Willow ali ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe ili ndi zitsamba, mitengo ndi zokwawa. Iwo amakula bwino, amatha kusintha moyenera kumatauni ndipo ndi ochepetsetsa. Zokongoletsera za zomerazi zimapangitsa kuti zisangalatsedwe za okonza mapulani. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi msondodzi wakulira, zomwe nkhaniyi yaperekedwa.
Mitundu ya msondodzi wolira
M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa 600 ya mitsempha. Zimamera paliponse, zimapezeka ngakhale mu tundra ndi Arctic.
Mawindo akulira amakula mpaka mamita 25-30 ndipo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 100. Thunthu la mtengo ndi lamphamvu, lophimbidwa ndi makungwa amvi. Korona ndi yayikulu, kufalikira. Masamba ali ndi mdima wobiriwira, kuchokera pansi iwo ali owala komanso ngati ataphimbidwa ndi mdima wonyezimira.
Mitengo yambiri yachisoni imadabwa ndi kukongola kwawo ndi zosiyanasiyana. Nawa ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Msondodzi woyera. Kutalika kwake (kutalika kwake ndi 25-27 mamita) ndi kuona modzichepetsa. Amatchulidwa mogwirizana ndi masamba a siliva. Imalekerera chisanu ndipo imatha kukula m'madera othunzi. Zikuwoneka bwino pakati pa mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira ndipo imakhala ngati malo okongoletsera mitengo yofiira.
- Mbuzi ya Willow (bredana). Mu kasupe, pamene maluwa pa mphukira za mitundu iyi, maluwa akuphulika amaphuka, ndipo msondodzi wa mbuzi umawoneka ngati yaikulu dandelion. Msondodzi woterewu umabzalidwa pa dacha mumagulu a magulu, ngakhale kuti amawoneka bwino kwambiri pamodzi ndi zomera za masamba abwino kwambiri.
- Msondodzi ndi prutovidnaya. Mtengo waukulu (mpaka mamita 8) ndi nthambi zambiri. Pamene maluwa pamapazi, timatumba ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga 6 cm timapanga, ndipo shrub imakhala yofiira nthawiyi.
- Willow ndi yabwino kwambiri. Zimasiyana ndi mavilera ena onse omwe amawoneka ofiira. Msondodzi woterewu ndi wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi mizu yokhala ndi mizu ya zipatso komanso kuti imakula mofulumira (zimatenga zaka zopitirira 2 kukula).
- Willow wa Babulo. Mtengowu sukula kuposa mamita 15 m'litali ndi korona wa mamita 9 m'lifupi. Imakula mofulumira, imayang'ana bwino m'magulu a magulu m'mabwato.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande kubzala
Pansi pa chilengedwe, msondodzi ukhoza kubala mbewu ndipo mu chikhalidwe cha kulira kwa msondodzi kumawonjezeka kusonkhanitsa kapena kupeza mmera.
Choyamba, mbande amasankha tsinde lachisanu, ndi mitengo yabwino. Ndikofunika kuti zaka zazing'ono zinyama zikhale zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri ndipo zinakololedwa kumayambiriro kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Pamaso pa mbande zimayikidwa mu mchenga wamchenga kapena mu chidebe cha madzi.
Mukudziwa? Willow anaonekera padziko lapansi kale - mabwinja ake amapezeka kale mu Cretaceous, ndipo mitundu yamakono (ashy, white, prutovidnaya) inakula m'zaka za Quaternary.
Malo oti abzala msondodzi
Mtsinje wachisoni uyenera kubzalidwa mumdima, mchenga, mochepetsetsa dothi loamy. Chiwembucho chiyenera kutseguka, bwino, dzuwa, zotheka ndi penumbra.
Kuonjezera apo, pa malo omwe akukonzekera kukula msondodzi, madzi apansi ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi pamwamba. Ngati muli ndi malo pa malo omwe nthawi zonse amaikidwa m'manda chifukwa cha chisanu, ndiye kuti izi ndizomwe mumakonda msondodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mthunzi uli wonse, ming'oma yolira siimakula. Ngakhale mu chilengedwe, mitengo ya msondodzi simukupezeka m'chipululu.
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala msondodzi
Pofuna kudzala mtengo pa chiwembu chanu, ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yoyenera pamene kuli bwino kubzala msondodzi wakulira m'malo osatha. Njira yabwino - kumapeto kwa chisanu, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka. Komanso, mizu ya mmera imayenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino. Mukhoza kubzala msondodzi mu kugwa, kutha kwa kutaya kwa madzi, koma kumadera omwe pali chisanu chochuluka.
Malamulo a kubzala msondodzi mbande
Mu mbande za nthaka zimayikidwa mozama kotero kuti masamba angapo amakhala pamwamba. Musanabzala msondodzi wouma, akumba dzenje 60 masentimita kuti mtengo ndi 50 cm pa tchire. Kuzama kwa fossa kuyenera kukhala masentimita 40. Ngati mmera uli ndi mizu yotsekedwa, fossa iyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa dziko lapansi. Ngati nkhukuyi ikukonzekera kuti idzafesedwe ngati mpanda, ndiye kukumba ngalande 40 cm ndi 40-50 cm.
Mukudziwa? Mwachikhalidwe cha anthu, msondodzi umakhala ndi chisoni ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi chizindikiro cha kukongola.Chifukwa cholemera dongo dothi, madzi amafunika. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mchenga kapena wosweka mwala wosanjikiza wa 20-30 masentimita amatsanulira pansi pa dzenje chifukwa chodzala.
Kuti msondodzi ukulira bwino kuti ukhale pansi, Muyenera kukonzekera zakudya zosakaniza za nthaka, peat ndi kompositi, zomwe zimatengedwa mofanana. Mukhoza kuwonjezera 200 g ya azofosca kuti osakaniza. Zowonjezera zimadzaza dzenje lachitatu ndikuyika mmera.
Ndiye nthaka yozungulira nyembayo imakhala yovuta kwambiri moti dzenje limatsikira mozungulira. Kumapeto kwa kubzala, 2 zidebe zamadzi zimatsanulira pansi pa mbeu iliyonse.
Ngati masiku a msondodzi wodulidwa adagwa m'dzinja, dothi liyenera kukhala ndi udzu kapena masamba owuma, ndipo mbande zokha ziyenera kupangidwa ndi masamba a spruce.
Ngati kudula kuli pamwamba, Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhwangwa yothandizira imakonzera malo owonekera pafupi nawo.
Mukudziwa? Willow m'madera osiyanasiyana amatchedwa mosiyana: msondodzi, mpesa, mdima, msondodzi, udzu, mbewu zosapsa, mpesa, rakita.
Momwe mungasamalire msondodzi wokulira
Kuti msondodzi udzuke mwamsanga ndikuwoneka wokoma, muyenera kudziwa zochepa za kukula ndi kusamalira zomera. Kusamala kwakukulu kumayenera kulipidwa ku chisamaliro cha msondodzi wokulira kwa nthawi yoyamba mutabzala.
Kuthirira
Popeza msondodzi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, amafunikira kuthirira mobwerezabwereza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka, mitengo yaying'ono imakula mofulumira, imapindula mamita 3 pachaka. Choncho, panthawiyi amafunika kuthirira madzi awiri (1-2). Mvula imamwetsa m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa.
Madzi sayenera kutsanulidwa kokha pamzu, komanso pa korona.
Mukudziwa? Kale makungwa a Willow amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga antipyretic ndi anti-inflammatory agent, ndipo salicylic acid imatchedwa dzina lake kuchokera ku Latin Latin-willow.
Kupaka pamwamba
Mukamabzala mtengo mu chiwembu chanu, ganizirani momwe mungadyetse, popeza kukula kwa msondodzi wokhutira msondodzi sikungagwire ntchito popanda iwo. Kudyetsa kumachitika mu kasupe kapena autumn, pamene kukumba bwalo la thunthu.
Manyowa aliwonse (mchere ndi organic) ali oyenera kuphika misozi. Kulengeza kwawo panthawi yonseyi kumakhala chitsimikiziro cha kuyang'ana kwa zomera ndi zowoneka bwino. M'chaka ndi chilimwe amapanga zovuta kudyetsa, ndipo mu August - superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Kuchuluka kwa fetereza kumadalira zaka za zomera.
Mu kasupe, ndi bwino kumasula nthaka pafupi ndi mtengo ndikuwonjezeranso zokometsera mchere. M'nyengo yophukira, masamba osweka ndi mphukira zakutchire amachotsedwa pa webusaitiyi ndipo mu October-November amaphimba mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Musasiye masamba otsala pansi pa msondodzi - ali ndi tansinayi zomwe zimakhudza zokolola za zomera.
Haircut ndi korona mapangidwe
Ngati kulira mtengo wa msondodzi musadulidwe, ndiye kuti mapangidwe a korona adzachitika - nthambi zidzakula mosavuta, ndipo mtengo udzatayika. Choncho haircut - njira yovomerezeka. Pambuyo kudulira, mungathe kupeza matabwa a mawonekedwe osasangalatsa komanso okongola.
M'zaka zoyambirira za moyo (mpaka zaka zisanu), chomera sichisowa tsitsi. Willow ikupeza mphamvu, kukhala ndi mphamvu, kukula ndi kukula. Pamene nthambi zikukula mpaka mamita, ndi bwino kuyambitsa kudulira koyamba.
Kwenikweni, msondodzi umatuluka m'nyengo yamasika, koma mungathe kuchita izi m'chilimwe. Nsonga za nthambi zimfupikitsidwa ndi 30-35 masentimita. Mdulidwe umachitidwa molunjika pamwamba pa mphukira yapamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kudula msondodzi pamaluwa.Kukhazikitsa mitengo ya msondodzi nthawi zonse kudzakuthandizani kupanga mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi korona wokongola zaka 5-6 mutabzala.
Matenda owopsa ndi tizirombo tomwe timakonda mitengo ya msondodzi
Kusamala kwambiri pamene kulima msondodzi kulira kuyenera kulipidwa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda omwe angakhudze kukongola uku. Kotero Nthawi zambiri ming'oma imatha kuopsezedwa:
- masamba afadala;
- mbozi;
- kangaude;
- njovu;
- ntchentche;
- aphid;
- makoswe-ngati makoswe.
Pa matenda omwe amapezeka ambiri a msondodzi ndi ofunika kuwonekera:
- powdery mildew;
- dzimbiri;
- necrosis;
- kupenya;
- nkhanambo
Komanso, makungwa ndi nthambi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kawirikawiri kuti zikhale ndi zizindikiro zogonana, Panthawi yochitapo kanthu pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimadulidwa ku malo abwino, ndipo mfundo zochepetsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Yesetsani kuteteza khungwa la msondodzi kuwonongeka kwa magetsi - odwala matenda amalowa mkati mwawo.Necrosis mankhwala ochizira matendawa amachitika mu August kapena May, kwa nyengo yotsatira.
Ngati nkhungu zimatuluka pamagulu a msondodzi, chomeracho chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi kukonzekera mkuwa.
Kubalanso kwa msondodzi cuttings
Njira yosavuta komanso yabwino kwambiri kubzala msondodzi wakulira ndi kudula. Mbeu yaing'ono imasanduka mtengo wokongola. Palibe chovuta pa momwe mungamere mtengo wa cuttings.
Cuttings kukolola mu autumn kapena kumayambiriro kasupe. Kusankha mphukira zazing'ono zosapitirira zaka ziwiri - choncho mwinanso kuti nthambiyo iyambe.
Pofuna kumera chomera choyenera kapena chokhazikika pakati pa chomeracho, chomwe chimatha kupanga mizu mwamsanga. The cuttings ayenera kukhala 20-50 masentimita mu msinkhu ndi 5-20 mm mwake.
Kukonzekera cuttings obzalidwa mu chidebe kapena wowonjezera kutentha pa mtunda wa masentimita 20-30. Panthawi ya chisamaliro, chidwi chenicheni chimaperekedwa kwa nthaka chinyezi, nthawi zonse chimamasula nthaka ndikuchotsa mbande za zomera zapakati.
The cuttings kukula mwamsanga, koma fulumirani ndi kusintha kumalo osatseguka sikoyenera - achinyamata ayenera overwinter. Chaka chokha, a cuttings ali okonzeka kusintha mofulumira kumalo atsopano ndikuyamba kukula.
Willow ndi mtengo wotchuka kwambiri wamtchire, womwe umadziwika mosavuta ndi mphukira zake zazitali. Chifukwa cha chodziwika chokha chomera ichi, amaluwa ambiri amasangalala kukula, komanso kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito msondodzi wolira komanso momwe angasamalirire bwino izo zidzatheketsa kuti pa siteti yanu mukhale mtengo wathanzi wa mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ndi yodabwitsa.
