Njira zabwino zothetsera moss marshaltia, kupewa maonekedwe

Marshantia ndi mtundu wa mitengo yosasunthika ya moss. Chovulaza chachikulu cha ulendowu ndi chakuti chimaphimba malo akuluakulu a dothi mumtambo wambiri ndipo amalepheretsa mpweya kuti usalowe muzu wa zomera ndi zokongola. Mitundu ikuluikulu, monga chimanga, moss iyi siingakhoze kuvulaza. Koma ngati zikuwonekera pa tsambali ndi mphukira za maluwa okongoletsera ang'onoang'ono, zimakhala zovuta kuwononga zomera zosakhwima zokongola. M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito udzu.

Kufotokozera

Marshansiya ndi wa banja la Marchanciae, Dipatimenti ya Chiwindi. Botanists ali ndi mitundu yoposa 50 ya mitsinje, ena mwa iwo ndi adani a chilimwe komanso alimi. Moss uyu ukhoza kupezeka pa dziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale ku Antarctica.

Amakondwera kukula m'malo ouma amdima pamtunda ndi mkulu wa acidity. Kuyenda sikulimbana ndi mpikisano ndi namsongole ena ndi zomera zakutchire, kotero, imasankha kuthetsa voids kapena moto.

Mukudziwa? Mizu ya maulendowa ndi ma rhizoids (ulusi woonda) womwe umatha kukhala nawo pamadzi.

Oimira a mtunduwu ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Zimakhala ndi tsamba lobiriwira lobiriwira, pambali yomwe imakhala ndi makapu okhala ndi masamba.

Marshantia ali ndi abambo (antheridia) ndi akazi (archegonia) ziwalo zoberekera. Zoyamba zimakhala ndi mwendo wopepuka ndi chishango (kapena chishango chimodzi), chachiwiri - zimasonkhana pa "zothandizira," zomwe zimaoneka ngati katsulo pamilingo.

Bokosili likuwululidwa mwa mano asanu ndi atatu akuwerama kumbuyo. Mu bokosi, kuwonjezera pa mkangano, pali okonzeka omwe angasinthe kapangidwe kake pamene chinyezi cha chilengedwe chikusintha. Wolemekezeka kwambiri komanso wofala kwambiri wa mitunduyi ndi Marchion polymorphic (zosiyana kapena zosintha).

Zomwe zimapezeka pa makontinenti onse, zimakula makamaka pamatanthwe, moto ndi malo otupa opanda kuwala.

Njira zolimbana

Mukhoza kumenyana ndi maulendo m'munda mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu za njirazi zidzakhala zosiyana, koma zofunikira (thupi ndi ndalama) sizowonjezereka.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muphunzire njira zonse zomwe mungathe kuchita ndi udzuwu ndikudzipezera nokha zogwira mtima komanso zabwino kwambiri:

• Njira yowononga moshi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa izo pa chiwembu chonse. Ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta, koma yothandiza kwambiri. Pambuyo pazitsamba zonsezi, nkofunika kulima nthaka, monga namsongole amakonda nthaka yambiri. Kenaka muyenera kufufuza nthaka chifukwa cha acidity. Marshantia imakonda dothi losakanikirana, ndipo ngati simusintha, namsongole amatha kuwonekera pa chiwembu chanu.

  Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nthaka zomwe zilipo, momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka, komanso momwe mungatulutse nthaka.

  Tengani masamba ang'onoang'ono a chitumbuwa kapena currant ndikupangidwanso. Ponyani pansi kuchokera ku chiwembu chanu. Ngati msuzi umakhala wofiira, zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi nthaka yowawa, ngati imakhala yobiriwira - saloŵerera, ngati imatembenuza buluu - asidi wamba. Njira yowonjezera yotsimikiziridwa: kuponyera nthaka mu njira ya madzi a soda, ngati ikuyamba kuphulika, zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi yankho la vinyo wosasa, pakali pano, kupezeka kwa ming'alu kudzasonyezera nthaka yamchere.

  Ndikofunikira! Kukulumikiza ndi manyowa kapena kompositi kudzawonjezera kwambiri asidi a nthaka.

  Dziko lingathenso kukhala ndi labotale yapadera, kumene mudzapatsidwa tsatanetsatane wofotokozera ndi machitidwe a nthaka. Ngati zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi mtundu wa acidic wa dothi, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuti musamalowetse. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito laimu, ufa wa dolomite, phulusa la peat, chokopa kapena chotupa cha nkhuni;

• Mungayesetse kugonjetsa moss kumapeto kwa autumn kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi mkuwa sulphate. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides ndikowononga nthawi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti marshaltia amachulukitsa ndi spores, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides kungangovulaza mbewu zokongola za munda;
• Kumbukirani kuti moss uyu amasankha malo. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kufesa munda ndi clover, colza kapena mpiru. N'zotheka kudzala mbewu za m'munda pakati pa zowalima: Kupanga mabowo obzala ndi kubowola, pamene mbande ndizolimba, manyowa a mtundu wobiriwira ayenera kuwongolera pamodzi ndi mbewu zamasamba. Mukatha kukolola, muyeneranso kubzala munda wa ndiwo zamasamba ndi sideratov.

  Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge za momwe mungamere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpiru, rapesed, radish oil, lupine, phacelia, sweet clover, nyemba, oats ndi buckwheat monga siderata.

  Posakhalitsa mositi udzatha, chifukwa sichidzalimbana ndi mpikisano ndi zomera zowonjezereka;

• kulimbikitsa malo omwe marshalia amakula, ndi laimu ndi phulusa, kenako sungani chiwembucho. Monga mulch ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito peat, yomwe idzatenthedwa pansi pa kutentha kwa dzuŵa ndikuumitsa moss. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito makungwa a mitengo kapena masamba owuma ngati mulch;
• Moss ikhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi njira imodzi yokha komanso yosavuta, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo chiwembu chanu sichingakhale choyenera kulima panthawi yamavuto. Chigawo chonse chimene maulendo akukula chiyenera kukhala ndi filimu yakuda yakuda ndikudikirira mpaka mosachedwa. Pambuyo pake, n'zotheka kusokoneza asidi m'nthaka ndi kudzala mbewu zakulima kapena zokongola;
• Bwezerani mmwamba pamwamba pa malo omwe udzu umakula. Pali njira yapadera kwa izi, komabe mungagwiritsire ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kapena mpeni waukulu;

  Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Fokin-flatter cutter molondola, komanso momwe mungadzipangire nokha.

• Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka, tsitsani madzi otentha pa gawo lanu, momwe mumathera potaziyamu permanganate ndi mkuwa sulphate mofanana. Ngati kuli kotheka, bweretsani ndondomeko kawiri pamachepiti a sabata;
• manyowa zomera zomwe zimamera pa chiwembu chomwecho ndi marshal, feteleza amchere. Amalimbikitsa kuwonjezereka kwa zomera zokongola ndi zaulimi. Chotsatira chake, ulendowu udzakhala mumthunzi wa malo okhalamo ndipo phindu lalikulu la moss lidzafa basi.

Musaiwale kuti kuyendayenda kumawonjezereka m'njira ziwiri:

• spores zazikulu zomwe mphepo imanyamula maulendo ataliatali;
• Mphukira yomwe imachokera ku makapu a chomera chachikulu ndikukula pambali pake.

Izi ndi zofunika kuziganizira pochita ndi udzu. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale mutalima nthaka, moss imatha kwa kanthaŵi, koma spores amakhala pansi ndipo posachedwa zidzamera kachiwiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake njira zamakedinayi zolimbana ndizofunika: kuchepetsa nthaka yowonjezereka, kulima ndi zobiriwira, ndi mulch nthawi zonse.

Kupewa

Njira zothandizira zotsutsana ndi ma Marshans pa tsamba:

• Nkhumba zambiri zimagwera m'minda yamaluwa wamaluwa, pamodzi ndi mbewu za maluwa ndi zaulimi za Dutch kapena Polish. Popanda microscope, simungathe kudziwa mossi spores mu thumba, kotero pali ndondomeko: kukula mbewu zonse zogulidwa ndi mmera. Zimakhala zosavuta kuchotsa moss mu makapu ndi mbande kusiyana ndi chiwembu chachikulu, kuphatikizapo, mikangano yochokera ku matankiwa sizingatheke kumunda wanu;
• pali kuthekera kuti mikangano yoyendayenda ikhoza kugwidwa ndi mphepo. Koma ngati mulibe nthaka kapena alkaline, ndiye kuti spores idzafa. Kuti muchite izi, yesetsani kuwaza dziko lanu ndi phulusa, choko kapena mandimu;

Ndikofunikira! Yesetsani kuthetsa mthunzi pa tsamba lanu momwe mungathere ndikupangitsa kuti nthaka isinthe. Pa chiwembu mungatenge mchenga ndikupukuta nthaka ndi singano.

• Musapitirirepo ndi feteleza zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbikitsa kukula kwa udzu. Manyowa pang'ono;
• musamere nthaka sulfure, ferrous sulphate, urea ndi calcium kapena nitrate ya potassium. Zonsezi zikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri msinkhu wa PH, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera acidity;
• Kumbukirani, marshaltia amakonda nthaka yowonongeka. Ngati mchere ukupezekabe pa webusaiti yanu, yesetsani kubzala mbewu zoyamba zomwe zimafunika kuchepa.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya chiwindi yomwe ikukula mumzinda wa Siberia imatha kupanga mapuloteni pansi pa chipale chofewa cha chisanu cha masentimita masentimita -15 ° C.

Tsopano mumadziwa momwe mafilimu akuwonekera komanso momwe angagwirire nazo panyumba. Musalole kupitiliza nthaka, kuwonjezeka kwa acidity, nthawi zonse kusungunula ndi kumasula dera lanu, ndiyeno marshaltia sakhala mdani wanu.

Mtumiki Wogwiritsa Ntchito

Marshantia. Amakhala m'kalasi la moses wa chiwindi. Ndi udzu woipa, umakula kwambiri ndi chophimba chodontheza ndipo salola mizu ya munda kukhala mpweya.

Floriana

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Ine ndinawerenga za izo ndipo ndamvetsa kale zomwe sizingatheke muck izo ziri. Tsopano ndikuwopa kuti akanatha kukhala. Koma ndinasakaniza dziko lapansi pozungulira ndikulima, ndikuyembekeza kuti silidzakula.

lapushka

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