Chomera chosatha cha malisikiliki amtundu wa Succulents, banja la Aiza, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mwala wamoyo. Amamera m'mipululu ya Africa (South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Chile). Osonkhanitsa amachikonda chifukwa cha mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe apadera pamasamba.
Liwu loti "Lithops" ndi lochokera ku Chigriki ndipo limamasulira kuti "mawonekedwe a mwala." Mtengowo udayambitsidwa ku Europe ndi wofufuza zamankhwala a John William Burchel. Adakumana ndi malo odyera pa Cape of Good Hope ndipo adawafotokozera m'ndondomeko yake pa geography, yomwe idafalitsidwa mu 1815.
Kufotokozera kwa mashopu
Pamwamba panthaka, mbewuyo imawoneka ngati masamba awiri osalala, opindika, ndi masamba opatukana ndi poyambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo ofanana ndi miyala yaying'ono kapena miyala yamiyala yam'nyanja. Malingaliro anaphunzira kutengera utoto ndi utoto wa dothi, kutengera utoto kuchokera kubiriu wobiriwira kupita pamtambo, kuchokera beige mpaka bulauni.
- Chomera chaching'ono ichi chimakula mpaka 5cm kutalika kosaposa masentimita 4. Palibe tsinde mu lithops.
- Masamba ndi ochepa kukula, ali ndi mawonekedwe kuzungulira mbali, pamwamba pa mawonekedwe. Kutalika ndi kupingasa kwake kuli kofanana - mpaka masentimita 5. Mphukira zatsopano ndi muvi wopatsa maluwa zimamera kuchokera pakatipa pakati pa masamba akale.
- Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 2.5-3 amafanana ndi daisies oyera ndi achikaso, mumtundu wina wa utoto wamalalanje (ofiira owoneka ngati ofiira). Ena ali ndi fungo lotchulidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, masamba amatsegulidwa masana. Maluwa amatenga kupitirira sabata limodzi.
- Mizu yazomera imapangidwa bwino kwambiri, kangapo kuposa kukula kwa mlengalenga. Ndi chilala chachikulu, mizu yake imakoka masamba mu dothi, potero nkupulumutsa iwo ndi kufa.
Mitundu yotchuka ya zovala
Ponseponse, mitundu 37 ya zovala zophweka inalembedwa ndikufotokozedwa. Koma mbewu zotere sizimawoneka kogulitsa.
Kutchuka kwambiri:
| Mutu | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Wobiriwira maolivi | Mtundu wa Malachite wokhala ndi madontho owala pamphepete. Wosindikizidwa pafupifupi kutalika konse, ndi awiri awiri cm. | Wachikasu |
| Zosankha | Olekanitsidwa pafupifupi kuchokera pansi, pang'ono pang'ono m'mwamba. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira bwino, imvi. Pali anthu amtundu wofiirira. | Choyera, chokhala ndi zonona. |
| Aucamp | Mdima, wobiriwira, wonyezimira pamaso. 3-4 masentimita. | Chikasu, chokulirapo, mpaka 4 cm. |
| Leslie | Ocheperako, osakweza kuposa 2 cm. Wobiriwira wonyezimira, wakuda kuchokera kumtunda, wamtambo. | Zoyera, zonunkhira bwino. |
| Marble | Grey, wokhala ndi mtundu kusintha kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba kuchokera pakuwala mpaka kumdima. Amakulira m'mwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale ngati mtima wake. | M'mimba mwake, yokulirapo kuposa masamba (5 cm). Mtundu wamchenga. |
| Chibrish | Tselindrovidnye, wothinikizidwa kumtunda. Mthunzi wa bulauni wokhala ndi bulauni, pafupifupi chokoleti ndi madontho ofiira komanso mikwingwirima. | Chikasu chaching'ono chachikasu. |
| Volka | Amakhala ngati amalira, amakhala ndi yoyera. Kupaka utoto kuchokera ku buluu mpaka imvi. Pamwamba pake pali madontho. Bwatowoli ndilosaya, logawaniza masamba kukhala obisika. | Wagolide |
| Pintle | Brown ndi tint wofiira wofiyira. Onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, amafanana nyemba za khofi. | Zina zabwino kwambiri komanso zazikulu. Kukula kwawo ndi mainchesi 4 cm. Mtundu umasinthika kuchokera kuyera pakatikati kukhala pinki pakati ndi kufiyira kofiyira m'mphepete. |
| Zokongola | Matani obiriwira ndi maluwa onunkhira. Okulungidwa, osiyanitsidwa bwino, aliyense payekha amafanana ndi dontho, ndipo, wolumikizidwa awiriawiri, amawoneka ngati mtima wosweka. | Choyera ndi pakati chikasu pakati, pachimake mu Seputembala, kuphatikiza fungo labwino. |
Mpaka pano, asayansi apeza ndi kufotokoza mitundu yatsopano ya ma mashopu. Chifukwa chake, chomaliza, Lithops amicorum zidawonekera mu 2005.
Zinyalala kuthengo
Pansi pazachilengedwe, moyo ndi chitukuko cha izi zimadalira nyengo, i.e. nyengo za chilala ndi mvula:
- M'chilimwe, m'nthawi yadzuwa ndi maola ambiri masana, mbewuyo imapuma.
- Mvula ikagwa nthawi yophukira, maliseche amakula mwachangu, naponya muvi ndi mtengo, umafota, ndikupanga chipatso.
- M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi ya masana itayandikira, awiri atsopano amayamba kukhazikitsidwa ndi masamba akale. Imawadyetsa ndikukula ndikuwononga iwo omwe ali pamtunda, pang'onopang'ono kuwapukuta ndi kuwonda.
- Mu nthawi yamasika, nyengo yamvula imayambanso, masamba akale amaphulika, ndikupereka njira zatsopano. Awo, nawonso amadzaza ndi chinyezi, amakulitsa kuchuluka kwake ngati tsamba lakale.
Zingwe zokhala m'malo awo zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kutentha ndi kuphatikizika kwa khungu, ndiye kuti kuyatsa. Zinthu izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamamera mbewu zamkati.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kusiyana pakati pa masamba atsopano aliwonse ndi kofanana ndi kakale. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa awiri, mapepala anayi amatha kuwoneka ndikuwala, osakanizidwa awiriawiri. Poterepa, mizu yawo idzakhala yofala. Chifukwa chake pazaka, gulu la ma lithops limakula. Amawoneka ngati mbewu zodziyimira pawokha, koma okhala ndi mizu yofanana.
Litchi amasamalira kunyumba
Zitsulo zophunzirira kupulumuka pomwe mbewu wamba sizimafa. Amakula bwino komanso amatulutsa maluwa mosamala kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo.
Kuthirira
Madzi okwanira supuni 3-4 zamadzi. Iyenera kugawidwa koyenera m'mphepete mwa poto ndikugwiritsira ntchito popukuta poto. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kugwera pamasamba ndipo, kuwonjezera, kumalowa.
Kuchuluka kuthirira kupita kwina, dothi liyenera kuti liume kwathunthu. Ndipo chakuti mbewuyo ikufunika chinyezi, idzauza masamba pang'ono masamba.
Malo ambiri ophikira amawopa kusefukira. Masamba adapangidwa kuti azitha kukhala ndi chinyezi ndipo amatha kuwola ngati atathiriridwa kwambiri. Kusunga zoterezi ndizosatheka.
Mphika, dothi, ngalande
Kuti mupeze bwino mizu yamphamvu, muyenera mphika wakuya kwambiri, pansi pomwe pansi pake pamaikidwapo. Popewa kuwuma panthaka, miyala ya miyala kapena miyala yokongoletsera ikhoza kuyikidwa mchidebe. Dothi ndilofanana ndi cacti: opepuka komanso wopumira.
Malo, kuyatsa
Monga othandizira onse, amakonda malo owala. Amakula bwino ndikukula pazenera la kumwera kapena kum'mawa. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha.
Ndikofunikira kuti ma malhopu ali pamalo amodzi, sangasunthidwe, atembenuza, chifukwa izi zimatha kudwala. Osalekerera kukonzekera komanso kutenthedwa kwambiri nyengo yachisanu.
Feteleza, kukonza
Feteleza safuna. Koma amakonda kubwezeretsanso dothi komanso kupitilira zina zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chaka chilichonse, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba ndi nthaka pansi pawo zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Actara, Spark, etc.). Mankhwalawa ndi oopsa.
Zochitika Zosamalira Nyengo
| Nyengo | Zochitika | Kuthirira |
| Chilimwe | Nthawi yopumula. | Kutha. Ngati kuli kofunikira, ndiye kuti pamwamba pamtunda ndiye wothira. |
| Wagwa | Zomera zikuwuka. | Zochulukirapo koma zosafunikira kwenikweni. Muvi wamaluwa umawonekera pakati pa masamba. Limaluwa. |
| Zima | Kukula kukuchepa. | Imani. Masamba akuluakulu amayamba kuuma. Kutentha mchipindacho kumachepetsedwa kukhala 10 + 12 ° C. |
| Kasupe | Masamba akale amafa ndipo m'malo mwake ndi atsopano. | Konzanso. |
Kubalana, kupatsirana
Kunyumba, ndikosavuta kukula malupu kuchokera kwa mbewu. Kubzala iwo ndi bwino kumayambiriro kasupe.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono okula mbewu
- Konzani pansi. Sakanizani peat, mchenga wamtsinje, dothi lamunda, dothi lophwanyika lofiira m'malo osiyanasiyana, calcine.
- M'bokosi lokhazikika ndi mbali zotsika, ikani nthaka, mulingo, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, pukutsani.
- Zilowani njere mu njira ya manganese kwa maola 6.
- Raw inafalikira pamtunda.
- Kudzaza ndi dothi laling'ono. Phimbani chivalacho ndi galasi kapena limbitsani ndi filimu yokakamira.
- Khazikitsani kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana kuchokera ku +10 ° C mpaka +20 ° C.
- Tsiku lililonse konzekerani mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi zingapo, tsegulani galasi, pukutani, ndikupukutirani nthaka ndi botolo la utsi.
- Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, pakatha masiku 6-8, mbewuzo zimamera ndipo mphukira zimawonekera.
- Yambani ndikusamala kuthilira kwenikweni, konzani mpweya wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, koma osachotsa kwathunthu pogona.
- Pambuyo miyezi 1.5, mbewu zikalengedwa ndikulimbikitsidwa, pezani mumiphika ya 2-3 zidutswa. Akamasankhidwa m'magulu, amakhala akhama kwambiri.
Zogulitsa maloko ziyenera kukhala pamene zimakula kwambiri. Chitani izi mosamala kuti muchepetse kukula komanso kuti musazutse mizu. Ndi bwino mumaphika opepuka kuti mizu yanu isapitirire.
Matenda ndi tizirombo touluka
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Mealybug | Masamba adakutidwa ndi chinsalu choyera, mawanga achikasu amawoneka. | Sambani ndi madzi a sopo, azichitira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Actara, Spark, etc.) |
| Muzu wa mphutsi | Mphepete mumphikayo amaphimbidwa ndi zokutira yoyera, mizu ndi imvi. | Thirani Mizu imatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha, ochiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mphika wa cache ukusinthidwa. |
| Ma nsabwe | Masamba, chotengera chophimbidwa ndi zomata zowonekera pang'onopang'ono, zofanana ndi shuga. Tizilombo touluka. | Pukutani ndi sopo yankho, wothira mafuta ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. |
Tinagula kamodzi, ndizosatheka kukhalabe opanda chidwi ndi chomera chodabwitsa ichi, chofanana ndi miyala yozizira, koma osungabe chipululu. Liteke limakhala losasangalatsa komanso lotseguka kwa aliyense, limayanja kusamalira ndipo chaka chilichonse limasangalatsa maluwa okoma komanso onunkhira bwino.
