Actinidia wa mkangano sapezeka m'minda yamnyumba ya anthu olima aku Russia. Pakadali pano, chomerachi chimaphatikiza bwino maonekedwe okongola ndi kukhalapo kwa zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi. Ubwino wake umaphatikizaponso chisamaliro chosasamala, kukana chisanu ndi zipatso zambiri.
Kodi Nkhani ya Actinidia Imawoneka Bwanji
Actinidia wotsutsa (wotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini - "pachimake") ndi mpesa wosatha, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe ndipo wakula ngati mtengo wobala zipatso. Dziko lakwawo ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa China, Japan. Ku Russia, mbewuyi imapezeka ku Far East, komanso ku Sakhalin ndi ku zilumba za Kuril. Moyo wopindulitsa wa wopanga ndi zaka 75-90. Amabweretsa mbewu yoyamba mchaka chachisanu mutabzala m'nthaka.
Tsinde
Tsinde la Actinidia kutsutsana kumatha kukula mpaka 20-30 m kutalika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizochepa kwambiri - 15-20 cm. Ikamakula, maziko ake amakhala opunduka, ndikusintha mtundu wa azitona kukhala wonyezimira. Tsinde limapindika kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pakubzala chomera muukapolo, ndikofunikira kuti liperekenso ndi chipilala, trellis, thandizo lina lomwe liana limatha kukwera.
Ma actinidia a mkangano pachithandizo amawoneka opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa gulu logawika la mphukira zosokonezeka
Masamba
Masamba a Actinidia amawoneka okongola kwambiri nyengo yonse. Asanakhale maluwa, amapaka utoto wobiriwira, atatha kuoneka ngati utoto wobiriwira. Mukugwa, amasintha mamvekedwe awo kuchoka ku chikasu chowala cha mandimu kukhala kapeti kapezi komanso kunjenjemera. Pepala lamasamba limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse ndi gawo lakuthwa lakuthwa. Kutalika kwa pepalali kumafika masentimita 8-12, m'lifupi ndi masentimita 3-5, m'mphepete mumadula ndi zovala zazing'ono. Iwo pachimake kumayambiriro kasupe, kugwa khumi eyiti.
Chifukwa cha nsonga yolozera kwa tsamba, lingaliro la Actinidium lidatchedwa
Kupukuta
Monga actinidia wina, mkanganowo ndi wa gulu la mitundu yazomera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri kukolola kumatheka pokhapokha ngati pali tchire amuna ndi akazi pamtunda wa pafupifupi 1: 5. Zoyambirira zimachita ngati ma pollinators, pomwe zotsalazo zimacha zipatso. Makampani oweta amakono adabzala mitundu ingapo yomwe ili yodzilimbitsa, koma zomwe akuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kuti sizowona izi. Popanda pollinator, zipatso zimakhala zing'onozing'ono kwa iwo, ndipo zipatso zake zimachepa kwambiri.
Mutha kusiyanitsa mbewu zazimuna ndi zazikazi pokhapokha maluwa. Zoyambazo zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ambiri stamens pakalibe ma pestle. Maluwa achikazi amakhala osakwatiwa (samakonda kusungidwa mu inflorescence atatu), akulu. Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri, inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a chishango kapena ambulera.
Maluwa a chomera chamatsenga chachimuna ndizosavuta kuzindikira posakhalapo ndi pestle
Maluwa ndi zipatso
Pakudula, mkangano wa Actinidia umafalitsa fungo lokoma modabwitsa, lofanana ndi fungo la maluwa a m'chigwa kapena maluwa a lalanje. Maluwa ake ndi oyera-oyera kapena oyera siliva, m'malo mwake ndi akulu (2-2,5 cm m'mimba mwake). Maluwa amapitilira pafupifupi milungu iwiri ndi theka, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mungu ndi wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda.
Zipatso zamtunduwu chaka chilichonse, zimakhala ndi zokolola zabwino. Pafupifupi ma 15-20 kg a zipatso amachotsedwa pamtengo wachikulire, wofanana ndi kiwi kapena jamu zazikulu zazikulu. Zamkati mwawo ndiwofewa kwambiri, ndimakoma okoma ndi wowawasa ndi fungo labwino. Nthawi zambiri, amachiyerekeza ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi, ngakhale kwa ena amafanana ndi maapulo, nthochi kapena ma apricots. Peel yamitundu yambiri imakhala yobiriwira yowoneka bwino, nthawi zina imakhala ndi zingwe zamdima zazitali. Palinso mitundu ina yojambulidwa ndi obereketsa owala ndi miyala yofiirira yofiirira.
Kutalika kwa chipatso ndi 2-3 cm, m'lifupi ndi 1.5-2.8 masentimita. Mabulosiwo akulemera 4.5-6 g.Kukolola kumapeto kwa Seputembara, zipatso zimatha masabata 2-2,5. Zipatsozi sizigwa pachitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nyengo ikakhala kuti siyabwino.
Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malingaliro a Actinidia zimasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso
Zipatso sizabwino zokha, komanso zathanzi. Muli mavitamini C ochulukirapo kuposa mandimu, sea buckthorn ndi blackcurrant. Mavitamini A, P ndi Q, keratin, ma acid okhala ndi michere, ma flavonoids ndi ma saponins amakhalanso pamtunda wambiri.
Ubwino wa chithandizo chamatenthedwe suwonongeka mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo fungo lokhala nalo limasungidwa, kotero lingaliro la Actinidia ndilabwino popanga zipatso zosafunikira, zoteteza, kupanikizana, jellies, ndi zinthu zina zopanga tokha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zopanda kanthu zopanda tchipisi (vitamini C zimawonongeka ndikulumikizana ndi zitsulo) ndikusunga zogwirira ntchito pamalo amdima (kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawononga zinthu zambiri zopanga organic).
Pa chithandizo chamatenthedwe, mapindu a actinidia samachepetsedwa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito zopangidwa ndi nyumba.
Zipatso za mutu wa Actinidia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe. Amalimbikitsidwa ngati pali mavuto ndi m'mimba, kuthana ndi majeremusi. Amakhulupirira kuti amalepheretsa zotupa, kuphatikizapo zilonda. Madzi amathandiza kulimbana ndi kutupa, amalimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi. Zipatso zatsopano zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa mavitamini, kupezeka kwa matenda otopa.
Kunyumba, ku China ndi Japan, kutsutsana kwa Actinidia kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Kuchokera pamenepo amapanga mipanda ndi "makoma obiriwira" omwe angathandize kubisa zomanga mosatsimikiza pamalowo. Muthanso kukongoletsa gazebo, khonde ndi zina zotero.
Kutsutsana kwa Actinidia kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe
Kanema: mkangano Actinidia kukolola
Zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa Actinidia
Kusankhidwa kwamakono kumapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya Actinidia kukangana kwachilendo ndi kwina. Kukana kwazizira kwa ambiri aiwo kumakupatsani mwayi wokukula chikhalidwe ku Russia.
Basamu
Chakumapeto, zipatso zipsa mchaka chachiwiri cha September. Zipatsozo zimalemera pafupifupi 5-6 g, koma palinso akatswiri omwe amalemera mpaka 8 g. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kofanana ndi nsonga zozungulira, 2 cm mulifupi kapena kakakulu.
Zipatso za Actinidia za Balsamnaya zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana pang'ono kukula kwake
Tsamba la mabulosi limakhala losalala, lowoneka bwino wobiriwira ndi mtundu wake. Lawani ndi wowona wowerengeka. Mango ndiwofatsa, onunkhira tart, pang'ono ngati fungo la singano za paini.
Lunar
Chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri za kuswana, zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikulimidwe kumaderalo ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Zipatso zimakhwima kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira (sing'anga mochedwa mitundu).
Actinidia waku Lunnaya mkangano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe abwana aku Russia apanga
Zipatsozo sizabwino kwambiri, mwanjira yokhala ngati silinda wothinikizidwa pang'ono m'mbali. Kulemera kwapakati - 3-4,5 g, kutalika - pafupifupi 2,5 cm. Khungu limakhala losalala, mthunzi wa azitona. Chipatsocho chimakoma kukoma ndi acidity yotsitsimutsa pang'ono.
Seputembala
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima Russian. Zosiyanasiyana za Seputembala zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya actinidia - colomict ndi kutsutsana, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kotero kugula mukakhala koyenera kufotokozera pasadakhale zomwe mukufuna. Kutalika kwa mtengo wa mpesa ndi pafupifupi 7 m. Maluwa ndi autali - masamba amapita masiku 18-25. Koma nthawi yobala siyitali kwambiri - zaka 30-40.
The September Actinidia Argument imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zipatso zake zipatso.
Zipatsozo ndizapakatikati kukula, pang'ono pochepera 2 cm. Peelyo imakhala yodzaza zamtundu wautoto, yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamtundu wakuda kwambiri. Zamkati ndiwofatsa komanso okoma, kuwunda sikungatheke kusiyanitsa. Chipatsochi chimafanana ndi chinanazi pakoma, ngakhale kwa ena chimawoneka ngati apulo.
The Actinidia ya Seputembala wa mkangano ndiosagwirizana ndi kuzizira, wopirira mazira mpaka -40 ºº. Kukula kwapakati pa mphukira pa nyengo ndi 1.5-2 m.
Nyanja
Zachikulire zazipatso zazikuluzikulu zamasamba zakucha. Olembawo ndi amodzi mwa obereketsa otchuka omwe adagwira ntchito ndi Actinidia - E.I. Soseji. Liana amadziwika ndi kukula kwake, khungwa pamabowo ndi chokoleti chofiirira, matte. Masamba ali obiriwira owala bwino pamaso pake. Pa mtsempha wapakati, amawerama mkati.
Actinidia mkangano Primorskaya - imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira za obereketsa E.I. Soseji
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosiwo ndi 7-8 g, kutalika ndi pafupifupi 2,5-3 cm. Mawonekedwe ake ndi acylindrical, elongated, maziko ndi kuzungulira. Khungu limakhala lonyezimira, loyera lamtambo, lofiirira, wokutidwa ndi ma tubercia osanja osiyanasiyana omwe amawoneka bwino kukhudza. Kukoma kwa zamkaka ndi koyenera, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Fungo lokhazikika lofanana ndi fungo la maapulo limadziwika. Professional tasters, adavotera pa 4.5 mfundo pa zisanu. Nthawi ya zipatso imayamba kwa masabata atatu.
Kutsutsana ndi chisanu mu mitundu iyi kumakhala mkati mwa 2020 Samadwala matenda ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Kuti muchulukane, kupezeka kwa mbewu zachimuna kumafunika. Bola ngati pali ming'oma ya njuchi pafupi.
Geneva
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mkangano wa Actinidia ku United States. Zodzala zokha, mbewu zazimuna zimafunikira kuti mungu ubereke. Zili m'gulu la zipatso zakucha (mbewu zipsa mchaka chapitachi cha Seputembiki kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala). Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zooneka ngati mbiya, zolemera pakati pa mwana wosabadwayo ndi 6-8,5 g. Imalekerera kuzizira kwa nthawi yozizira bwino mpaka -30 ºº, koma imathanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi masika obwerera masika. Mumasiyana zipatso: kutalika kwa mtengo wa mpesa ndi 8-12 m, ngati simumadulira pafupipafupi, kumafika 30 m.
Zipatso za actinidia kutsutsana Geneva pafupifupi muyezo
Nthenga zikamakula, zimasintha mtundu kuchoka pa imvi zotuwa kukhala zofiirira. Maluwa atayamba maluwa, zipatso zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zimasiyana bwino ndi maluwa ofiira owala.
Zipatsozi ndi zotsekemera, zokhala ndi acidity pang'ono. Fomuyi ndi ovoid, pang'ono pang'ono. Kukoma ndi kununkhira kumveka bwino ndi zolemba za uchi. Geneva wa Actinidia ali muyezo wa kukoma. Koma zipatsozo zimayenera kusungidwa pa nthawi, zimafewetsa ndipo zimayamba kuwuma. Khungu limakhala lonyowa, lobiriwira kowala, pomwe dzuwa linagwera pamenepo, mawanga otuwa kapena owoneka bwino.
Mafuta obiriwira
Zazikulu zazikulu (8-10 g) zodzilimbitsa mosiyanasiyana. Zipatsozo zimakhala zofanana. Siyanitsani ndi kukoma kwapadera kwa basamu. Kuguza kwake ndi kotsekemera, kanthete, komaso acidity pang'ono. Peel ya maolivi. Zochulukitsa ndizotsika - 1.5-3 kg pa chomera chilichonse chachikulire. Zima hardiness mkati -25 ºº.
Zipatso za actinidia zonena Green Balsamu ali ndi zipatso zosadziwika bwino zomwe si aliyense amakonda
Wuka
Mitundu ya amuna, pollinator wachilengedwe chonse cha mitundu yonse ya atsikana a Actinidia. Nthawi yomweyo, sichikhala choyenera kupukutidwa kwa actinidia ena (mwachitsanzo, colomicty, mitala). Kupukutira kwa interspecific m'mazomera izi sikuchitika.
Mitundu yamphongo ya Actinidia kutsutsana kwa Veiki ndi pollinator ponseponse pachilimacho chachikazi
Liana ndiwokongoletsa kwambiri - masamba ake ndi osalala, onyezimira, amtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ngati kuti ndiwanthupi. Ziweto ndimtundu wakuda. Kulimbana ndi chisanu sikukuipa - mpaka -30 ºº. Veinia actinidia limamasula mu June. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, omwe amakhala ndi mitengo ya corymbose inflorescence. Chomera chimakonda kuzizira.
Palinso mtundu wachikazi wa actinidia wotsutsana wokhala ndi dzina lomweli. Ndikofunikira kufotokozera pasadakhale zomwe mukugula. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu, zolemera 7-8 g ndi kutalika masentimita 3-3,5. Peel ndi wobiriwira wowala bwino komanso blush wa mtundu wa njerwa. Kubala kumayambira khumi zoyambirira za Okutobala.
Mitundu yachikazi ya actinidia wa Veiki wotsutsana ndi wa gulu la mochedwa
Issei (kapena Issai)
Kutsutsana kwamtundu wa Actinidia ndi mbadwa ku Japan. Omwe amapanga awa ndi odziyimira okha, mwa mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo yomwe ili ndi ufulu kwambiri ku dzina ili, koma machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti kupezeka kwa mbewu zazimuna zapafupi kumachulukitsa zokolola.
Nkhani ya Actinidia Issei ndi omwe amapanga monga mitundu yodziyimira yokha
Zipatso zokhala ndi thupi losangalatsa, lokoma kupsa m'zaka khumi zapitazi za September. Fungo lokhazikika la chinanazi ndi khalidwe. Kutalika kwa zipatso ndi 3-4 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 10-15 g.
Nthawi yoyamba kubala zipatso zamwana wotsatira. Ndi yaying'ono (kutalika kwa 3-4 m), motero ndiabwino kwa ziwembu zazing'ono.
Liana amalekerera kutentha mpaka -25 ºº popanda tsankho kwa iye. Imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilala komanso kuthirira kwamadzi m'nthaka. Moyo wopindulitsa wa mmera ndi pafupifupi zaka 30. Masamba kutalika kwa 18-23 cm, wandiweyani, velvety kukhudza, mthunzi wa galasi la botolo. Maluwa ndi akulu, 2,5 masentimita awiri, miyala yamchere.
Jumbo
Mitundu ya actinidia ndi mkangano wobadwira ku Italy. Chizindikiro ndi zipatso za cylindrical 5.5-6 masentimita.Malemu amtchirewo ndi 25-30 g. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira kapena laimu, loonda kwambiri. Actinidia Jumbo alibe fungo lililonse, koma zipatso zake ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusungidwa zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Kulawa, zamkati ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kiwi. Kututa kucha mu khumi zapitazi za September kapena m'masiku oyambilira a Okutobala.
Nkhani ya a Jumbo ya Jininidia ndiyodziwikanso chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwino komanso kutalika kwa alumali.
Kutalika kwa mtengo wa mpesa ndi 8-9 m. Zimasiyanasiyana pamlingo wokukula, ndikuwonjezera 2,5-3 m pachaka. Maluwa ndifupikitsa - kumangokhala masiku 7-10. Kulimbana kwazizira mkati -30 ºº. Kubala kumafuna kukhalapo kwa actinidia-pollinator (Veiki, Bayern Kiwi).
Golide woluka
Zosiyanasiyana za Actinidia ndizotsutsana ndi kusankha kwa Russia. Ili ndi hard Hard yozizira kwambiri, mpaka -40 ºº. Zipatsozi ndizotsekemera, zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono (9-10 g), kununkhira kosangalatsa kwa apulo kumakhala mwabadwa. Khungu limakhala losalala, matte, chikasu. Kapangidwe kake ndi kakang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono.
Bungwe la Actinidia Argument Golide limadziwika chifukwa cha kuthana kwambiri ndi chisanu
Liana ndi wamphamvu, masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira odzaza. Kuchokera patali akuwoneka kuti akuda. Imatha kutalika kwa 28-30 m, ndikuwonjezera 2-3 mamita pachaka chilichonse. Limamasula kwambiri - m'masiku omaliza a June. Maphalawo ndi oyera oyera, m'mimba mwake mumakhala pafupifupi 2 cm.
Kokuva
Mtundu wina wa ku Japan, wokhala ngati mungu wodzivulaza, uli m'gulu lochita kumapeto. Kututa kucha mkati mwa Seputembara. Kutsutsa kozizira - mkati mwa2020 ºº. Kokuva alibe zabwino pa kusayenda kwa nthaka yapansi panthaka ndi acidization wa nthaka.
Kokuva kutsutsana Actinidia liana ndi yaying'ono, yoyenera kukula m'minda yaying'ono
Liana afika kutalika kwa 5-6 m, Kukula pachaka - 1.5-2 m. Zipatsozi ndizabwino, sizidziwika bwino komanso fungo la ndimu. Khungu limakhala loonda. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono, zazitali, mpaka 2-2.5 cm. Zimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Mpikisano wapaulendo
Chomera champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi masamba akulu akulu obiriwira. Nthochi pomwe mbewu zimakula kumasintha mtundu kuchoka pa wobiriwira wobiriwira kupita njerwa. Frost kukana mpaka -30-35 ºº.
Actinidia Argument Relay Zosiyanasiyana Relay ndi chomera chokhala ndi masamba amphamvu
Zipatso zolemera 15-18 g zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse kuchokera kumbali. Khungu limakhala losalala, lofiirira. Zikho zimakoma, fungo labwino pakati pa chinanazi ndi sitiroberi wamtchire. Ngakhale zipatso zakupsa kwathunthu sizimagwa.
Taiga Emerald
Mitundu yosankha yaku Russia yakucha mu Seputembara. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'onoting'ono, zokhala ngati cylindrical mawonekedwe, zolemera 3.5-4 g ndi kutalika masentimita 2-2,5. Kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa ndalamayi kumafanana ndi zipatso zam'munda.
Kutalika kwa mtengo wa mpesa kumakhala kochepa - 3-4 mamita. Masamba ndi amtundu umodzi, wobiriwira wowala. Kulimbana kwazizira mkati -28-30 ºС. Zosiyanasiyana sizodzilimbitsa. Imalekerera kuwala kowala ndi mthunzi pang'ono popanda mavuto. Sizingaletsedwe ndi mbeu zokulirapo.
Chinanazi
Amitundu osiyanasiyana amatsutsana, nthawi zina amapezeka pansi pa ANNA. Osiyanasiyana kwambiri zokolola, kukoma kwambiri zipatso ndi mayendedwe awo abwino.Dzinalo limasiyanasiyana chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwe limanenedwa ngati fungo lokhazikika. Kukoma kwa zipatso zosazungulira kumakhala kosangalatsa, kokoma komanso wowawasa, kofanana kwambiri ndi kiwi. Khungu ndi loonda, mbewu zake ndizochepa, pafupifupi sizimvetseka. M'mene dzuwa limayala zipatso, mawonekedwe ofiira.
Ma processinidia amatsenga a chinanazi alibe kwenikweni pakati ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa.
Kutalika kwa mpesa mpaka 10 m. Kubala kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha Okutobala. Zokolola wamba ndi makilogalamu 5-7 kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu.
Viti Kiwi
Mtundu wazodzipangira nokha womwe umalimidwa ndi olimitsa maluwa ndi akatswiri alimi. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira mopepuka, lonyezimira, mawonekedwe a chipatso amakhala okhazikika, ozungulira. Zomera zoyambirira zimachotsedwa kale munyengo yachiwiri kukhala panthaka. Kupezeka kwa mbewu zazimuna zapafupi kumathandizira kukulitsa zipatso ndikuwonjezera zipatso.
Palibe mbewu mu zipatso za actinidia yotsutsa Viti Kiwi
Liana amakula mpaka 8-10 m kutalika. Zokolola zipsa m'masiku omaliza a September, mbewuyo imaphuka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa masika. Kukana kwazizira - mpaka -24-26 ºº. Zovuta kwambiri zokhudzana ndi acidization nthaka komanso ozizira.
Munda wamaluwa
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa obereketsa aku Ukraine, komwe sikumadziwika konse m'maiko a USSR yakale, komanso m'maiko akunja. Zomera zimatha kukhala zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna. Dzinalo limasinthidwa chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kabwino ka khungu la burgundy. Zipatsozo zimakhala ngati mbali imodzi, cylindrical mawonekedwe, mpaka 4 cm kutalika ndi masentimita 5-6. Thupi ndilofanana ndi khungu loonda. Ngakhale zipatso zakupsa kwathunthu siziboweka.
Kutsutsana kwa Actinidia wa Purple Garden kumavomerezetsa dzinali
Liana amapirira matalala ku -25 ºº popanda kuwonongeka. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 3-5 mamita. Mphukira ndi zoonda, zofiirira zakuda. Zokolola mu September kapena kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.
Kanema: Mitundu ya Actinidia ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri
Momwe mungabzale chomera m'nthaka
Kusankha koyenera kwa tsamba la Actinidia ndi kiyi yopangira zipatso zambiri mtsogolo. Chomerachi sichiloleza dzuwa mwachindunji, nthawi zambiri chimayatsidwa. Ndikwabwino kuyika mpesa m'malo ochepa. Koma kusowa kwa kuwala ndi kutentha ndikosayenera - kumakhudza kuchuluka ndi kukoma kwa zipatso.
Actinidia sakonda kusanja kozizira, kotero pamtunda pang'ono kuchokera pachomera payenera kukhala cholepheretsa kapena chobisira chomwe chimaphimba kumpoto.
Nkhani ya Actinidia sakonda dzuwa lowala, makamaka mbewu zazing'ono
Nthaka imakonda kumasula, kupatsa thanzi, kusalowerera kapena pang'ono acid (pH 5.0-6.5). Njira yabwino ndi loam kapena nthaka yamchenga. Dongo lolemera, dongo, peat gawo lapansi, komanso malo omwe pansi pamadzi ali pafupi kwambiri kuposa mita kuchokera padziko lapansi, mwapadera silabwino.
Mutha kubzala mbewu nthawi ya masika komanso yophukira. Zimatengera nyengo mudera linalake. Njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, pomwe nyengo sinali yosadalirika, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndiyosowa kwambiri malinga ndi kalendala. Nthawi yabwino ndikuyamba kwa Meyi, gawo loyambirira lisanafike. Kubzala masamba ndi yoyenera kwa subtropics ofunda. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pasatsala miyezi iwiri chisanu chisanayambe.
Mbande zakubadwa zaka ziwiri zimamera bwino. Muyenera kuzigula m'masitolo apadera kapena m'malo ogulitsa, osati m'malo olima, ndipo makamaka ndi manja anu. Ichi ndiye chitsimikizo cha mtundu wobzala. Ndikofunika kuti nazale ili mdera lomwelo. Pankhaniyi, kubzala zinthu zimasinthidwa kale kuti zizikhala nyengo komanso nyengo.
Mukamagula, samalani ndi mmera wokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Mizu ya mbewuyi ndi yosalimba. Zokwanira mphindi zisanu poyera kuti ziwawononge kwambiri.
Mizu yotsekedwa Actinidia mbande imatsimikiziridwa kuti iyenera kupulumuka mayendedwe
Kukula kwabwinopo kwa dzenjelo ya Actinidia ndi 65-70 masentimita ndi mainchesi 50-60. Mukabzala mbewu zingapo nthawi yomweyo, mwina awiri kapena atatu amasiyidwa pakati pawo, pokhapokha ngati anakonza dothi. Pankhaniyi, gawo limatsitsidwa ndikufika pa 0.5 m.Patsogolo, muyenera kupereka malo a trellis, zipilala, ndi zina zothandizira. Mukayamba kumanga mutabzala, pali mwayi wovulaza mizu ya mbewu.
Kudzala dzenje kumakonzedwa masiku 15-20 asanafikire. Pansi pake, ngalande yotsika osachepera 10-12 cm ndiyofunikira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dongo zokulirapo, miyala yamtengo wapatali, shards yodothi, tchipisi ta njerwa ndi zina zotero. Turf yachonde yomwe imachotsedwa mu dzenje imasakanikirana ndi humus (20 l), superphosphate yosavuta (150-180 g) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (50-70 g). Zopangira feteleza zimatha kusinthidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa (1.5 l). Zogulitsa zilizonse zomwe zimakhala ndi chlorine sizimadziwika.
Chomera sichimakondanso laimu, sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa acid-base moyenera.
Denga lokwanira lofunikira pansi pa dzenjelo ya Actinidia
Palibe chovuta pankhaniyi. Ndondomeko zikuwoneka motere:
- Mphindi 30 mpaka 40 asanabzalidwe, chidebe chomwe chili ndi Actinidia chimanyowa m'madzi kutentha kwa firiji kuti chimakwirira dothi lonse. Mutha kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate ku utoto wotuwa wa pinki kapena biostimulant iliyonse. Loyamba ndi loti asafe, chachiwiri ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo chomera.
- Actinidia amachotsedwa mumphika, kuyesera pang'ono momwe angathere kuwononga lapansi. Pamulu wa pansi pa dzenjelo tengani chocheperako ndikuyika chomeracho.
- Pitani bwino, m'malo ochepa nthaka imagona pansi. Pamafunika gawo lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo mumadzaza nthaka. Dzenje silipangidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi asasokonekere, omwe malingaliro a actinidia sakonda. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala masentimita 1-2 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Mmera umathiriridwa, kuthira malita asanu ndi awiri a madzi. Ikamamwa, bwalo loyandikira, lokwanira mulifupi mwake ndi dzenjeralo, limakutidwa ndi peat, humus, utuchi, ndi udzu watsopano. Kapenanso mutha kuilimbitsa ndi chovala chovindikira-mpweya. Ndikofunika kuti mwezi woyamba ndi theka la mizu ya chomera ndizikhala mthunzi nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunika kuteteza Actinidia wobzalidwa kumene padzuwa, izi zimagwira pamizu ndi masamba
Mnansi woyipitsitsa wa Actinidia ndi mtengo wa apulo. Mwambiri, sakonda mitengo yobala zipatso ndipo mwina 'imangoyenda.' Amayikidwa pafupi ndi tchire lopindika. Zovala zilizonse zomwe zimamasula dothi ndikuzifetsa ndi nayitrogeni ndizothandiza. Actinidia wa mkangano amawoneka mochititsa chidwi pozungulira ndi maluwa owala pachaka - marigolds, viola, asters, gerberas, petunias. Sachita "mpikisano" wake, kuyamwa michere m'nthaka.
Acitinidia a mkangano wobzala pansi ayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi ukonde kapena kupanga cholepheretsa china chomwe chimateteza ku amphaka
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire actinidia
Malangizo Akusamalira Mbewu
Actinidia wa mkangano amawoneka ngati chomera chosalemekeza. Kuti mumusamalire ndikulandila mbeu nthawi zonse ngakhale kwa omwe alibe luso logwiritsa ntchito dimba.
Kuthirira
Ndikofunikira kupeza malo apakati apa. Zomera zimasiyirana poti ziume kaye ndikuthilira nthaka m'nthaka. Zonsezi, ndi zina zitha kuwononga. Chifukwa chake, zophatikizira pakati pa ulimi wothirira zimasinthidwa kutengera nyengo yomwe ili mumsewu.
Potentha kwambiri, chomera chachikulu chimamwa madzi 60-80 L masiku onse asanu ndi awiri.
Nthawi iliyonse mutathirira, dothi lomwe lili mozungulira limamasulidwa, koma losaya. Ngati ndi kotheka, yambitsaninso mulch wosanjikiza. Mizu ya mbewuyo ndi yopanda ntchito, kotero muyenera kuisamalira mosamala.
Njira yomwe akukondweretsayo ndi kuwaza kapena kuthirira kuchokera mumtsinje, kuthilira mvula yachilengedwe. Pamatenthedwe kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera masamba kuwonjezera pamadzulo.
Ntchito feteleza
Actinidia amadyetsedwa katatu pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma April. 20-25 g wa urea, ammonium nitrate, ndi ammonium sulfate mu mawonekedwe owuma amagawidwa pagawo loyandikira. Kamodzikamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, pakumanga kumasula dothi, humus kapena manyowa owola (15-20 l) kumayambitsidwa.
Urea imakhala ndi chotenga nthawi yayitali, motero imapereka pang'onopang'ono zinthu zam'mera zamaluwa
Pakucha zipatso, mbewu zimafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. 45-60 g ya superphosphate yosavuta ndi 25-30 g ya potaziyamu sulfate imasungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi ndipo mpesa umathiriridwa. Kuvala komweko kwapamwamba kumabwerezedwanso mu kugwa, patadutsa masiku 12 mpaka 15 atatha zipatso. Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kovuta (ABA, Autumn) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni (botolo awiri malita 5 a madzi otentha).
Phulusa la nkhuni - feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe, gwero la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous
Kukonzekera yozizira
Actinidia wotsutsana ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi kupitilira apo safuna kukonzekera kwapadera nyengo yachisanu. Ndikokwanira kuyeretsa bwalo lozungulira-kuchokera kuzotseketsa zamasamba ndikusintha mawonekedwe a mulch, ndikubweretsa makulidwe ake 12 cm.
Mitundu yambiri yamagulu a Actinidia imakhala ndi chisanu chabwino, choncho ndi mbewu zochepa zokha zomwe zimafunikira malo ogona nthawi yachisanu
Zomera zazing'ono zimachotsedwa mu trellis, ndikuyala bwino pansi. Amawaza masamba, udzu, wokutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce ndikuwumangiriza ndi zinthu zofunikira kupuma. Chipale chofewa chikangogwa, amaponya mapangidwe ake, ndikupanga chipale chofewa. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhazikika, kotero katatu pachaka ifunika kusinthidwa, kuphwanya kutumphuka kwa kulowetsedwa kolimba komwe kumakhala pansi.
Popeza masamba atayika m'dzinja, mkangano wa actinidia umawoneka wopanda tanthauzo
Kudulira
Popeza liana ndi lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kudulira ndikofunikira kwambiri pachaka. Zomera zotere zimawoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino. Zomwe zimangochitika pakanthawi kovomerezeka ndizovomerezeka. Kudulira kumachitika masamba atagwa (pafupifupi mwezi chisanu chisanachitike) kapena kumapeto kwa dzinja kuti "mabala" akhale ndi nthawi yochira pang'ono.
Podula actinidia gwiritsani ntchito chida chokha chakuthwa chokhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Nthawi yoyamba njirayi ikuchitika kwa nyengo yachitatu mutabzala mmera pansi. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa mphukira zonse zouma, zosweka, zopanda zipatso, komanso zina zosapezeka bwino (kukulitsa korona, kumera). Zotsalazo zimadulidwa ndi pafupifupi chitatu, kupititsa patsogolo nthambi. Zokhazikitsidwa pa trellis, zowongoleredwa molunjika kumtunda kapena kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi fan. Chaka chotsatira, mphukira ndizotsatira zake.
Kudulira ndikofunika kwambiri pakusamalidwa moyenera kwa Actinidia.
Zaka 8-10 zilizonse, kudulira kukalamba kumachitika. Mphukira zonse zachikulire kuposa m'badwo uno zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya stumps 20-30-centimeter.
Kanema: Careinidia Care
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo zovulaza, monga lamulo, siziyenera kuchita actinidia ndi chidwi chawo. Choopsa chachikulu kwa iye ndi amphaka, omwe amatha kuwononga kwambiri mphukira ndi mizu ya chomera, kuyesera kuti afike ku msuzi.
Kuchokera ku matenda, mmerawo umavutika pafupipafupi. Kwenikweni, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, nkhungu, yomwe imakwiya ndi kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka, imatha kukula. Kuti muthane nawo, madzi a Bordeaux, sulfate yamitundu ina ndi mafangasi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kanema: Malangizo okukula a Actinidia athanzi
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Pazipinda zocheperako mungagule zinthu zosiyanasiyana za Issei. Chijapani Amakhala wamtali wa 4m okha. Liana amadzilimbitsa, koma zipatso zopanda chitsamba chachimuna ndizochulukirapo (pafupifupi ku Colomicta). Koma iyenera kuphimbidwa, monga mitundu yosakhala bwino ya mabulosi akuda, mphesa, maluwa. Koma imabala chipatso chaka chamawa mutabzala.
Stefan//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=135
Timakulitsa Actinidia wa Issai osiyanasiyana mkangano. Mwa mitundu yonse ya actinidia, mitundu iyi imadzipukutira yokha, kudzipatsa, kusankhidwa kwa Japan. Mizati yolimba, osati ukonde, ndi bwino kuthandizidwa, chifukwa uwu ndi mpesa wamphamvu. Tazunguliridwa ndi mizati itatu. Scourge, motero, timasiyanso zitatu kuti zitheke zipatso. Takhala tikulima kwa chaka chachiwiri, koma zipatso za kiwi zaperekedwa kale, koma osati zochuluka kwambiri. Mliri umakutidwa ndikuthandizira mosavutikira, ndikukula msanga.
Rietta//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=771934
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, chinanazi Actinidia osiyanasiyana amalephera kuzizira mpaka -28 ºº. Ku Samara, izi zimayamba kuzizira kwa chaka chachiwiri (kutentha kuzizira uku kunatsikira -29.6 ºº). 40% ya mipesa imasungidwa, masamba amatsegulidwa mochedwa. Pazinthu zomwezi, mpesa womwe umakhala pachimake cha Weiki udazizira kwathunthu molingana ndi kufunda kwa chipale chofewa.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11024
A Actinidia Geneva akhala "akudya" kwa chaka chathunthu ndipo sakufuna kuphukira ... Ngakhale kunalibe wopukutira mungu - chinaphuka, pollinator adawoneka - adasiya maluwa. Kasupe uyu, tchire limodzi lomwe linakololedwa bwino, mu kugwa ine ndidzaduladula ndi mawonekedwe omaliza. Chitsamba chachiwiri sichinakhudze. Masamba pa trellis popanda pobisalira. Mwina masamba amaundana ... Kukula mphamvu pamlingo wazipatso Zambiri, Zoyesedwa.
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11026
Ndasiya mphukira za actinidia jumbo nditafukula ndi kutentha kwa -28 ºº. Chapakatikati, mphukira yodulidwa inali yobiriwira, koma ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yokukula masamba sanaphuke, ndipo mphukira zambiri zinafota. Koma kusungidwa ndi chisanu mikhalidwe yanga kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa zigawo.
Andrii//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=396&page=169
Watsopano wosakanizidwa mitundu ya Actinidia kutsutsana - Seputembala, Kiev wosakanizidwa, Kiev wamkulu-wokhala ndi zipatso (wokumbukira), munda wa chinangwa, Wodziwika. Zowona, adakhala osakhala ozizira pang'ono kuposa colomict, koma mchikhalidwe amatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -30-35 -35С. Nthawi yomweyo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, yayikulu-zipatso (kulemera kwa zipatso kuyambira 8 mpaka 25 g), kukoma kwabwino komanso lochuluka. Mpaka pano, ndizabwino kwambiri zomwe zikukula ku Russia.
Lia//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182&st=220
Kuyambira 2000 ndakhala ndikukulira mitundu itatu ya Actinidia: Pavlovskaya, Seputembala, ndi mitundu ina yosadziwika. Kuphatikiza "mwana" yemwe mayanjidwe ake amadziwika sakudziwika. Ambiri monga Pavlovskaya pakukula kokhazikika, mbewu zazitali komanso zazikulu. Ngati tingayerekeze ndi Sentyabrskaya, zomwe, zikuwoneka ngati zamphamvu kwambiri pakukula mphamvu kuposa Pavlovskaya, ndiye kuti wakaleyo amawonera kuyipitsidwa kwamaluwa amodzi. Chipatsochi chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, chomwe sichinganenedwe za Pavlovskaya, pomwe zipatso zonse ndi chimodzi. Zitsamba zonse zazikazi zimalowa mkati ndi maluwa mphukira zachimuna pazomera.
Foxbane//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
Actinidia Sepembera - mmera wosankhika wosankhidwa mu 1968 kuchokera ku mbewu za argut womwe udachokera ku China. Wamphesa wolimba mwamphamvu ndi mphukira zochulukirapo. Masamba amakhala wandiweyani, wamphongo pamitsempha, ovoid, kuyambira pakatalika mpaka pakamtunda. Ma cloves ndi akuthwa. Maluwa ndi a dioecious, oyera, akulu (2.6 masentimita awiri), amitundu-isanu, pamitundu iwiri yopanda udzu, amodzi ndi atatu mu inflorescence, axillary. Thumba losunga mazira ndi lalikulu, lambiri. Limamasula koyambirira kwa Juni. Zipatsozi ndizopanda mawonekedwe, zobiriwira zakuda, zosalala, pafupi ndi phesi - zotentheka bwino (zokhala ndi riboni), zazikulu, zolemera 8-10 g. Thupi ndilobiriwira mopepuka, yowutsa mudyo, yofewa, yokoma, ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Zipatso zipsa kumayambiriro kwa September. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso zam'chitini. Zokolola kuchokera kuthengo ndi 9-12 kg. Zipatso za mitundu iyi ndizosavuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya argut. Mumtunduwu, zotsalira za pestle zimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu mozungulira kuti mabulosi, omwe siali amtundu wina. Ubwino wa Gawo: yakucha yakucha, shuga okhutira ndi zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa nthawi yozizira.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11424
Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamalingaliro a Actinidia kwa ine ndi Purple Garden. Ku Moscow, kukula popanda pogona ndikuchotsedwa ku thandizo. Zipatso pachaka, koma osati nthawi zonse.
Mzere wobiriwira//www.greeninfo.ru/fruits/actinidia_arur_purpurea.html/Forum/-/tID/7150
Ma actinidia a mkangano ndi chomera chokongola komanso chothandiza kwambiri. Ngakhale olima maluwa a novice amatha kubzala mpesa ndikuusamalira. Zipatso zake zimakhala zamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kukoma kwambiri komanso mavitamini ambiri, ofunikira ku macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri.Opanga aku Russia ndi akunja akupanga mitundu yatsopano yonse.
