Kwa zaka zambiri m'mbuyomu ku Soviet, mipanda ndi loggias zinkaikidwa pambali kuti zisunge zinthu zakutchire ndi nyengo. Komabe, lero maderawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga minda yamaluwa, kubzala zokongola zonse pa khonde lomwelo komanso m'mabokosi a zitsulo.
Kusankha kwa zomera chifukwa chaichi lero ndi kwakukulu. M'nkhani ino, tidzakulangizani kuti muwoneke bwino komanso mukudzichepetsa mu chisamaliro - nandolo zabwino. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungakhalire nandolo zotsekemera pabwalo, zazinthu zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitundu yolima zomwe zili pansipa.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nandolo yabwino yokwera pa khonde
Nkhumba Zabwino (lat. Lathyrus odoratus) - Chaka chomera maluwa, ndi banja la legume. Dzina lake linali chifukwa chakuti pamene maluwa akutuluka ndi fungo losangalatsa kwambiri. Dzina lina la maluwa ndi malo onunkhira. Chiyambi cha chomera ichi chimapita kutali kwambiri kalelo ndipo sichidziwika mozama.
Mukudziwa? Zotsatira za nandolo zotsekemera zimatsogolera ku Sicily, kumene English zinamufikitsa ku 15th. Kusankhidwa kwa maluwa uku kunayamba koyamba m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi wasayansi wa ku Scottish Henry Ekford. Kuchokera apo, mitundu yambirimbiri ya nandolo zonyezimira zagwedezeka, kuphatikiza m'magulu 16.
Tsinde la nandolo zotsekemera ndizopota, zoonda, zokwawa, zofooka. Masamba ndi ofiira ndi mthunzi wokongola. Pamapeto pake muli zikhomo zomwe zimakulolani kumamatira kumbali ndikukula ngati liana.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (masentimita 2-6) amasonkhanitsidwa m'mayera a maluwa 15 kapena osachepera. Pa nthawi yomweyo pachimake 5-6 maluwa. Kutalika kwa maluwa a aliyense wa iwo - masiku 4-5. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: woyera, pinki, kirimu, wofiira, violet, buluu, ndi zina. Nthawi ya maluwa ndi yaitali - kuyambira June mpaka Oktoba.
Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa kukhala wamtali, kukula kwapakati ndi kochepa. Mitengo yaitali kwambiri imatha kufika mamita awiri-3-3, otsika kwambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi maluwa omwe afikira 20 masentimita. Mitundu yaitali imabzalidwa m'minda, malo obiriwira (kudula).
Pafupifupi mitundu 100 ya mitunduyi ndi yoyenera kubzala pamapanga, m'misasa, ndi gazebos. Magulu ambiri otchuka kwambiri ndi Spencer, Galaxy, Royal, Winter Elegance, Rufled. Mitengo yochepa (Mammut, Bijou, Fantasia, Cupid) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha mphika.
Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nandolo ndi maonekedwe osiyana ndi mitundu ya maluwa. Osati kale kwambiri, obereketsa anali ndi malingaliro a nthawi yaitali.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha mitundu yambiri ya nandolo, m'pofunika kulingalira kukula kwa dera limene likukonzekera kudzala, mthunzi ndi kukhalapo kwa zikhalidwe zina.
Nkhumba zokoma zimatha kuphatikizapo maluwa ena. Ngati ndondomekoyi ndi yokongola yokhala ndi khonde, ndiye kuti phalaphala ndi mapepala adzachita.
Mukasakaniza maluwa pafupi ndi inu mukhoza kudzala maluwa ndi geraniums.
Kukula nandolo zokoma kupyolera mu mbande
Maluwa a nandolo zotsekemera amafalitsidwa m'njira ziwiri:
- mbewu;
- mbande.
Musanadzale nandolo yabwino pa mbande, muyenera kusamalira nthawi yokonzekera nthaka ndi mbewu.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Ngati mukufuna kudzala mbande m'munda wa dothi, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukonzekera kugwa. Popeza nandolo zotsekemera zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kasupe, panthawiyi nthaka yotseguka idzakhala yozizira. Mtengo woyenera wa nthaka walowa mu khonde ndi kusungidwa mpaka masika pamalo ozizira.
Masabata oyambirira a March - nthawi yabwino kwambiri yomwe muyenera kubzala nandolo zokoma pa mbande. Masiku asanu ndi limodzi (6-7) musanafese nthaka ayenera kubweretsedwa m'nyumba kuti muwotche. Pambuyo pake, ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi peat osakaniza mbande (kugulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera).
Ngati mukufuna kudzala nandolo mu kugula kwa nthaka, ndiye nthaka "Universal", "Kwa zomera zamkati". Makapu apulasitiki wamba akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbewu, omwe anali atapanga kale mabowo mkati mwawo, kapena zida zapadera za mmera. Matanki ayenera kudzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi madzi ambiri.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Mutatha kusamalira nthaka, nkofunika kukonzekera mbeu. Pofuna kudziwa kuti zimamera, mbewu zimadonthozedwa tsiku limodzi (maola angapo) m'madzi otentha (50-60 ºС) madzi. Mukhozanso kupanga njira yowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu zokha za mdima ndizoyenera kutuluka. Mbewu zowala zamadzi sizikukondwera.
Tsiku lotsatira, mbewu zimenezo zomwe zimayandama pamwamba, kuponyera. Otsala pansi, atsepa, valani nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndi kuphimba ndi pulasitiki. Zisanayambe, kuti pakhale mwayi wochulukirapo, malaya amatha kuponyedwa ndi mpeni kapena misomali. Ngakhale njirayi ili yabwino kwambiri ndi odziwa maluwa odziwa maluwa.
Mphamvu ndi njere zimakhala pamalo otentha kwa masiku atatu, nthawi zonse zimawomba. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, ayamba kulavulira (nthawi yayitali), ndipo akhoza kubzalidwa pansi. Pachifukwachi, timabowo ting'onoting'ono (2.5-3 masentimita) timapanga pansi mu makapu, mbeu imodzi imabzalidwa mkati mwake ndipo imapangidwanso ndi nthaka. Maluso amayenera kukhala ndi zojambulajambula.
Ngati nyembazo sizibzalidwa m'malo osiyana, koma mu chidebe chimodzi, ziyenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 8. Mutabzala mbeu ayenera kuthiriridwa. Akangomva mphukira, filimuyi iyenera kuchotsedwa. Ikani makapu kapena trayi pamalo a dzuwa.
Kusamalira mmera
Kusamalira mbande za nandolo zokoma kumaphatikizapo kufufuza kutentha. Pakhomo sayenera kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20 ºС. Chipinda chiyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo mbande ziyenera kuthiridwa moyenera (1-2 pa sabata). Kudyetsa mbande ndi nayitrogeni feteleza n'zotheka.
Pambuyo pa masamba oyambirira akuoneka pa mbatata, ayenera kuyamwa, kusiya masentimita 14 pakati pa mphukira. Pamene masamba amaoneka, ayenera kuchotsedwa asanabzalidwe.
Kubzala mbande
Mabokosi a khonde ndi miphika amabzalidwa ndi mchenga wa dziko lapansi titatha nyengo yofunda. Njira yobzala iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, kuti asawononge ziphuphu zowonongeka ndi mizu yosauka bwino.
Izi zimapindula bwino ngati mmera umayamwa bwino, ndipo chikho chimene chimabzalidwa chimadulidwa ndi lumo ndipo nthaka yonse imachotsedwa kumeneko. Pa nthawi yomweyi m'dothi mumphika mumapanga malo omwe amatha kukhala ndi mphukira pamodzi ndi zonse zapadziko lapansi.
Ngati zomera zingapo zidabzalidwa, mipata pakati pawo yatsala 20-25 cm kutalika, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe yasankhidwa. Mitengo yayitali imabzala zidutswa zinayi pa 1 lalikulu. m
Kuzoloŵera malo atsopano a nandolo kudzakhala pafupifupi masabata awiri, panthawiyi akhoza kuona kusowa kwa kukula. Panthawi imeneyi, mphukira imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale mthunzi kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Kufesa mbewu za mapeyala okoma mwachindunji mabokosi omwe ali pabwalo
Gawo la kukula kwa mbande za nandolo zotsekemera zimatha kudumpha, ndikuyamba kukula kuchokera kumbewu nthawi yomweyo mpaka pamene maluwawo amakula mtsogolo. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kudzala nandolo mu bokosi lina pafupi ndi zomera zina, ndiye njira iyi idzakhala yokhayo yomwe ingatheke.
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zake zazikulu ndi kuti duwa lidzatuluka mtsogolo - mu July ndi August. Ngakhale kuti vutoli lidzathetsedweratu, ndikwanira kuphimba bokosi ndi pulasitiki kukulunga sabata musanadzalemo mbeu. Izi zimachitika pofuna kutentha dziko lapansi.
Kukonzekera dothi ndi mbeu pamene mutabzala mwabokosi m'mabotolo sizotsutsana ndi njirayi pamene mukuzala mbande. Kuti chitukuko chikhale chokwanira, pea wokoma imadalira kwambiri (pafupifupi masentimita 60) ndipo osati yaikulu kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyala kwa nandolo zokoma kumachita bwino ndi mbewu zogulidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Mbewu yobzala amasankha mwatsopano, alumali moyo wosapitirira chaka chimodzi. Pambuyo poonekera masamba awiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwira sokonezani zomera, Izi zidzalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha mphukira. Kumayambiriro mitundu maluwa imapezeka 60 masiku pambuyo kufesa.
Momwe mungasamalire nandolo zokoma m'chilimwe pa khonde
Nkhumba Zabwino - Chomeracho ndi chodzichepetsa pa chisamaliro, koma chimafunikiranso kusamalidwa ndi kutsatira malamulo ena akulima. Makamaka, maluwa awa salola:
- dzuwa;
- mthunzi wonse;
- chinyezi chokwanira;
- madontho akuda otentha.
Mukudziwa? Peyala yokoma ndi yokongola yokha; wina asaganize kuti n'zotheka kukula msipu. Dzina lomwelo la duwa ndi tsabola limangokhala mwadzidzidzi.
Njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizirayi ndiyo kuchotsa mwamsanga maluwa oundana kuti athetse mapangidwe a zipatso. Ndipotu, nandolo ikayamba kubereka zipatso, maluwa ake amachepetsanso.
Konzani bwino
Kuthirira mapeyala okoma ayenera kukhala oyenera. Njirayi imapangidwa bwino m'mawa kapena madzulo. Ndibwino kuti utulutse mankhwalawo kuchokera ku sprayer, ndikuonetsetsa kuti zomera sizitha padzuwa, mwinamwake kutentha kwa masamba ndi kotheka.
Mukamwetsa mtsinje wa madzi muyenera kuyendetsa mtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera mu tsinde.
Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka pansi pa chomeracho, ndibwino kuti muyambe kuyipeza kuti mupeze bwino mpweya wa mizu.
Pa nthawi yowuma komanso yotentha, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala wambiri komanso kawirikawiri.
Kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse mukhoza kuwonjezera feteleza kumadzi kuti azidyetsa.
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza
Pakati pa kukula kwachangu komanso maluwa asanayambe maluwa, amadyetsedwa kamodzi kamodzi ndi mineral ndi nitrojeni feteleza. Pakati pa maluwa, mungagwiritse ntchito mchere wothira "Flower", "Agricola" (kawiri). Kugonjetsa ndi kuvala sikuli koyenera. Pali chiopsezo kuti izi zingapangitse kukula kwa maluwa ndi kuchepa kwa tsamba.
Mapesi a Garter
Mitengo ya garter inachitika pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa nyundo yoyamba kumapeto kwa masamba. Pa khonde muyenera kutambasula chingwe ndi kumangiriza nandoloyi ndi twini.
Zidzakhala ngati maluwa, ndiye mwiniwakeyo ayamba kusankha chithandizo chake pa mphukira. Muyenera kusintha kusintha kwake m'njira yoyenera. Kuti duwa likhale losangalala, mukhoza kuyika galasi kapena sitima.
Kulima nandolo zonyezimira pa khonde sikukhala kovuta ndipo kudzakupatsa mtundu wautali komanso wautali wamaluwa.
