Dzira ndi lovuta la albumen ndi yolk kutetezedwa ku chikoka cha kunja kwa zipolopolo kapena chipolopolo chowoneka ngati chowulungika, chomwe chimakhala ndi mluza wa mbalame kapena nyama zina. Nthawi zonse timawona zigawo izi tikamadya mazira mwa mtundu uliwonse. Koma palinso zigawo zina, popanda kubadwa kwa moyo watsopano sikungatheke. Sizingatheke kuwonedwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo ngakhale zitakhala zooneka, sitigwirizanitsa nawo, chifukwa sizikukhudzanso kukoma kwake.
Mankhwala amapanga mazira
Dzira lonse popanda chipolopolo lili ndi:
- madzi - 74%;
- Nkhani yowuma - 26%;
- mapuloteni (mapuloteni) - 12.7%;
- mafuta - 11.5%;
- Zakudya - 0,7%;
- phulusa (mineral substances) - 1.1%.
Dziwani ngati mazira a nkhuku ndi abwino, mungathe kumwa mazira opsa, mazira oundana, ndi ma magawo omwe amagawidwa mazira ndi mazira angati omwe akulemera.
Mazira
Zonsezi zikhale zofunikira pakukula moyo watsopano. Yolk imadyetsa kamwana kameneka, chipinda cha mpweya chimayambitsa kutulutsa mpweya, ndipo chipolopolo chimateteza nkhuku yamtsogolo kuchokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi. Mwa tsatanetsatane wokhudza udindo wa chigawo chirichonse cha mazira, ife timafotokoza pansipa. 
Kukukuta dzira
Chigoba
Ichi ndi chipolopolo chotetezera, cholimba kwambiri. Ndi pafupifupi 95% ya calcium carbonate. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi chitetezo cha ziwalo za mkati zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha kunja. Tikayeretsa dzira kuchokera ku chipolopolo, zikuwoneka kuti ndizosalala komanso zokwanira. Izi siziri choncho: ili ndi pores zazikulu zomwe zimayendetsa mpweya ndi chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chipolopolocho chawonongeka panthawi yopanga mazira, mimbayo idzafa.
Chipolopolocho chili ndi:
- madzi - 1.6%;
- Zinthu zowuma - 98.4%;
- mapuloteni - 3.3%;
- phulusa (mineral substances) - 95.1%.
Mlomo wamkati
Chipolopolo cha membrane chili ndizitsulo ziwiri, chimakhala ndi tizilombo todwalitsa. Pakati pa mazira opangidwa ndi dzira, chipolopolochi chimawoneka bwino, ndipo pambuyo pake chimachitika mawonekedwe a zipolopolo. Pa mapeto a dzira, zigawozo zimagawanika ndipo chimbudzi chodzaza ndi mpweya (oxygen) chimapangidwa pakati pawo.
Chipinda cham'kati
Chipinda chodzaza ndi gasi, pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za chipolopolo cha membrane, ndicho chipinda cha mpweya. Iyo imapanga pamene nkhuku imathyola dzira. Lili ndi mpweya wokwanira umene germ imasowa nthawi yonse yopuma.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lina la chingwe - Chalaz. Amachokera ku mawu achigriki akuti "χάλαζα", omwe amatanthauza "mfundo".
Kantik
Izi ndi mtundu wa umbilical, womwe umakonza yolk pamalo enaake (pakati pa mapuloteni). Ili pambali zonse za yolk. Anapangidwa kuchokera ku mzere umodzi kapena awiri wa minofu. Kupyolera mu chingwe, mwana wosabadwa amadyetsedwa kuchokera ku yolk. 
Yolk sheath
Ichi ndi mtundu wosanjikiza womwe umapanga dzira lokha pa siteji ya chitukuko chake. Amatumikira monga magwero a zakudya kwa mwana wosabadwa mu masiku oyambirira 2-3 a makulitsidwe.
Yolk
Ndiyi ya zakudya zomwe zimaphatikiza mu selo la dzira la nyama monga mawonekedwe kapena mbale, nthawi zina zimagwirizanitsa ndi misa limodzi. Ngati mutafufuza bwinobwino yolk yaiwisi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwona kusinthana kwa mdima ndi kuwala. Mdima wakuda uli ndi zowonjezera. M'masiku oyambirira a chitukuko, mwana wosabadwa amalandira zakudya zokha kuchokera ku yolk, komanso oxygen.
Werengani komanso chifukwa chake nkhuku zimayika mazira ndi zobiriwira yolk.
The yolk ili:
- madzi - 48.7%;
- Zinthu zowuma - 51.3%;
- mapuloteni - 16.6%;
- mafuta - 32.6%;
- Zakudya - 1%;
- phulusa (mineral substances) - 1.1%.
Mapuloteni
Kukula kwa mapuloteni kumasiyana malo osiyanasiyana. The thinnest wosanjikiza amapanga yolk. Ndi chingwe. Chotsatira chimadza ndi mapuloteni a madzi, omwe amachokera kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamimba yoyamba. Chotsatira chotsatira ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Amadyetsa m'mimba mwachiwiri ndikupanga ntchito zotetezera, osati kulola nkhuku yotsatira kuti igwirizane ndi chipolopolocho.
Mapuloteni ali ndi:
- madzi - 87.9%;
- Zinthu zowuma - 12.1%;
- mapuloteni - 10.57%;
- mafuta 0.03%;
- Zakudya - 0,9%;
- phulusa (mineral substances) - 0,6%;
- ovoalbumin - 69.7%;
- ovoglobulin - 6.7%;
- conalbumin - 9.5%;
- ovomucoid mapuloteni - 12.7%;
- ovomucins - 1.9%;
- lysozyme - 3%;
- Vitamini B6 - 0.01 mg;
- Folacin - 1.2 mcg;
- Riboflavin - 0.56 mg;
- Niacin - 0.43 mg;
- Pantothenic acid - 0,30 mg;
- Biotin - 7 mcg.
Germ Disk
Dzina lina ndi blastodisc. Ndikusungunuka kwa cytoplasm pamwamba pa yolk. Ndiyi imayamba kubadwa kwa nkhuku. Kuchuluka kwake kwa chovalacho sikuchepera kukula kwa yolk lonse, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala pamwamba nthawi zonse (pafupi ndi kutentha, chingwe).
Cuticle
Zomwe sizinawonongeke pamwamba pa chipolopolo, zimapangidwa mu cloaca ndikupanga ntchito zotetezera. Kutsekemera sikuloleza matenda, chinyezi ndi mpweya kulowa mkati.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti dzira logula ligwire nthawi yayitali, yesani kuwononga cuticle.
Monga mukuonera, chizolowezi chathu chodya chamagulu chimakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe tingaganizire. Ngakhale chinthu chowoneka chosafunika kwenikweni chimapanga ntchito zofunika pakuchitika kwa moyo watsopano.
