Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timayambitsa matendawa komanso maonekedwe aakulu a matenda aakulu. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa munthu wodwalayo kupita kwa munthu wathanzi, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipatala. M'nkhani ino, tikambirana njira zomwe zingatheke komanso njira zopezera chitetezo, komanso kufotokozera njira zakonzekera mankhwala ndi mankhwala otetezeka.
Cholinga chogwira ntchito
Kuti mumvetsetse ntchito za mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choyamba muyenera kudziwa chomwe chiri. Nthawi zambiri, mawuwa amatanthauza mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. 
Pa cholinga chimodzimodzi, mankhwala oopsa a mankhwala osokoneza bongo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma, ngakhale zili choncho, cholinga ndi chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense - kuthetsa magwero a matenda ndi kupiritsa mankhwala m'chipinda kuti apeze anthu mwachangu.
Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe azachipatala, ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masukulu komanso m'zigawo zapamapiri, pokhala ndi kusintha pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Malo okondedwa a thupi la munthu kwa majeremusi ndi mutu (malo ake aubweya) ndi manja. Kawirikawiri, tizilombo timabisala pansi pa misomali, kumbali ndi mbali za mitengo ya palmu.
Mitundu ya disinfection
Malinga ndi malo enieni ndi chiwerengero cha matenda, prophylactic ndi focal disinfection ndizosiyana, ndipo zowonjezereka zikugawanika pakali pano ndi zomalizira. Ganizirani za mitundu iliyonse pafupi kwambiri. 
Prophylactic
Njirayi ndi yofunika chabe ngati njira yothetsera vutoli. Matenda oyenera kutetezedwa ayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, makamaka m'madera omwe chiopsezo chotuluka mthupi chikuwonjezeka.
Choyamba, tikukamba za zipatala, zipatala, malo owonetserako zachipatala, malo osonkhanitsira anthu ambiri (mwachitsanzo, malo oyendetsa njanji, zipatala za anthu, kayendedwe), makampani ogulitsa chakudya, masukulu ndi sukulu zapachiyambi.
Pofuna kukhala ndi ukhondo, Brovadez-plus, Farmiod ndi Virotz amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinyama, komanso potassium permanganate ndi ayodini amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula.
Kuonjezerapo, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa malo enieni, chithandizo chodziletsa chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi mabungwe amabizinesi ndi mabungwe ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kutuluka ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira zazikulu za mtundu uwu wa disinfection angathenso kulingalira ngati kuyeretsa malo ogwira ntchito ndi malo osambiramo, kutsuka zovala, kuchotsa zinyama zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi mankhwala, kutsuka manja ndi mbale, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse kunyumba. 
Choposa zonse, ngati mankhwala onsewa adzachitika pogwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya oyeretsa kapena opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ngati tikukamba za chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda).
Zovuta
Mtundu uwu wa disinfection umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezereka, monga nthawi zina mumayenera kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda kapena kusakayika kwa kufalikira kwake. Kawirikawiri izi zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa pakali pano komanso zomaliza.
Choyamba chimachitika m'nyumba ndi munthu wodwala, ndipo chachiwiri chimapereka mankhwala otsekemera atasamutsidwa kapena atatulutsidwa.
Pakali pano
Kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwamakono - chikhalidwe choyenera m'mazipatala kapena kunyumba, komwe kuli chitsimikizo cha matenda (mwachitsanzo, munthu wodwala). Kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi ndizochitika m'madipatimenti opatsirana a zipatala, zipinda zamagalimoto, zipangizo zamakono ndi ma laboratories, omwe ogwira ntchito awo amakumana ndi zochitika zowopsa zamoyo tsiku ndi tsiku. 
Ntchito yaikulu ya kutetezedwa kotereku ndikuteteza kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyanjana kwawo ndi anthu wathanzi kunja kwa maganizo omwe alipo kale.
Zifukwa zowonjezereka za mtundu uwu wa disinfection ndi izi:
- Kukhala kwa wodwala kwa nthawi yayitali m'chipinda cha konkire asanafike kuchipatala;
- kuchiza wodwala kunyumba mpaka kuchira;
- kupeza munthu wodwala matenda kuchipatala asanatuluke ku chipatala.
Gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'maofesi amakhala kachitidwa ndi dotolo yemwe adziwa wodwalayo, ndipo akuchitidwa ndi banja lomwelo.
Nthaŵi zina zonse zomwe bungwe limagwiritsa ntchito zimatengedwa ndi ogwira ntchito zapadera, koma izi ndizovuta kwa mabungwe azachipatala ndi makampani ena.
Ndikofunikira! Kutaya kwa disinfection komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito yaukhondo-matenda opatsirana pogonana kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yopanda kuthana nayo kuthetsa vutoli, chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyeso yambiri ikuchedwa ndipo sichiyendetsedwa m'njira iliyonse.
Kutsiriza
Njirayi yotsitsimutsira ntchito imachitidwa kuti yeretseni chipinda mutapeza wodwalayo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. 
Monga kale, cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV pochotsa ziwalo zonse za matenda.
Chithandizo chomaliza cha mankhwala ophera antiseptic chiyenera kuchitika pambuyo poyeretsa, kudzipatula kapena kufa kwa wodwala, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa matenda otere monga nthenda, kolera, matenda a typhoid, khate, nthenda, diphtheria, matenda a tsitsi, khungu ndi misomali.
Komanso, mtundu uwu wa disinfection sudzakhalanso wovuta ku matenda a matenda opatsirana kapena ngati akuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis, poliomyelitis, minofu, matenda opatsirana kwambiri m'mimba, ndi zina. Ngati matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi pangozi, chitetezo chotsiriza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira zochitika zapachirombo.
Njira zowonongeka
Pa milandu iliyonse yomwe ikufotokozedwa, munthu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zake zokha mabakiteriya, omwe amagawidwa mu chilengedwe, mankhwala (gulu lalikulu kwambiri) ndi thupi.
Zamoyo
Pankhaniyi, vuto la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono - otentha kapena otsutsa. 
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kutetezedwa kwa madzi osokoneza m'minda yothirira, m'malo osonkhanitsira zinyalala, zinyalala, zotsalira zazachilengedwe ndi kompositi.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku malo owona za ziweto ndi ku mabungwe ogulitsa, komanso m'midzi ya mmizinda zomwe sizichitika.
Mankhwala
Gululi limaphatikizapo njira zowonongeka kwambiri za gawoli - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachokera pa iwo amawononga makoma a mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi komanso amachititsa kuti zinthu zoipa zisawonongeke.
Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pa malo osiyanasiyana, popanda kuwavulaza. 
Zomwe zimayenera kuti zitsitsimutso zoterezi zikhale zotetezeka kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, kukhala ndi madzi okwanira bwino komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza mavitamini pamene akukhudzana ndi zamoyo.
Kusankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumapangidwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zozungulira ndi mtundu wa pamwamba, koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chlorhexidine amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana siyana.
Thupi
Zina mwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo toyipa, kuwiritsa, kuwerengera, kutentha kwa dzuwa, mpweya wa madzi, kapena zipinda zogwiritsira ntchito ndi nyali za UV zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zokhudzana ndi kachilombo zingathe kutenthedwa.
Mankhwala opatsirana a matenda opatsirana sangathe kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, choncho Kuchepetsa kutentha kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli. 
Njira yoyenera ya njira iliyonseyi imatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu wa chithandizo cham'mwamba, zizindikiro za chipinda ndi zina zina zakunja.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti tipeze zotsatira zogwira mtima kwambiri za njira yoteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zomwe zatsimikiziridwa nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuyera kwa UV kukuphatikizidwa bwino ndi kuyeretsa kwamadzi, ndipo kuti muyeretsedwe madzi mukhoza kuyamba kudutsa mu fyuluta ndikuikiranso.
Pokhapokha nkofunikira kugawa ndi njira zopangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pogwiritsa ntchito kutaya chinthu. Kawirikawiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikitsa nthaka pochotsa pamwamba pake.
Pezani chifukwa chake komanso momwe mungachiyeretse nthaka musanadzale mbande.
Kulemba
Pakuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena chipinda chonsecho angagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala, kuchokera ku aerosols, pastes, madzi amadzimadzi ndi emulsions kuti phulders, mapiritsi ndi granules madzi osungunula. 
Mwachidziwitso, mndandanda wotsatira wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda umaonedwa kuti ndiwowamba kwambiri:
- Zinthu zomwe zili ndi chlorini. Amapereka makamaka chloramine, bleach, calcium hypochlorite. Iyi si njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito majeremusi, komanso imodzi mwa yabwino komanso yayikulu, chifukwa imakupatsani kuchotsa magulu osiyanasiyana a opatsirana pa nthawi. Zovuta zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito mawotchi amenewa ndizowononga pa malo ambiri, poizoni kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe.
- Zinthu zokhudzana ndi mpweya wokhazikika (kawirikawiri hydrogen peroxide, potaziyamu permanganate, Permur). Zokonzekera zonse za gululi zimadziwika ndi poizoni wochepa komanso zapamwamba zowonongeka kwa chilengedwe, panthawi imodzimodziyo kuwonetsa choopsya chachikulu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika lero.
- Mafakitale Osagwira Ntchito (mwachitsanzo, Veltolen, Vapusan kapena Biodez-Extra). Zili bwino kukonza malo komanso nthawi yomweyo zimathetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sizikuvulaza. Kujambula kwakukulu ndikumatha kulimbana ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo amitini apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, "Amiflayn"). Ichi ndi chitetezo chatsopano komanso chotsika kwambiri pa matenda. Zolemba zonse zimadziwika ndi zochita zambiri komanso zabwino kwambiri.
- Mowa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (woimiridwa ndi ethanol, isopropanol, propanol). Amagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa pamwamba, osazisiya. Komabe, zolephera za mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri salola kuti ntchito zawo zizigwirizana ndi malonda kapena mafakitale ena. Chowonadi ndi chakuti izi ndi zinthu zowonongeka ndi zotentha, zomwe, kuphatikizapo, zimafuna kuyeretseratu zoyamba za mankhwala operekedwa.
- Aldehyde mawonekedwe (kawirikawiri amapezeka "Glutaral", "Bianol", "Lizoformin"). Ambiri mwa iwo amadziwika bwino kwambiri komanso amachita zambiri, pomwe amakhalabe okhulupirika. Kuipa kwakukulu ndi msinkhu wa poizoni, chosowa chithandizo choyambitsanso cha mankhwala ena.
- Zithunzi za Guanidine (pakati pa otchuka kwambiri "Bior", "Polisept", "Demos"). Izi ndizochepa poizoni zomwe zingapangitse bactericidal filimu (imachepetsa mphamvu yotetezera) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa ku malo ambiri kuti athe kuchiritsidwa. Monga momwe zilili kale, musanagwiritse ntchito zipangizo, muyenera kuyeretsa.
- Mafakitale a Phenol ("Amotsid"). Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupweteka kwa ma microbes, ndipo kuipa kumaphatikizapo poizoni wamkulu, chifukwa chake zolemba zoterozo sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'midzi.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta a phulusa ndi mchenga amavomereza kuti awononge mabakiteriya ambiri, kotero kuti amawoneka kuti ndiwo malo obwino kwambiri a sopo - izi zimadziwika ngakhale madokotala.
Zitetezero za chitetezo
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala, nthawi zonse muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa pali chiopsezo cha kuwononga moyo wawo.
Pazifukwa za zipatala kapena mabungwe ena apadera, munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino amapanga mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo onse amagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana ndi kusakaniza zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opumitsa mpweya ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito magolovesi a rubber, suti zotetezera komanso ziboliboli zapamwamba (mwina kupuma kwapadera). 
Popeza kuti njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimasiyanitsidwa ndi msinkhu waukulu wa poizoni, n'zosadabwitsa kuti pali malamulo angapo omwe amatha kugwira nawo ntchito.
Izi ziphatikizapo:
- Kuloledwa kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okhawo omwe ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (18) ndipo omwe adalangizidwa (wogwira ntchitoyo akupatsidwa chidziwitso chokhudza chitetezo, chitetezo ndi thandizo loyamba ngati poizoni, etc.);
- kuchotsa kuntchito ndi mankhwala a anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto;
- Onse amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mbale kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, zimangokhala m'malo osankhidwa omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino;
- Mu malo omwe ali ndi mpweya wokwanira, kulengedwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo zonse zomwe zili ndi zothetsera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimayikidwa mmenemo ziyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro;
- malonda a zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kuikidwa m'malo osatsekedwa opanda mwayi wofikira anthu;
- magawo onse a kutsuka ndi kusamba mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa motsatizana molondola kuti athetse kuchotsa kwathunthu mankhwala omwe amachokera ku malo;
- Mutatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala, onse ogwira ntchito amafunika kusamba m'manja ndi kuwatsitsa ndi kirimu.
Malamulo onse oteteza chitetezo ali othandizira pazomwe zimayenderana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati akugwirana maso, amatsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Zowonjezereka zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo zimayikidwa mu "Malangizo" ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kuphika malamulo
Pofuna kukonza njira iliyonse yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera kapena zamagalasi zokhala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi mavitamini, makapu oyezera ndi makapu, zofukizira zamatabwa zothandizira, madzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zotsatira za zochitika zonse ndi izi:
- Thirani chikho choyezera madzi okwanira.
- Ikani mu chidebe chosiyana 1/3 cha madzi.
- Thirani kapena kutsanulira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Sakanizani ndodo yonse ya matabwa.
- Onjezerani madzi otsala ndikusakaniza zonse kachiwiri.
- Tsekani mwamsanga yankho ndi chivindikiro.
- Pachizindikirocho timasonyeza tsiku lokonzekera, dzina la mankhwala ogwiritsiridwa ntchito,% ndi nthawi ya malire ogwiritsidwa ntchito (ogwira ntchito zachipatala amawonjezera dzina lawo ndi signature).
Pofuna kukonza njira yothetsera bleach, 1 makilogalamu a mankhwala owuma ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 9 malita a madzi ozizira, pokhala nawo kalepo ndi spatula.
Chloric mandimu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga malo obiriwira m'nyengo ya masika, polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, asters, lilacs, phloxes, komanso mavwende, mbatata, eggplant, zukini, tomato.
Kusakaniza koyambirira musanagwiritse ntchito muyenera kukhalitsa tsiku, ndi ziwiri kapena zitatu-pitirizani kuyambitsa. Njira yothetsera imatsanuliridwa mu botolo lakuda, losungunuka mwadothi ndi kork. Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera yankho la zosiyana, mukhoza kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- 0.1% - mpaka 9,9 malita a madzi ndalama 100 ml ya solution 10% ya bleach;
- 0.2% - kwa 9.8 l madzi muyenera kutenga 200 ml yankho lomwelo;
- 0,5% - pa 9,5 l madzi 0,5 l mwa 10% njira yothetsera bleach;
- 1% - 9.0 l madzi amatenga 1 l mwa 10% yankho.
Chloramine kuphatikiza imakonzedwa mwamsanga musanagwiritse ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:
- 1% - 10 g ya mankhwala akuphatikiza ndi 990 ml madzi;
- 3% - 30 g ya chloramine ikuphatikizidwa ndi 970 ml ya madzi;
- 5% - 50 g ya zinthu zinasungunuka mu 950 ml ya madzi.
Inde, mutatha kusakaniza mu thanki ndi malembawo, m'pofunika kulembera kuti ndi yani yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kusungirako
Kusungidwa bwino kwa njira zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira imodzi yoyamba yopezera chitetezo. Choyamba, нужно позаботиться об отдельном помещении для организации подобного мини-склада (его оборудуют всеми необходимыми стеллажами и полками для раздельного хранения дезинфицирующих и обычных моющих средств).
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kuikidwa pazitsulo zitsulo, ndipo mabotolo a magalasi ayenera kuikidwa pa pallets.
Chachiwiri, mkati mwa chipindacho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zosavuta kulekerera kuonekera kwa mankhwala (zikhoza kukhala matayala, matayala kapena mafuta ojambula). 
Chachitatu, ndikofunika kupereka malo okwanira omwe amachotsa mpweya woipa nthawi zonse m'chipindamo. Kutentha kwa yosungirako zowonongeka njira zakhala ziri mkati mwa 0 ... +18 ° С.
Pankhani yosungirako yokha, zothetsera zonse ziyenera kuikidwa m'magawo osiyana ndi deta yolembedwa bwino pa malemba (dzina, mtengo, kuganizira za ntchito yogwira ntchito, tsiku lopanga, shelf moyo, ndi zina zotero).
Katundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mwezi wathu wonse ayenera kusungidwa mu malo osungira katundu, kutali ndi katundu ndi chakudya. Komanso m'pofunika kuchotsa momwe mungathe kuyanjana ndi njira za anthu osaloledwa.
