, ndipo ambiri amachita bwino.