ny.pastureone.com
Mitedza ya phwetekere

Yabwino mitundu ya tomato kwa Moscow dera ndi zithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Pofuna kusonkhanitsa zipatso zambiri zokoma m'dzinja, olima ndiwo nthawi zambiri amaganizira zokolola ndi kukoma kwa mitundu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, izi sizinthu zokha zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa zokonda za nyengo ndi zosafunika.

Kutentha, chinyezi, chiwerengero cha masiku a dzuwa ndizomwe zimatsimikizira pamene mukukula tomato. Choncho, nkofunika kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ili yabwino kwa dera la Moscow.

Kodi ndi phwetekere zotani zomwe zingabzalidwe m'madera a ku Moscow, pogwiritsa ntchito nyengo?

Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa zikhalidwe za dera la Moscow, munthu ayenera kuganizira za nyengo zomwe zili m'dera lino:

  • kuthamanga kwa kutentha;
  • kuyamba kwa chisanu mu October-November;
  • chinyezi (78%).
Ndipo popeza tomato amasangalala ndi nyengo yozizira, nyengo izi sizidzakhala zabwino kwa mitundu yambiri. Choncho, chifukwa chokula mu dera la Moscow, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu ya phwetekere oyambirira ndi pakati pa nyengo. Sitikuthandiza, zomera zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yosatetezedwa, kapena greenhouses. Pafupipafupi, zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mukubzala mbewu kuti musonkhanitse zipatso zoyamba kucha. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mbande ziyenera kukula ndikukhala zamphamvu kufikira zitakhala pansi ndikukhazikitsa nyengo. Izi zimachitika pachiyambi kapena pakati pa May, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yabwino yobzala mbewu ndi March.

Ndikofunikira! Mbande ayenera kukhala wamkulu yekha wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi abwino kutentha zinthu, kuyatsa ndi chinyezi.

Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka ku dera la Moscow, muyenera kumvetsera mitundu yotsatira ya tomato:

  1. "Kudzaza koyera." Ndi oyambirira kucha, kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu kalasi. Zimakhala zosavuta kukula m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta, chifukwa zimakhala zosasamala. Izi ndizoonetsera, zomwe ndizofupika, sizikutanthauza kuchotseratu mphukira yowonjezera ndi kumanga zothandizira.
  2. "Wokoma Mtima". Amapereka zokolola zabwino pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse ya nyengo. Chomeracho sichimavutikira chifukwa chochedwa choipitsa, zipatso zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, sizikuwonongeka panthawi yopita. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko onse: ntchito zatsopano za saladi, zokometsera, masamba okonzekera masamba ndi juisi.
  3. "Alenka". Kukula kochepa, koyambirira kwa phwetekere zosiyanasiyana. Odzichepetsa kuti asamavutike, nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi bowa. Zipatso zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, zokoma.
  4. "Khutu la khutu". Maganizo osadalirika ndi nthawi yaitali yokolola. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi ndiwo zamasamba ndi wamaluwa. Zipatso zimakhala zowonjezereka, zinyama, ndi khungu lakuda, zokoma. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatengedwa ngati saladi, koma mumatha kupanga timadziti, mapepala, ndi zamasamba kuchokera ku zipatso.
  5. Medoc. Zipatso zili zofiira kwambiri, zooneka ngati maula, zipsa msanga. Mitengo imakhala pansi, pasynkovanie sichifunika, koma ndi zofunika kuti amangirire mphukira kuti asawononge pansi pa kulemera kwa phwetekere.
Nkofunika kuti musamangogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana mukamabzala, koma kuti musankhe mitundu 2-4 yosiyanasiyana - motere mudzatha kuzindikira kuti ndi zipatso ziti zomwe zingakhale bwino m'dera la Moscow.

Yabwino kwambiri tomato kwa greenhouses

Kukula mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses kumapangitsa kuti musankhe chosakwanira, chamtali komanso thermophilic mitundu ya tomato. Choncho, pazaka zolimbikira ntchito ndi kuswana, alimi a zamasamba adziwa mitundu yambiri ya tomato m'dera la Moscow, yomwe ili yoyenera kuti ikule mu wowonjezera kutentha, monga:

  1. "De Barao". Zipatso zimakondwera ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana (mithunzi imatuluka kuchokera ku chikasu chofiira mpaka rasipiberi wofiira, nthawi zina ngakhale yakuda), imakhalanso chokoma muzosavomerezeka kapena zamzitini. Mitengo ndi yamphamvu, yayitali; Zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi inayi kuchokera kubzala mbewu ndikukolola mbewu yoyamba.
  2. "Uchi wa pinki". Iyi ndi nyengo yapakatikatikati, chomera cha thermophilic chokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu pinki. Nthawi zambiri amawonjezera saladi, koma amalekerera kusungirako. Ambiri amaona kuti phwetekere ndi imodzi mwa zokoma kwambiri.
  3. "Sevryuga". Kachiwiri kalasi dzina "Pudovik". Mitunduyi imakhala yayikulu (nthawi zina mpaka 0,5 makilogalamu), zipatso za rasipiberi zofiira zabwino kwambiri. Mitengo imafuna kuti garter yotsimikiziridwa kuti igwirizane, chomeracho ndi chosatha.
  4. "Verlioka". Zimatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato - ngati mukutsatira malamulo a kulima ndi kusamalira, mpaka makilogalamu 18 a tomato angapezeke pamtunda umodzi. Kuonjezera apo, mtundu uwu sumavutika ndi matenda ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi tomato: fusarium, bulauni malo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chipatsocho, amatha kudyedwa mwatsopano ndi wamkulu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino ku greenhouses ku dera la Moscow ndi pakatikati.
  5. "Flamingo ya Pink". Zimakhala zazikulu (150-200 g), maonekedwe a maula, okoma pinki tomato. Ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino omwe tomato a zosiyanasiyanawa amadya mwatsopano, koma ambiri a zamzitini, ngakhale mawonekedwe a oblong.

Mukudziwa? Otsitsa Israeli anadutsa phwetekere ndi mandimu, zomwe zimabweretsa zipatso zosazolowereka za pinki tinge ndi kukoma kokhala ndimu ndi kununkhira. Anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Lemato" (mandimu + phwetekere).

Posankha zomera kuti zikhale wowonjezera kutentha, ziyeneranso kuziganizira: zomwe zimapangidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha (galasi, polycarbonate, filimu), mlingo wa magetsi, kutentha, kukhalapo kwa Kutentha, ndi zina zotero.

Tomato kuti mutsegule pansi

Gulu lotsatira la tomato zipse bwino mwakubzala mu nthaka yopanda chitetezo. Mitengo iyi ikuphatikizapo:

  1. "Demidov". Chomera chosakanizidwa, chokhazikika, pakati pa nyengo. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Tomato ndi abwino kwambiri kumera kuthengo m'midzi.
  2. "Mtima wa Bull". Zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Tomato ali ndi dzina la mawonekedwe awo, omwe ali ngati mtima. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, shuga ndi zachifundo kwambiri, choncho sizoyenera kukonza. Komabe, tomato amafunikira kwambiri saladi, masamba akudula, appetizers. Kuchokera mu July mpaka September, tomato wobiriwira amaperekedwa ngakhale mu October.
  3. "Schelkovsky oyambirira". Mitunduyi imakhala ndi zinthu zina: tomato zipse msanga kwambiri, chifukwa chaichi chomeracho sichipeza nthawi yochiritsira matenda omwe amapezeka ndi tomato (makamaka, mochedwa). Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukolola, chifukwa sizikusungidwa bwino.
  4. "Oyambirira ku Siberia". Chomeracho chimatchedwa kuti determinant mitundu, zipatso zipse oyambirira. Tomato ndi ofiira, ozungulira nthawi zonse, akulu ndi okoma. Matatowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sauces, timadziti ndi pastes, chifukwa chokhala ndi zinthu zouma pamtunda.
  5. "Sultan F1". Zaka-nyengo zosiyana zomwe zidzasangalala zipatso zokoma mpaka chisanu. Mitundu ya tomatoyi imakhala ngati saladi, choncho ndi bwino kuigwiritsa ntchito popanda chithandizo cha kutentha.
Olima alimi omwe akumana nawo akuganiza kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri yotseguka, yomwe ili yabwino kuti ikule m'dera la Moscow.

Mitundu ya Cherry

Mitundu yambiri ya "Cherry" ndi thermophilic kwambiri zomera, chifukwa chodzala iwo otseguka nthaka yosatetezedwa sivomerezeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amakonda kukula tomato kakang'ono pamabwalo ndi mawindo. Komabe, mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kusunga ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi kuunikira, zimakhalanso zotheka kupeza zokolola zazikulu za zipatso zabwino zazing'ono bwino kwambiri.

Pokula "Cherry" m'midziyi mukhoza kulingalira za mitundu yotsatira ya tomato:

  1. "Honey drop".
  2. "Mio".
  3. "Black Beach".
  4. "Pygmy".
  5. "Chozizwitsa cha balcony".
  6. "Zonona zonona za ana".
  7. "Bonsai".
  8. "Lycopa".

Mbali za kubzala pamalo otseguka m'madera a Moscow

Ngakhale kuti tomato amafunika kutentha kwambiri, amatha kukhala wamkulu panja ngakhale pansi pa nyengo ya ku Moscow. Komabe, pofuna kulima bwino ndikutsatira malamulo a zaulimi.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Kukonzekera nthaka yobzala bwino mu kugwa. Ndikofunika kusankha malo omwe mbewu zifesedwa; Ndi bwino kubzala tomato m'mabedi atakula nkhaka, kabichi, nyemba, katsabola, anyezi ndi kaloti.

Ndikofunikira! Pewani kubzala tomato m'mabedi atatha tsabola, mbatata, eggplant. Komanso, n'zosatheka kubzala tomato mu chiwembu cha chaka chatha - izi zimapangitsa kuti mbeu zitha kutenga kachilombo ndipo zimakhudza nthaka.

Cholinga cha tomato chiyenera kuyatsa bwino ndi dzuwa, chitetezedwe ku mphepo yamphamvu, madzi sayenera kuunjikirapo. Ndi bwino kukumba nthaka mu kugwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza: mineral additives (superphosphate, potaziyamu kloride), manyowa kapena humus. Mu kasupe, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa musanadzalemo. Pofuna kuteteza tomato ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafupi ndi mabedi, marigolds ndi calendula zikhoza kubzalidwa: fungo la zomera silingalolere zimbalangondo, zoweta, nematodes. Komabe, maluwa amenewa amaletsa kukula kwa zomera zomwe zimayandikana nawo, choncho ndikofunika kuti musapitirire.

Kubzala mbewu

Kubzala mbewu mwachizolowezi kumachitika mu March-April. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yosadulidwa), nthawi yoyenera yobzala idzayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, koma ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yodalirika (wamtali) oyambirira.

Pofesa ndikofunikira kusankha mbeu zabwino: osati zouma, zofanana, popanda kuwonongeka ndi madontho. Monga chithandizo, nyemba zimatha kulowetsedwa m'madzi ofunda, kenako kumizidwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kwa theka la ora. Kukonzekera dothi, nkofunika kuti zikhale zofanana kuti zisakanize humus, peat ndi sod land.

Chosakanizacho chiyenera kutsanulidwa mu chidebe chozama kwambiri masentimita 10, osakanizidwa ndi botolo lazitsulo ndikupanga zintchito 0.5-1 masentimita pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mbewu zikamadzazidwa ndi dothi, nthaka ikhoza kukonkhedwa kachiwiri. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato sayenera kubzalidwa m'mbiya imodzi.

Pofuna kutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha, chotsani cha mbeu chiyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo abwino: mu masiku asanu ndi awiri mphukira zoyamba ziwonekera.

Mukudziwa? China imatengedwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa phwetekere - 16% ya chiwerengero cha tomato wamkulu padziko lapansi amakula chaka chilichonse m'dziko.

Kusamalira ndi kuthirira

Kubzala tomato pamalo otseguka m'madera angakhale pamene dziko liphulika mpaka 15 ° C; Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Nthawi zina m'nyengoyi frosts zimachitika - kuteteza mbande, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi filimuyo.

Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kuwerengedwera motengera mtundu wa tomato: chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutalika kwa mtunda ndi 30-40 masentimita, chifukwa chokhazikika chimakhala chokwanira mpaka masentimita 60. Kuzama kwa mabowo ndi masentimita 10. Zisamba ziyenera kukumbidwa mosamala, kusamala kuti zisamawononge nthaka mizu. Pambuyo kukonkha ndi nthaka, mbande zimatha kuthirizidwa ndi kuzungulira (ndi udzu, udzu, masamba).

M'tsogolo, tomato ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse; Kuthirira koyamba mutatha kuika mu nthaka kungathetsedwe pambuyo pa masabata awiri (chifukwa cha nthaka youma). Ndikofunika kuthirira tchire pansi pazu - chimbudzi cha chinyezi pamtundu wobiriwira wa chomera chimatsogolera ku matenda ndi kukhetsa maluwa. Kufunika kwa kuthirira kuwonjezeka panthawi ya kukula kwakukulu kwa mbewu, mapangidwe a ovary ndi zipatso; Komanso, chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chingachepetse. Kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mpweya, komanso kuti asawononge mapangidwe a nthaka, nthaka ikatha kuthirira imayenera kumasulidwa mozama pafupifupi masentimita 4-8. Ngati mizu imawoneka padothi, chitsamba chimafuna kukwera - chifukwa cha njirayi, chomeracho chimapanga mizu yatsopano kudzera mwa zakudya zina zomwe zimalowa . Hilling imathandizanso kuti chinyontho chikhalebe pansi nthawi yaitali ndikuchilemeretsa ndi mpweya.

Tomato amafunika mavitamini angapo panthawi yake (3-4 nthawi pafupifupi). Monga feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

  • saltpeter;
  • mapangidwe a phosphorus;
  • nkhuku yamkuku kapena mullein;
  • phulusa.
Pofuna kupeĊµa kukula kwa namsongole m'deralo, komanso kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka pang'ono, mukhoza kutsegula danga pakati pa tchire ndi udzu, masamba, peat kapena udzu. Mukhozanso kumalima mwapadera.

Kukolola

Migwirizano ya zipatso zokolola zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zosiyanasiyana za tomato. M'dera la Moscow n'zotheka kudzala mbewu zoyambirira ndi zapakati pa nyengo, choncho zipatso zoyamba zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu theka lachiwiri la June. Amaloledwa kuthyola zipatso zonse zofiira - m'masabata awiri adzafika kukhwima, koma zizindikiro za kukoma sizingasokonezeke. Zipatso zosadziwika sizingathetsedwe - sizikusungidwa ndipo mwamsanga zimavunda. Kukolola mwakhama kwa tomato kumayambira mu August, monga momwe zomera zambiri nthawiyi zimafa ndi tsinde ndi masamba. Ndikofunika kukolola mbewu zonse (ngakhale zipatso zobiriwira) nthawi isanafike pamene kutentha kumapita pansi pa 10 ° C, mwinamwake tomato sungakonzedwe bwino. Ngati zipatso zikhalebe pa tchire kutentha kwa 5 ° C, zikhoza kuvunda mwamsanga.

Tomato amapezeka m'chipinda chofunda (pafupifupi 25 ° C). Ndikofunika kuyesa zipatso nthawi zonse ndipo pakapita nthawi imachotsa zomwe zizindikiro za matenda zinayamba kuonekera kuti zitheke.

Kotero, inu mwaphunzira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ndi yoyenera ku dera la Moscow: kulima kulima ndi kubzala greenhouses, kumayang'ana momwe zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yopanda chitetezo, malamulo a kubzala. Monga mukuonera, palibe chovuta kwambiri pa izi. Tikukufunirani zabwino zokolola!

Nkhani Yosangalatsa