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Bakha mtundu

Ndi mitundu yanji ya abakha

Nthawi zina kusankha mtundu wa mbalame kuti zikhale zoweta zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa padziko lapansi pali pafupifupi 84. Timalangiza kuti tiyambe kufotokoza bwino zolinga za mbalame. Ngati cholinga chachikulu ndi kupeza nyama, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusankha kuchokera ku nyama. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mazira kuchokera ku mbalame, ndiye kuti muyang'ane mitundu ya mazira. Kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi ndikukhazikitsa panthawi imodzi ntchito ziwiri - kukhala ndi mazira ndi nyama - zitha kupezeka pogula nyama ndi dzira abakha. Takusankhira inu mtundu umene umayenera kuonetsetsa alimi a nkhuku m'madera onsewa. Komanso m'nkhaniyi mudzapeza kufotokoza kwa mitundu ya zinyama ndi indoutok.

Mitundu ya abakha abakha

Ambiri otchuka pakati pa alimi a nkhuku ndi nyama ndi nyama ndi abakha. Zimakhulupirira kuti zomwe zili mu dzira - ndi zopanda phindu. Ndipo sikuti aliyense amakonda kudya mazira a bakha, ndiye kuti, ndimasewera.

Nyama

Mbalame zabwino kwambiri m'gulu lino ndi mbalame za mitundu:

  • Bashkir;
  • Mzinda;
  • Mulard;
  • Chosangalatsa buluu;
  • Grey Ukrainian.

Mitundu iyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, kapangidwe kakang'ono ka mtundu, mtundu wa mafunde ndi zokolola.

Bashkir bakha

Ali ndi lamulo lolimba lomwe lili ndi mfuti yotchuka kwambiri. Thupi liri pazithunzithunzi zolimba, zoikidwa kwambiri. Mutu waufupi wokhala ndi mlomo waukulu wa concave umayikidwa pa khosi lalifupi. Mapiko oyandikana kwambiri ndi thupi. Mphunoyi ndijambulidwa mu mitundu iwiri: wakuda ndi woyera ndi khaki.

Manyowa a akuluakulu akuluakulu ndi makilogalamu 4. Onetsetsani nyama mwa iwo 70%. Nyama ndi yachisomo, mulibe kukoma kwake komweko. Kuchita bwino mwa mazira ndi zidutswa 238 kwa masiku 280. Unyinji uliwonse uli pafupifupi 90 g.

Kutha msinkhu m'bakha kumachitika patatha miyezi inayi. Pa msinkhu womwewo, mbalamezo zimafika pachimake cha kulemera kwake. Dyetsani chakudya pa 1 munthu aliyense - 2.73 unit.

Zotsatira za abambo:

  • nsomba zapamwamba za achinyamata - pafupifupi 80%;
  • bwino chitetezo cha m'thupi;
  • kukwanitsa kusintha mosavuta kukhala muzochitika zilizonse;
  • kudziletsa kudya ndi kusamalira;
  • kupindula mwamsanga;
  • chakudya chochepa;
  • mafuta ochepa.
Kuipa:
  • kupezeka kwa madzi abwino akumwa;
  • kudya kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njala;
  • Dzira lochepetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi khaki.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, palinso ma vertebrae pafupifupi m'khosi mwa bakha monga m'khosi mwa thalala. Zangokhala zazikulu kwambiri.

Peking bakha

Mbalame ili ndi thupi lamphamvu kwambiri. Imakhala ndi mutu waukulu, khosi lakuda kwambiri, chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi miyendo yayikulu ya lalanje. Mapikowa ndi amphamvu, moyandikana ndi thupi. Mchira unakwezedwa. Mvula yakuda.

Drakes amafika pamtunda wa 3.6-4.2 kg, abakha - 3.4-3.9 makilogalamu. Kuyamba kwa dzira kumapanga miyezi 5-5.5. Mphamvu yake yaikulu ndi mazira 140 pachaka. Unyinji wa aliyense - 85-90 g. Ubwino:

  • nthawi yaitali yopanga dzira;
  • kusintha kwabwino kwa nyengo yozizira;
  • chisamaliro;
  • palibe kusowa kwa malo osungirako pafupi.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge momwe bakha akukhalira pa mazira kuti apeze chifukwa chake bakha akusambira m'madzi, momwe angasungire nkhuku ndi abakha molondola, momwe mungatetezere mapiko a abakha.

Kuipa:

  • kusakanizika mosavuta dongosolo ndi mantha opanda pake;
  • kusowa kwazing'anga;
  • Matenda afupipafupi omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chosawonongeka komanso nkhuku yaiwisi.

Mulard

Iwo ndi hybrids, amabala kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana: madyerero a musk ndi Bashkir, Peking, abakha a Rouen, White al, Orgington. Mbalame zimamangidwa bwino. Matupi awo ndi oblongwa, mutu ndi wautali kukula, khosi liri lalitali, miyendo ndi yaifupi.

Drakes amapeza kulemera kwa makilogalamu 4 mpaka 7, abakha - 0.5 kg kuwala. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu mbalameyo imakula kukula kwakukulu - pafupifupi 4 kg. Chiwindi cha chiwindi mu drakes ndicho 0.5-0.55 makilogalamu. Kutulutsa mazira kumayamba masiku 180-210. Patsiku, mulardy amadya pafupifupi 340 g chakudya.

Ubwino:

  • nyama yokoma ndi yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi mafuta osachepera peresenti ya 3%;
  • chiyeretso;
  • kukwiya;
  • kuyambira koyambirira kwa dzira;
  • chisamaliro;
  • kukolola kwakukulu;
  • Mtengo wa chiŵerengero cha akatswiri odzala zipatso monga mankhwala a foie gras.
Kuipa:
  • kusalephera kubereka;
  • kusakhazikika kwa dampness.
Mukudziwa? Palibe mapeto a mitsempha pamatumba a abakha, kotero amatha kuyenda mosavuta pamwamba kapena kutentha pamwamba popanda kumva bwino.

Buluu lokonda

Mbalame yokhala ndi malamulo okhwima, chifuwa chachikulu, ziwalo zofiira kwambiri. Beak ndi paws ndi chovala cha bluish. Kuthamanga ngati, buluu, buluu.

Drakes amafika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 5, abakha - 4 makilogalamu. Ndi kudya kwambiri, madyerero akhoza kudya makilogalamu 8, akazi - mpaka 6 kg. Nyama ndizokoma, popanda fungo labwino ndi kulawa. Pali mafuta ochepa mkati mwake. Mazira a mazira ndi mazira 100-150 pachaka olemera 80-85 g. Ubwino:

  • kusamalidwa bwino m'madera osiyanasiyana;
  • zolemba;
  • kumvetsera - kumakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndikufika kulemera kwake kwa mbalame yakula;
  • nyama yokoma, yamtengo wapatali ndi mafuta ochepa;
  • maonekedwe okongola.
Chosavuta ndi chakuti abakha a mitundu iyi ndi nkhuku zoipa.

Chirashaya

Izi ndi mbalame zokhala ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri, mimba yambiri, mapiko apakati, kutalika kwa thupi, mutu wautali, mulomo wamphamvu ndi khosi lakuda. Mphunoyi imakhala yofiirira ndi mzere woyera pa khosi.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse ana aang'ono ndi abakha, komanso momwe mungaperekere chakudya kwa abakha ndi manja anu.

Drakes amatenga makilogalamu 3.5, akazi - mpaka 3 kg. Nyama ya mbalamezi ndizokoma, osati zonunkhira. Munthu mmodzi amabweretsa mazira 120 mpaka 140 pachaka. Ndipo pansi pazifukwa zabwino kwambiri kusunga abakhawo ndi mazira oposa 200. Ubwino:

  • chipiriro;
  • kudzichepetsa;
  • chitetezo chabwino;
  • nyama;
  • kuwonetseratu pamodzi;
  • Kusintha kwabwino nyengo yozizira.
Zina mwa zofookazo zimaphatikizapo kusakhazikika kwa zojambula.

Nyama-dzira, kapena dzira-nyama

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nyama ndi mazira ndi:

  • Khaki Campbell;
  • Cayuga;
  • Saxon;
  • Mirror;
  • Orpington.

Khaki Campbell

Mbalame yaing'ono yokhala ndi thupi lofufuma ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Mutu ndi waung'ono, womwe uli pamutu wochepa. Mapikowa ndi achidule, osasinthika. Khosi ndi nsana ndi bulauni, ziwalo zina zonse za thupi ndi khaki.

Drakes amalemera makilogalamu atatu, akazi awiri makilogalamu awiri. Zokolola za nyama ndi pafupifupi 90%. Kutulutsa mazira - zidutswa 350 pachaka. Unyinji wa dzira limodzi ndi 80 g.

Ubwino:

  • mazira okwera mazira;
  • chithunzithunzi chowongolera bwino;
  • kukoma kwa nyama;
  • kuchepetsa mafuta;
  • kukwiya, kusagwirizana;
  • luso lokhazikika kumakhala muzochitika zilizonse.
Kuipa:
  • mapiko osalimba bwino ndipo alibe mphamvu zowulukira;
  • sanakhazikitsidwe chidziwitso nasizhivaniya.

Cayuga

Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali kwambiri, mutu waung'onong'onoting'ono, mphumi yakulu ndi mlomo waukulu kwambiri. Thupi liri ndi mdima wakuda ndi zitsamba zobiriwira. M'midima yamdima inkajambula miyendo ndi mlomo. Mapikowa ndiatali, pafupi ndi thupi.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge zambiri za kayuga yobereketsa.

Drakes amapeza masentimita 4, abakha - 3.5 makilogalamu. Kuphedwa chifukwa cha nyama kumapangidwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. M'chaka chimodzi mkazi amatha kubweretsa mazira 100 mpaka 150 olemera 80-100 g.Chipolopolo cha mazira ndi chakuda.

Ubwino:

  • chabwino chikhalidwe nasizhivaniya;
  • kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo iliyonse ndi nyengo;
  • bwino;
  • nyama;
  • kukwiya, bata;
  • zokongoletsera;
  • okhuta chakudya ndi chisamaliro.
Zina mwa zolephera: kuti zitheke bwino, mbalame zimafunika kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Pouluka ku maiko otentha, abakha amatha kukwera mtunda wa makilomita 9 ndikudumpha pansi pamadzi kufunafuna chakudya cha mamita 6.

Saxon bakha

Mbalame zili ndi thupi laling'ono, lomwe limakwera pamwamba. Mphuno ya drake ndi yazimuna imasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu. Amuna, kawirikawiri ndi lalanje ndi ofiira, mutu, khosi, ndi mapiko ndi a buluu ndi zitsulo zamkuwa. Pa khosi ali ndi choyera choyera. Zazikazi zimakhala zofiira ndi zizindikiro zachikasu.

Zokwanira za abakha a Saxon: chiwerengero chokwanira cha drake - makilogalamu 3, akazi - 2.5, pafupifupi mazira a pachaka - zidutswa 200 zolemera 75-80 g. Ubwino:

  • zokolola zabwino;
  • kupulumuka kwa achinyamata;
  • nyama yamtengo wapatali;
  • zokongoletsera;
  • chikhalidwe;
  • chipiriro

Bulu lamaluwa

Mtunduwu unadulidwa mwa kudutsa nyama ya Bakha ndi nyama ndi dzira Khaki Campbell. Izi ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mphamvu zolimba, thupi lalitali ndi lalikulu. Mutu wawo ndi wawung'ono, womwe umakhala kutalika kwa khosi. Thupi limakhala ndi mabala ofiira ofiira. Bill ndi wakuda, miyendo ndi lalanje.

Phunzirani zambiri za phindu la nyama ya bata, mafuta ndi mazira.

Amuna ali ndi mutu wabuluu ndi mutu. Pafupipafupi, abambo a magalasi amafikira anthu ambiri kuchokera pa 2.8 mpaka 3.8 kg. Munthu amakoka mazira pafupifupi 150 pachaka. Ubwino:

  • kukula;
  • kupirira bwino;
  • zokolola zabwino;
  • chitetezo chabwino cha ducklings - mpaka 95%;
  • nyama;
  • kupanga mazira abwino;
  • mawonekedwe okongola.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kubereka zipatso zambiri za abakha abulu, ayenera kupereka zinthu 4 zofunika: nyumba ya nkhuku yotentha, yomwe miyezo yaukhondo ndi yaukhondo imayang'aniridwa, malo osungiramo zakudya, zakudya zabwino, zatsopano, madzi abwino.

Orpington

Anagwidwa ndi kudutsa mitundu ingapo: Eilsbury, Cayuga, Indian Runner. Oimira a mtunduwu ali ndi thupi lamphamvu, lachifuwa, lopukuta khosi, mutu waung'ono. Mtundu wawo umakhala wofiira kapena wachikasu wofiira.

Amayi ambiri amalemera 2.7-3.3 kg, amuna - 2.8-3.6 makilogalamu. Mlingo wa dzira ndi wapamwamba - 140-160 zidutswa.

Ubwino:

  • khalidwe lapamwamba la nyama;
  • kupanga mazira;
  • mwatsatanetsatane.

Zoipa - kusasamala pamene mukudya chakudya.

Yaytsenoskie

Pofuna kupeza mazira akuluakulu omwe angatheke, wothamanga wa ku India nthawi zambiri amamera. Iyi ndi mbalame yokhala ndi thupi lotetezedwa, ndi chiwonetsero chowoneka, chifuwa chozungulira. Iye ali ndi mutu wa pakati, wamtundu wambiri, miyendo yamphamvu yomwe imamulola iye mofulumira ndi molimba mtima kuthamanga ndi kusambira. Mphungu ndi mtundu wosiyana. Ambiri - mithunzi yofiirira. Kubala kwa othamanga a ku India - mazira 350 olemera 80 g. Anthu okhwima amalemera 2 kg.

Ubwino:

  • chisangalalo;
  • kupanga mazira;
  • chitetezo cha mthupi;
  • kusinthika bwino kwa zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kuzizira;
  • mwatsatanetsatane.

Zoipa - mantha owonjezera.

Mitundu yamatchi

Mitundu pafupifupi 120 ya abakha amakhala kumthengo. Zina mwa izo ndizo zomwe zimaonekera ndi mtundu wosangalatsa ndi wodabwitsa wa maula, thupi, chigoba, ndi ziwomveka. Ngakhalenso abakha, monga lamulo, ali ndi mapiko akuluakulu ndi afupiafupi, mothandizidwa ndi maulendo angapo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma memphane. Zili zochepa kwambiri. Kugonana ndi dimorphism nthawi zambiri kumamveka bwino mu mtundu wa nthenga - amuna amatala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri pamaso pa molt.

Abakha abulu angasungidwenso kunyumba. Komabe, iwo ayenera kukonzekera chakudya chapadera - chomwe amadya kuthengo: mwachitsanzo, masamba a mtsinje, algae, ndi zina zotero.

Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za momwe mungabweretse abakha a kuthengo, komanso momwe mungapangire chakudya kwa abakha.

Mtsinje

Mitundu ya mtsinje imasiyanasiyana ndi ena poti imasambira chakudya, samadzimadziza m'madzi mwathunthu, koma imangomangirira pang'ono. Khalani nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya ndi zomera zambiri.

  1. Mitundu yambiri mwa mtsinje - mallards. Izi ndi mbalame zazikulu zolemera 2 kg ndi mitu yaikulu, mchira waufupi, njuchi yamtunda. Mtundu wa mkazi wokhawokha ndi wosasinthika - bulauni ndi mawanga amdima. Amunawa ndi okongola - ali ndi mutu ndi khosi lobiriwira, bulauni, bulauni ndi peritoneum. Amakhala m'mabasi ndi madzi atsopano kapena aang'ono.
  2. Mitundu ina yambiri ya mtsinje ndi bulu wamvi. Amakhala m'madera otchedwa steppe ndi nkhalango za Eurasia ndi North America. Maonekedwe akufanana kwambiri ndi mallard. Komabe, drake imvi sichikhala ndi maluwa owala kwambiri. Komanso, nthumwi za mitundu iyi ndizomwe zimakhala zokongola kwambiri. Kulemera kwa madzi otentha - 0,6-1.3 makilogalamu - amuna, 0.5-1 makilogalamu - akazi.
  3. Komanso munthu wocheperapo kwambiri wa banja la bakha ndi wa mtsinjewu - kulira mluzi. Kulemera kwa akazi kumafikira 200-400 g, amuna - 50 g zambiri. Zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi mluzi ndizosimba khosi ndi mapapati. Mtundu waukulu wa mvula yamphongo ndi imvi. Mbali zina za thupi ndi zojambulidwa mu mitundu yowala. Mkazi ndi wofiirira. Mafuta amakhala mumadzi osaya, m'nkhalango yamtunda, tundra, nkhalango-steppe.

Krohali

Crohals ali ndi mlomo wautali, wamakina wolimba kwambiri ndi mano owopsa pamapeto ndipo thupi ndi khosi lalitali.

Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge momwe mungapangire nkhokwe kwa abakha ndi manja anu, komanso ngati n'zotheka kusunga nkhuku ndi abakha m'chipinda chimodzi.

Pali mitundu itatu ya krokhaley:

  • lalikulu;
  • choyimira;
  • zovuta.

Oimira oyambirira amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango. Ali ndi kukula kwa thupi - mpaka 70 cm m'litali ndi 1.5 makilogalamu kulemera kwake. Pali mithunzi yambiri mu thupi - pali zakuda, zoyera, zofiirira, mitundu ya lalanje. Pamutu wawung'ono ndilo logi. Ambiri amalumikizana nawo kumalo osungirako nkhalango. Mu drakes, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 60 cm, mwa akazi ndi 55. Unyinji wa abakha okhwima ndi makilogalamu imodzi. Chomera chawo chiri kumbuyo kwa mutu.

Scaly merganser ndizochepa. Maonekedwe, ndi ofanana ndi a kohalya. Komabe, ili ndi kukula kwake kakang'ono - masentimita 40 m'litali ndi 0,5 kg mulemera. Pamutu mwa akazi ndi lalikulu kwambiri.

Kujambula

Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, mbalamezi zimadya chakudya pothamanga pansi pa madzi. Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka kwambiri ku Northern Hemisphere. Ambiri mwa abakhawa amapezeka ku North America. Popita pamadzi pali mitundu yambiri. Ambiri mwa iwo - mazira, akuda, ma marble.

  1. Kujambula - zazikulu kukula ndi kulemera kwake, wamkulu akulemera pafupifupi 0,9 makilogalamu. Iwo ali ndi mutu waukulu ndi khosi lalifupi. Mphungu imakhala yofiira malingana ndi mtundu womwe bakha ndiwe. Monga pafupifupi abakha onse abulu, amuna amawoneka okongola kwambiri - mitu yawo imakhala yokutidwa mu mitundu yowala. Malo okhala ndi malo otentha amakhala otentha kwambiri.
  2. Cherneti zofanana kwambiri ndi kuthawa. Thupi lawo liri logwirana, koma lachimake. Mutu ndi waukulu, womwe uli pamphepete mwafupipafupi. Ndalamayi ndi yakuda kapena imvi. Pamapiko ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka. M'matope akuda mitundu yambiri imasiyanasiyana, yomwe imasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa mphukira zawo.
  3. Teal Marbled - Iyi ndi imodzi mwa abakha ang'onoang'ono abulu, omwe amphongo ndi amphongo ali ndi nthenga yomweyo - bulauni ndi mdima ndi mdima. Iwo ali ochepa mu kukula ndi kulemera kwake - amalemera pafupifupi 0,6 makilogalamu. Anapezeka ku Asia, Europe, India, Russia.
Ndikofunikira! Alenje amakonda kukasaka abusa a abakha. Komabe, nkofunika kutsatira malamulo omwe amayendetsa kusaka, osati kuphwanya mau ololedwa, osasaka. Ntchito ya mlenje aliyense ndiyeneranso kuthana ndi zofunikira kuti zikhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso mbalame zimaswana.

Indeodine Musk Bakha

Nthawi zambiri lero mu famu simungapeze abakha wamba, komanso indoutok. Izi ndi mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi mdima wandiweyani ndi malo oyera. Iwo anabadwira ku Mexico ndi South America, ndipo kenako adadziwika m'mayiko ena. Dzina lawo lina ndi musky, limene analandira chifukwa cha fungo la mafuta.

Kutalika kwa abambo am'mudzi Indo-abakha amafikira 90 cm, kulemera - 4-6 makilogalamu. Thupi lakazi ndi lalifupi - 65 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 2-3 makilogalamu. Intoys ali ndi mutu waukulu, wokhala ndi mutu wambiri wokhala ndi minofu yofiira. Mbalamezi sizimasiyana ndi precocity. Kawirikawiri dzira lawo limapanga mazira 70 mpaka 120 pachaka. Ali ndi chizoloŵezi chabwino chotsitsimula, chifukwa chakuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamangoyamwa mazira okha, koma mitundu ina ya mbalame.

Werengani zambiri zokhudza kubereketsa, kuyamwa ndi kudyetsa abakha a musk, komanso momwe mungakonzekeretse chipinda cha kukula indouka, bwanji osathamangira pafupi ndi indouka, kaya n'zotheka kudya indoutok mazira ndi nthawi yoti mudye nyama.

Imodzi mwazofunika kwambiri za abakha a musk ndi nyama zokoma komanso zowonda. Ndipamwamba kwambiri kwa mitundu ina ya bakha. Ku Indo-abakha pali mitundu yambiri malinga ndi mtundu wa nthenga, miyendo ndi mlomo.

Mitundu yoyamba:

  • белая - ndi nthenga zoyera, mlomo wa pinki ndi miyendo yachikasu;
  • wakuda - ali ndi mdima wakuda ndi nsalu zofiira, mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zakuda;
  • wakuda ndi woyera - mtundu waukulu ndi wakuda ndi nsalu zofiirira, chifuwa ndi choyera-chakuda, paws ndi chikasu, mulomo ndi wofiira;
  • zofiirira ndi zoyera - Thupi limakhala ndi nthenga za chokoleti ndi zokometsera zobiriwira, pamutu ndi pachifuwa pali nthenga zoyera, mlomo uli wofiira, miyendo imakhala imvi;
  • buluu - ali ndi thupi lonse la buluu lokhala ndi mdima wambiri pamapiko ndi mfuu yakuda.

Choncho, pali mitundu yambiri ya abakha ndi abusa. Kunyumba kumasankhidwa mu chuma, malingana ndi kayendedwe ka zokolola zawo: nyama, nyama, dzira, dzira.

Ngakhalenso abakha amagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri: mtsinje, mgwirizano, kuthawa ndi ena. Amakhaka a abambo, kapena abakha a musk, amadziwika ngati gulu losiyana. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe ake, ubwino ndi zovuta, komanso zofunikira pa moyo.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa