Momwe mungaperekere anyezi, malamulo onse a zakudya zamasamba

Anyezi ndi chimodzi mwa mbewu zomwe amakonda kwambiri wamaluwa. Pa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, idzapatsa zakudya zosiyana ndi zokometsera zokometsera, kuzikwaniritsa ndi mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu. Koma pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kukolola bwino, wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayenera kudziwa momwe angadyetse anyezi.

Mukudziwa? Chakudya chofala kwambiri padziko lonse - ndiwo anyezi.

Manyowa anyezi pa fetereza

Zimawululidwa kuti pakukula kuchokera ku 1 hekita 300 magulu a anyezi, ndiwo zamasamba zimadya m'nthaka:

• 75 kg ya potaziyamu;
• 81 makilogalamu a nayitrogeni;
• 48 makilogalamu a laimu;
• 39 kg ya phosphoric acid.

• 25-30% phosphorous;
• 45-50% potaziyamu;
• 100% ya nayitrogeni.

Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti phosphorous imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana nthawi yonse yosamba, nayitrogeni - makamaka nyengo yoyamba ikukula, ndi potaziyamu - yachiwiri. Funso la momwe manyowa angapangidwire limapangidwa motengera mtundu wa feteleza, nthaka, ulimi waulimi, ndi zina zotero.

Zaphunziridwa kuti phosphate ndi potashi feteleza zimathandizira kwambiri kucha kwa masamba, mababu amakhala wandiweyani ndi aakulu, ndipo amasungidwa bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati manyowa atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi mlingo wa feteleza mchere, izi zimachepetsa mbewu. Kuchita bwino kudyetsa anyezi pamutu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi kuwala.

Kalendala ya anyezi yodyetsa, nthawi zingati kuti manyowa anyezike pamutu

Okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe sayenera kungodziwa kuti feteleza amafunika chiyani kuti adye anyezi, komanso osakayikira nthawi yomwe akugwiritsira ntchito. Taganizirani nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse anyezi mutabzala:

• Nthawi yoyamba yongolingalira za mapangidwe a zamasamba (nthenda yamchere);
• kachiwiri, kutsimikiziridwa kumasinthidwa pang'ono pokha kupangidwa kwa turnips (potash phosphate feteleza);
• Kwa nthawi yachitatu, chidwi chonse chimayang'ana kupanga ndi kukula kwa babu (mineral feteleza ndi phosphorous).

Choyamba kudya

Mukayamba kudya muyenera kusankha kudyetsa anyezi mutamera.

Akatswiri amalangiza milungu iwiri mutabzala masamba sitimadzipereka mu 10 malita a madzi 40 g wa superphosphate, 30 g wa saltpeter, 20 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Madzi amenewa amalowa m'nthaka pansi pa masamba.

Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi: 2 tbsp. l supuni za mankhwala "Masamba" ndi 1 tbsp. l Urea anatsanulira mu chidebe cha madzi. Chosakanizacho chimatsitsiranso bedi la munda. Chidebe chimodzi cha njira yothetsera zakudya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 5 mita mamita. m nthaka. Njira yabwino yopangira feteleza ikhoza kukhala yankho la manyowa. Galasi imodzi ya manyowa imatengedwa kwa malita 10 a madzi.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthaka pansi pa anyezi imakula, ndipo nthenga zake zimakhala zobiriwira ndipo zimakula mofulumira, ndiye kudya kumeneku sikungatheke.

Kudyetsa kachiwiri

Pachigawo chachiwiri, adasankhidwa momwe angadyetse anyezi kuti akhale aakulu.

Kudyetsa kumeneku kumachitika masiku 30 mutabzala mbewu ndipo masiku 15-16 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Nthawiyi, 60 magalamu a superphosphate, 30 magalamu a sodium kloride, ndi 30 magalamu a saltpeter akuwonjezeka 10 malita a madzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kungasinthidwe ndi njira yothetsera mankhwala "Agricol-2". Mu chidebe cha madzi kutsanulira 1 chikho cha chinthucho. Pazitali 2. Mitunda 10 malita a michere imakhala yokwanira. Pofuna kudyetsa anyezi kumapeto kwa mutu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Njira yabwino ikanakhala kuphika mankhwala a zitsamba. Kwa ichi, namsongole amatsatiridwa masiku atatu m'madzi ndi pansi pa osindikiza. Galasi la madzi otere ndilokwanira kwa chidebe cha madzi.

Kuvala katatu

Kudyetsa anyezi mumasika kumatha pamene babu imakula mpaka masentimita 4. Kwa mamita asanu ndi limodzi. M nthaka iyenera kuwonjezeredwa 30 g wa potassium chloride, 60 g wa superphosphate utasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi.

Njirayi ingasinthidwe ndi "Effecton-O" ndi superphosphate. Mu malita 10 a madzi kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l superphosphate ndi 2 tbsp. l zinthu. Kudyetsa anyezi ndi phulusa kudzaza chikhalidwe ndi zofunika organic zinthu. Kuchita izi, 250 g wa phulusa amatsanulira ndi madzi otentha (10 l) ndipo amaloledwa kupereka kwa masiku 3-4.

Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza zitsimikiziranso kuti sizingagwe pa masamba a masamba.

Kodi kupeza zokolola zochuluka anyezi, organic kuvala

Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amadabwa ngati anyezi monga manyowa ndi feteleza ena (feteleza, ndowe, etc.)?

Mitundu ya organic imapangitsa nthaka kupanga pansi pa uta, kulemeretsa ndi zakudya. Chotsatira chake, dziko lapansi liri bwino lodzaza ndi mpweya ndi mpweya. Kuonjezera apo, kuyambitsidwa kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumathandiza kuti anthu azikonda kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mchere. Komabe, pamene apangidwa molingana ndi chiganizo chofotokozedwa pamwambapa muyenera kuganizira kuti:

• Sizowonjezera kuti mugwiritse ntchito manyowa atsopano, osasinthidwa, chifukwa izi zingawononge matenda a anyezi ndi kuchepetsa mapangidwe a mitu;
• pamodzi ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhala zochepa, mbewu yamsongole imatha kulowa m'munda, yomwe iyenera kutayidwa pambuyo pake;
• Pogwiritsa ntchito mlingo waukulu kwambiri wa organic fertilizer, mphamvu zonse za zomera zidzapita ku kukula kwa zomera, kotero mababu sangakhale okhwima.

Mafuta anyezi amamera ndi mankhwala ochepa

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza pofuna kudyetsa anyezi muyenera kukumbukira:

• Zaletsedwa kuti zitha kuchepetsa feteleza zamadzimadzi muzogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu azidya chakudya;
• musayambe mlingo wokwanira woperekedwa ndi wopanga;
• Ngati mcherewo uli pa nthenga zobiriwira, ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi kuchokera mu phula;
• musanayambe kuthira madzi ndi mchere, ndibwino kuti muzitsuka pang'ono pansi pa zomera;
• Ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu (phosphorous, nitrogen, potaziyamu) sichikusowa, feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi izo, mwinamwake ziwalo zina sizigwira ntchito;
• Chifukwa cha dothi la mchenga, kuchuluka kwa kuvala kuyenera kuwonjezeka, koma vutoli liyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ngati padziko lapansi pali dothi, ndibwino kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo kuwonjezeke;
• pogwiritsira ntchito mchere ndi feteleza, nthawi yoyamba iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 1/3.

Mukudziwa? Pamene perekormke mchere feteleza mu mababu a zomera, nitrates akhoza kudziunjikira.

Kodi kudyetsa anyezi osakaniza feteleza

Manyowa anyezi akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zonse zamchere ndi zinthu zakuda. Pankhaniyi, kudyetsa kumachitika motere:

• Choyamba ndi kuwonjezera madzi (malita 10) ndi kuwonjezera urea (1 tbsp l.) ndi slurry (250 ml);
• yachiwiri ikukonzekera chisakanizo cha 2 tbsp. l nitrophosphate ndi 10 malita a madzi;
• lachitatu limaphatikizapo kuwonjezera njira yothirira madzi m'nthaka: onjezerani 1 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu ku chidebe chimodzi ndi 20 g wa superphosphate.

Zomwe zimadyetsa anyezi

Musanayambe anyezi pamutu, m'pofunika kuganizira nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Njira yabwino ikanakhala kuvala mvula yamtambo komanso yopanda mphepo, madzulo. Koma ngati mvula imagwa, feteleza amchere amawonekera pamtunda wa 8-10 masentimita kuchokera mu mzere wa anyezi, pafupi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 5-10.

Nyengo isanayambe, mlimi aliyense ayenera kuganizira za momwe angapangire anyezi. Zokolola zabwino zikhoza kupereka chakudya cha anyezi ndi kukonzekera kukonzekera ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.