Mitengo yambiri yosakanikirana ya maluwa a banja la lily ndi kukongola kodabwitsa ndi maluwa osiyana ndi mawonekedwe osiyana sizingatheke kuti aliyense asamvetse. Mitambo imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kasupe, mwatsopano ndi Tsiku la Azimayi Padziko Lonse, ndipo ma tulips oyera amachititsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale choyera komanso chachilendo. Tiyeni tifufuze bwinobwino za tilipu zoyera ndi zomwe zingabweretse kumunda wanu.
Kodi tlips woyera ndi chiyani?
Mitundu yonse ya tulips imagawidwa m'magulu anayi: maluwa oyambirira, maluwa apakati, maluwa ochedwa komanso mwapadera. Pakati pa makalasi khumi ndi asanu omwe alipo, maluwa ambirimbiri a gulu la Triumph ali osiyana kwambiri, omwe ali otchuka kwambiri, omwe amakhala amitundu yakale, amitundu yobiriwira ndi ena. 
Ma tulips oyera amakhala ndi mithunzi yambiri: kuchokera ku chipale chofewa chofewa ndi mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wosudzulana m'munsi kapena m'mphepete pamphepete mwa masamba - chikasu, pinki, zobiriwira, ndi zina zotero.
Mukudziwa? Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri a ku Seljuk ankaganiza kuti maluwa amenewa ndi amodzi mwa zizindikiro zawo, ndipo ku Ulaya iwo anabzala m'zaka za m'ma 1600 okha.
Mafotokozedwe ndi mayina a ma tulips otchuka kwambiri
Mitundu yayikulu ya ma tulips amadziwika lero: oyambirira ndi mochedwa, akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, achikale ndi amitundu yambiri ... Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zina mwazofala kwambiri.
"Antarctica"
Zosiyanazi ndizopadziko lonse lapansi. Ndibwino kuti dziko likhale lokonzekera, ndi kukakamiza ndi kudula. Chipale chofewa "Antarctica" ndichimake chokhazikika cha kalasi ya Triumph ndipo chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a chigoba chachikopa (kutalika kwake kwa galasi kumakhala masentimita 7, kukula kwake kumakhala masentimita 5). Kutalika kwa zomera - kuyambira 40 cm mpaka 60 masentimita, nyengo yamaluwa ikugwa mu April-May. Pamalo otseguka, maluwa amakhala ndi chikasu kubwerera. Maluwa amenewa amachulukira bwino ndipo amafunidwa pamene amapanga bouquets, makamaka kwa atsikana aang'ono. 
"Wopusa"
Duwa la zosiyanasiyana ndi lalikulu, loyera, ndi galasi (7-9 masentimita), kukhala ndi nsapato yopanda singano pamphepete mwa maluwawo. Kutalika kwa zomera - kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 masentimita. Nthawi ya maluwa ndi May. Zikuwoneka bwino pa flowerbed, kupanga chithunzi cha mtambo wophimba kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukakamiza ndi kudula. 
"Mzera Wachizungu"
Kukongola kaso maluwa a kalasi yopambana, makamaka okondedwa ndi florists chifukwa cha kukongola kwake ndi chipiriro. "Dynasty White" ili ndi galasi yoyera (kutalika - mpaka masentimita 8, m'lifupi - mpaka 6 cm) ndi phesi lakuda kwambiri. Kutalika kwa zomera - mpaka 65 masentimita, kutchire - kawirikawiri pafupifupi masentimita 40. Maluwa - April-May (kuyambira masiku khumi mpaka masabata awiri). 
"Mtima Woyera"
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi za tchire zakuda zakuda ndipo zimakhala zobiriwira zaplorescence. Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala masentimita 45, kuphulika mu April. Amakongoletsa bwino maluwa a maluwa m'munda, komanso amatha kudula. 
"Agrass White"
Ndi maluwa akuluakulu a kalasi ya Triumph: kamangidwe kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kakang'ono, kamene kamapanga kufanana ndi lilianseltnymi tulips. Mitundu - yoyera ndi yofiira, yomwe imakhala ndi mzere wobiriwira kumbuyo kwa petal. Kutalika kwa galasi ndi 6-10 masentimita, kutalika kwa masentimita 5. Kutalika kwa chomeracho ndi 50-60 masentimita. Zimapanga bwino kwambiri ndipo zimapangitsa kuti azikakamiza. Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April-kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. 
"Alaska Star"
"Alaska Star" - kalasi ya sukulu ya Triumph yomwe ili yoyenera kudula. Duwa ndilolongoka, loyera, loyera, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 50. Limamera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April-kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. 
"Athleet"
Woimira wina wa kalasi ya Triumph, yemwe amakongoletsa mwangwiro bedi lililonse la maluwa ndipo ndibwino kuti adule. Maluwawo ndi ausinkhu wofiira, woyera, mtundu wa tsinde ndi 45 masentimita. Monga mamembala onse a gulu la maluwa, amamera kumapeto kwa April-May oyambirira.
Kodi tilipu zoyera zimakula bwanji?
Ma tulips oyera si osiyana ndi anzawo omwe amawakonda kapena akusowa chisamaliro chapadera. Zoposa zonse, zimakula bwino ndipo zimatetezedwa ku malo amphepo.
Zosowa za nthaka
Dothi lokula tulips liyenera kukhala lopanda lonyowa, lotayirira ndi lachonde, losalowerera kapena lamchere. Dothi la acid ndi losafunika chifukwa chodzala tulips ndikufuna liming. Kutsika kwake kwazomwe kumakhala kwa masentimita 35. Mchenga kapena udothi wolemera wa dothi, komanso dothi lokhala ndi madzi apamwamba, si oyenera ma bedi. 
Miyezi ingapo musanadze nthaka muyenera kukonzekera:
- kukumba;
- gwiritsani ntchito feteleza: manyowa ovunda (4-7 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi) kapena kompositi (3-5 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi);
- kumasula ndi kusinthana.
Mlungu umodzi musanadzalemo, malo ogona maluwa ayenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi feteleza (nayitrogeni, phosphate ndi potashi - 30 g, 60 g ndi 40 g pa mita imodzi, motero).
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kufesa tulips m'malo awo akale kapena malo omwe zomera zina zimakula mzaka 4-5 zapitazo, popeza ali ndi matenda wamba ndi tizirombo. Pofuna kukonza bedi pabwalo lakale pasanakhale nthawiyi, nkofunika kuti mutenge nthaka.
Kusankha kwauni
Malo abwino kwambiri okhala pabedi la maluwa ndi tulips adzakhala chidebe chodziwika dzuwa, bwino kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Kuwala kwachilengedwe kowala kumathandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, zimayambira za tulips zidzakhala zosalala, maluwa adzakhala aakulu, ndipo nyengo ya maluwa idzakhala yaitali. M'madera odyera okha kubzala kwa mitundu yochedwa maluwa imaloledwa, chifukwa izi zingakhale ndi phindu pa nthawi ya maluwa awo.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire ma tulips akatha, komanso momwe mungayamire.
Kutentha kwabwino
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tuzips tizimva bwino pamtunda wa mpweya - osapitirira 80%. Mkulu chinyezi chimaopseza maluwa amenewa ndi matenda ambiri (kukopa, imvi zowola, masamba ofooka). Ponena za chinyezi cha nthaka, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa nthaka itatha, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka sikudzawapindulitsanso ngati kuyanika kolimba. 
Makhalidwe ndi malamulo oyambirira a kukhazikika
Kubzala tulips kungakhale yophukira kapena kasupe. Kuti tipeze maluwa oyambirira komanso aatali, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze mababu a m'dzinja - kumapeto kwa September-zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa October. Komabe, ndondomeko yabwino yodziwira nthawi yoyendetsera nthawi ndiyo kutentha kwa dothi tsiku lililonse, kuyeza mozama pafupifupi masentimita 15. Khola lokhazikika la +10 ° C limasonyeza kuti nthawi yoyenera yafika.
Werengani komanso mutabzala tulips - kugwa kapena kasupe.Kutentha kwakukulu ndi +7 ° C, koma sikoyenera kuyembekezera mlingo uwu, chifukwa babu ikuyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yozuzira chisanu choyamba chisanu, chomwe chimatenga masabata atatu kapena anayi. Pofuna kubzala, muyenera kusankha chinthu chabwino chodzala, ndiko kuti, mababu akuluakulu komanso abwino kwambiri, omwe ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yochepa ya mankhwala a potassium permanganate kapena antitifungal. Nthaka imayenera kukumba pasadakhale komanso kuthira manyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Chomera chabwino chingapezeke mwa kuswa maluwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa (kuchepetsa zomera).Choyamba, mitundu yoyamba maluwa imabzalidwa, patapita sabata kapena awiri - mochedwa maluwa. Kuzama kokwanira kubzala ndi mapamwamba atatu a anyezi, omwe ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Pa nthaka yolemera, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita angapo osachepera. Kawirikawiri mababu amabzalidwa payekha ndi nthawi ya 8-10 masentimita kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uli pafupi 20-25 masentimita.
Kukula kwa babu kumakhudza madera omwe akusowa zakudya: zazikulu zimabzalidwa mobwerezabwereza, zing'onozing'ono zimayandikana kwambiri. Mababu ochepa kwambiri amatha kufesedwa m'mitsempha. Tikulimbikitsanso kuti mchenga ukhale wolemera masentimita awiri pansi pa mzere, makamaka pa dothi lolemera.Ndikofunikira! Ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu, chiwembu ndi tulips kusunga ndi kuwonjezera kukongoletsa ndi zokolola ndi zofunika kuti mulch ndi peat, kompositi, masamba owuma, kapena udzu, womwe uyenera kuchotsedwa m'chaka.
Video: Kudyetsa kokwanira kwa tulips
Kusamalira Flower
Chisamaliro cha Tulip chimayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo chimaphatikizapo:
- kuyendera zomera;
- kuchotseratu mabala ndi matenda osatambasula pamodzi ndi clod ya padziko lapansi;
- Kupalira ndi kusamalira udzu;
- kumveka pamwamba ndi feteleza;
- kumasula nthaka;
- kuthirira;
- kuwononga tizilombo.
Pofuna kutsindika kukongola kwa tulips mu flowerbed, maluwa amenewa amabzalidwa pafupi - muscari, hyacinths, daffodils, daisies, viols, oiwala-ine-nots, anemones ndi maluwa.
Kusamba malamulo
Kukhala ndi chinyezi champhamvu kuti kukula ndi kufalikira kwa tulips n'kofunika kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ayenera kuthiriridwa ngati dothi limauma, monga chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse mababu kuti avunda. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti zomera izi zimawuma. Pafupifupi, madzi okwana pafupifupi 20 ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mita imodzi ya flowerbed. Simungakhoze kuthirira maluwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku payipi, monga ndege yamphamvu ingasokoneze zomera. 
Anakumana wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kupanga osaya grooves pafupi ndi maluwa mabedi, kudzera kuti kuthirira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusungunula nthaka bwino popanda kusokoneza mitundu. Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka ayenera kumasulidwa pang'ono ndi udzu wamsongole. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yamaluwa, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa.
Kudulira
Pamene nyengo yamaluwa imatha, ndi bwino kuchotsa zitsamba zonse zakugwa kuti zisawonongeke mizu, ndi kudula mapesi a maluwa osweka ndi masamba. Maganizo ochepetsa ndi kukumba mababu akhoza kusiyana, koma pafupipafupi ali masabata awiri mpaka 4 pambuyo pa maluwa. Mitengo yokhayokha yokhayokha imayenera kudulidwa, chifukwa kudulira koyambirira kumatha kuwononga mababu, omwe, pambuyo pa maluwawo, amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri.
Mtengo wa tulip - wosazolowereka komanso wokongola kwambiri.Kuti asawononge mababu pamene akumba, m'pofunika kuyika malo omwe alipo panthawi yodulira. Zosungunuka zowonongeka zimayenera kukumba - ndi mabala a bulauni pa masikelo ndi kupanga mizu. Pambuyo kukumba, iyenera kuumitsidwa padzuwa ndikusungidwa musanadzalemo m'malo amdima, otentha pamtunda wa +17 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, tulips anawonekera chifukwa cha Peter I, ndipo adayambitsa kampani yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi mababu a maluwa amenewa kuchokera ku Holland.
Video: momwe mungayendetse bwino bwino maluwa
Kupaka pamwamba
Mitengo imalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa katatu: kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawi yamaluwa komanso nthawi zonse. Kusankha feteleza - organic kapena mineral - zimadalira zosangalatsa za aliyense wamaluwa. Ngati tikukamba za feteleza zamchere, ndiye kuti feteleza azitsulo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika; m'chiwiri - phosphoric ndi potashi; lachitatu - potashi. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuganizira mtundu wa dothi: dothi lolemera limafuna kuchulukitsa mlingo wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi kuchepa kwa mlingo wa phosphate feteleza, ndi nthaka yochepa - mosiyana. 
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zakuthupi pakulima tulips kumaloledwa, komabe n'kofunika kukumbukira kuti manyowa atsopano angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa flowerbed pasanathe chaka chimodzi musanadzalemo maluwa, popeza kuti nayitrogeni yochulukirapo imakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pamkhalidwe wa zomera. Manyowa ndi manyowa sangapweteke maluwa. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mukhoza kupanga bedi ndi phulusa. Choncho, mababu adzalandira chakudya chokwanira pa chitukuko chawo. Mabedi ochulukitsa feteleza sali oyenera, chifukwa kudyetsa kwambiri kumakhudza kwambiri vuto la mababu, zomwe zikhoza kukhala zowonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Tulips amafunika feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ammonium nitrate, urea ndi potaziyamu.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Ma tulips oyera angadwale matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana komanso osatulutsidwa, komanso tizirombo. Mavuto a nthaka-nyengo ndi agrotechnical zikhoza kuchititsa maonekedwe awo, kuphatikizapo: kutsika kapena kutentha kwa nthaka pamene mukudzala kapena kukumba, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kayendedwe ka nthawi yaitali, yosungirako zosayenera, ndi zina zotero.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziŵa mitundu ya tulips.Matenda ambiri a tulips ndi: kuvunda kwa imvi ndi sclerotsial, typholes, fusarium, penicillosis, variegation ndi August matenda, komanso mizu ndi bakiteriya zowola mababu, kuchepa kochedwa ndi dzimbiri. Pofuna kuteteza mababu a maluwa kuchokera ku matenda omwe angakhalepo, n'zotheka kuchita chithandizo ndi antibacterial ndi antitifungal agents (Bordeaux madzi, "Chom") musanabzala.
Bordeaux madzimadzi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa tulips ndi mizu ya onion mite, fosholo ya violet, anyezi anyezi, Maybike, ndi chimbalangondo chodziwika, ntchentche zamphongo ndi mpunga. Kuperekera pa nthawi yake, kumasula nthaka ndi kupopera mbeu ndi njira zabwino ("Fundazol", "Karbofos") zimathandiza tizilombo bwino.Mukudziwa? Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, chakudya cha ku Netherlands chinali chitatsekedwa ndipo anthu ambiri a ku Dutch anapulumutsidwa ku njala pogwiritsa ntchito mababu a tulip, omwe ankaphika ndi kudya.Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za matenda kapena tizilombo toononga m'matope oyera, muyenera kutsatira njira zothandizira:
- sankhani malo abwino;
- onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekera ntchito ndi nthaka musanadzalemo;
- Nthawi yoyenera kupanga organic ndi mineral feteleza kufunikira;
- onetsetsani zokolola za mbeu - kubzala tulips pamalo amodzi osati kale kuposa pambuyo pa zaka 4;
- mosamala musankhe zakuthupi zowyala;
- pamene mutabzala mababu kuti muzitsatira malamulo okhudza kuya kwake ndi kuwerengeka kwake;
- sungani malo abwino pa bedi lamaluwa;
- nthawi yoyeretsa ndi kuyanika mababu panja kapena m'chipinda chowotcha mpweya;
- onetsetsani chidebe kuti muzisunga mababu ndi zida zodula;
- kuchotsa kwathunthu ndi kuwononga zomera za matenda: kuchokera ku mizu kupita masamba ndi maluwa.
Momwe mungapangire bedi langwiro la maluwa: Malangizo pa kuphatikiza kolondola
Mlimi aliyense ali mwa njira ina wojambula ndi mabala ambiri a maluwa omwe amapangidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe amachitira. Komabe, pali zothandiza zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira musanadzale tulips kuti mupeze zokongola zokongola.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito bedi la maluwa, m'pofunika kuganizira nthawi ya maluwa osiyanasiyana.
- Posankha malo oti mubzalidwe ayenera kumvetsera kutalika kwa zomera. Mitengo yapamwamba imalimbikitsidwa kuti idzafesedwe pakati pa bedi kapena pamphepete mwake, kuti asatseke maluwa ena.
- Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ayenera kubzalidwa m'mphepete mwa mabedi a maluwa - kotero maonekedwe akuwoneka bwino.
- Ndikofunika kulingalira chidziwitso chachitsulo cha mtundu uliwonse kuti tipeze kuchulukitsitsa kwa kubzala kwa babu.
- Mukamadzala tulips woyera pafupi ndi wofiira chaka chotsatira mungapeze ma tulips oyera ndi mitsempha yofiira.
- Mu maonekedwe a matayala a kuwala (mwachitsanzo, pinki) chikopa choyera chidzakhala chogwirizanitsa, ndipo zolemba ndi mitundu yowala (lalanje, zofiira, zofiirira) zidzatsindika kuwonetsera kwawo.
Poganizira malingaliro onsewa ndi malangizidwe, mukhoza kupanga bedi lamaluwa labwino kwambiri, wokondweretsa aliyense wokongola kwake, komanso kusamalira bwino zomera izi, simungakhoze kupulumutsa mababu kuti mubwerere mtsogolo, komanso kuonjezera chiwerengero chawo.
