Mankhwala a orchids ndi ovuta komanso osakanikirana, kotero sikophweka kubzala zinthu zofunikira pa nyumba yosavuta. Kawirikawiri, izi zimabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana a maluwa, omwe masabata angapo amatsogolera ku imfa yake. Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, muphunzire mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chake ma orchids ali ndi mizu yowuma, ndi zomwe mungachite pazochitika zotere komanso momwe mungapulumutsire chomera.
Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimawomba orchid zouma mizu
Mizu ya orchid imafota chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri; ngakhale kunyalanyaza zofunikira za mbeuyo kumadetsa chitetezo chake ndipo kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, mizu imeneyi ikugwira ntchito yovuta, chifukwa imagwirizana ndi nthaka ndi mpweya. 
Madzi ovuta
Ambiri okhala m'midzi yamakono amagwiritsa ntchito madzi opopera oyeretsa kuchokera pakati pa madzi omwe ali pakati pa zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri madzi oterewa amadzaza ndi mchere wambiri ndi salt. Ngakhale kwa anthu ndi zinyama, kuphatikiza kotere nthawi zambiri sikumayambitsa mavuto aakulu, zomera zambiri sizilekerera madzi oterowo.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwala a orchids amadziwika kuti ndiwo amodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri pa dziko lapansi, anawonekera mu nyengo ya Mesozoic, pafupifupi zaka 145 miliyoni zapitazo.
Madzi ovuta amachititsa kuti zinthu zimenezi zikhalepo m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti salinization isakwane. Nthaka yamchere yochuluka imakhala malo owopsa kwambiri omwe amawononga minofu ya maluwa, kuchititsa kusokoneza kosiyanasiyana. Patapita nthawi, izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa onse a maluwawo asafalikire. Zimakhala zovuta kuona kutseka kwa mphika, mizu ndi nthaka zimakhala ndi maluwa ofiira oyera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti dothi lithe.
Feteleza amawotcha
Kutentha kwa zonse zobiriwira ndi mizu si zachilendo ku floriculture. Pofuna kukhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso ochulukirapo, okonda zomera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphika waukulu wa feteleza. Komabe, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ntchito yofunikira ya zomera. Osangokhala ndi zakudya zokhazokha zokha, komanso mavitamini othawikitsa nthawi zonse amatha kuwononga zonsezi komanso mizu yonse. 
Pachifukwa ichi, gawoli lidzaza ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zowonjezera za kuwonongeka kwawo. Zimakhudza kwambiri matenda osakanikirana a thupi la mbeu, zomwe zimapangitsa mabala a bulauni pamatumbo a mizu. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa dothi kuti liwonongeke, lomwe limawononga zizindikiro zake za hydrological. Ndipo izi ndizofunkha zokhazokha za microclimate mu gawo lapansi.
Kutaya madzi
Kuthira kosasinthasintha ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka, pansi pa nthaka komanso pamwamba pa nthaka. Kawirikawiri, alimi amawathira orchid 1-2 pa sabata, ndikuwona kuti ndiyomweyi yabwino. Komabe, mtundu uliwonse ndi wosakanizana wa duwa umasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yake ya chinyezi, zomwe sizingathe koma zimakhudza kusowa kwake kwa chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa gawo lapansi pamene kukula kwa orchidi sikuyenera kusinthasintha. Amathiridwa madzi mwamsanga pambuyo poonekera pamwamba pa kuwala kouma peel.
Kusanyalanyaza izi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi ndi overmoistening, chifukwa mizu yake imafalikira. Pankhaniyi, vuto likhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi boma la mizu. Ngati pali zowonjezera zowonjezera, zimaphimbidwa ndi zokutira, koma ngati zosowa zimauma popanda mawonetseredwe ena. 
Kutsika kwa mpweya
Chizindikiro cha chinyezi mu malo a orchid chiri mkati mwa 50-60%, kunyalanyaza kwa chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti maluwawo awonongeke, komanso mbali zake. Popeza mtundu umenewu umatengedwa ngati wokonda chinyezi, ngakhalenso chilala chimasokoneza zomera, ndipo zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ŵerenganiponso za zomwe mungachite ngati madontho odothi amapezeka pa orchid.
Kawirikawiri ndi vutoli alimi olima maluwa amapezeka m'nyengo yozizira. Mankhwala ambiri otentha amawathandiza kuchepetsa chinyezi mu chipinda cha 20-30%, chomwe sichikhoza koma kumakhudza orchid. Pankhaniyi, kuwombera nthawi zambiri sikukugwirizana ndi mawonetseredwe ena ndipo kumakhala kosavuta mosavuta pamene chinyezi chikukwera kufika pamtunda.
Matenda opatsirana
Kawirikawiri kachilomboka kamakhala chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera cha chitsamba, kuphatikizapo kulephera kutsatira chikhalidwe chabwino cha ulimi wothirira. Panthawiyi, chitetezo cha mbeu chochepa chimacheperachepera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kuti awononge maluwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amachitidwa ndi bowa, omwe amaphatikizapo zizindikiro zosiyana (putrefactive mawanga, choyera, chofiirira kapena chakuda chakuda). 
Kuvulala kwa injini
Kuwopsa kwa mizu kawirikawiri kumayambitsa kuuma, koma vutoli silofala pakati pa oyamba kumene, koma alinso ndi olima maluwa. Kawirikawiri imachitika pambuyo pa kusamba kosadziwika kapena kosasamala. Ambiri akufulumira kusindikiza gawo lapansi posintha mphika, womwe ndi wosafunika kwambiri, kapena wosasamala za zomera. Kawirikawiri pali kuvulala pamene mphika umachokera pawindo sill; pakali pano, njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo, mwinamwake maluwa amwalira mu masiku 1-2 okha.
Momwe mungadziwire vuto
Kuzindikira kufota kwa muzu wa orchid kumakhala kosavuta. Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa ndizolepheretsa kukula kwa maluwa. Mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa amalumikizana naye, amafota, mapangidwe atsopano amafika pang'onopang'ono. Mtundu wobiriwira umathamangidwanso, masamba amayamba kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kuzindikira zizindikiro izi, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo sizikuwonetseratu bwino.
Phunzirani momwe mungapewere ndi kuchitira ma orchid matenda.
Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha kuyanika kwa muzu kungakhale kuwonjezeka mwakhama mu mizu ya mpweya. Kawirikawiri, orchid imakhala ndi mizu itatu yokha, choncho kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chawo kumayenera kumulangiza. Izi nthawi zonse zimasonyeza kuti mizu ya pansi pa nthaka imakhala yovuta kwambiri, kotero pofuna kuthetsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi ndi zinthu zina, maluwawo akufunikira kupanga mphukira yothandiza kwambiri pamwamba pa nthaka. 
Ndiponso, kukula kwa mizu yosaoneka bwino kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi kungasonyeze kuuma kwa mizu. Ngati zimamera mosiyana, kuphatikizapo pamwamba pa nthaka, ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha nthaka yovuta. Choncho amayesa kupeza gwero la madzi kapena mpweya. Pakapita nthawi, amatha kupukutira ndi kumira pang'ono, zomwe zimasonyeza imfa yosakanikizika ya mizu.
Njira zowonzanso orchid
Chinthu choyamba chimene chiyenera kuchitika ngati mwazindikira kuti kufota kwa mbewu ndiko kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Pokhapokha ngati zili choncho, ndizotheka kusankha njira yothetsera vutoli pofuna kuthetsa vutoli.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupeze chifukwa chake masambawo amatembenukira ku ma orchids.
Mothandizidwa ndi kuika mu gawo lachibadwa
Kuika kwa orchid mu gawo lapansi latsopano ndi imodzi mwa njira zowonongeka za kubwezeretsanso duwa. Ndizosasinthika ngati mizu ya zitsamba yayamba kutentha mankhwala, matenda, kapena zilonda zapadera. Komabe, maluwa amenewa ayenera kukhala okonzeka.
Pangani kukonzanso mankhwala motere:
- Dulani peduncle, ndiyeno masamba a chikasu a orchid.
- Chotsani chomeracho mu mphika, kuchiyika mu chidebe chakuya ndi madzi otentha kwa maola angapo.
- Tengani maluwa kuchokera m'madzi, mosamala mumveke mizu yake. Mbali zoyenera za mizu zidzasungunuka, kotero zimasiyidwa zofewa komanso zosauka kuchotsa.
- Pangani orchidyo ndi fungicide yovuta, chifukwa imayikidwa maola 6-8 mu njira ya Fitosporin (madontho 7 pa 200 ml).
- Poyambitsa maluwa, amathira madzi otentha kwa maola awiri tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mizu, kenako amatha kutentha kutentha.
- Pambuyo pa magawo 4-5 masentimita, orchid imaikidwa mu gawo lapansi latsopano.
Ngati mizu ingapo imakhalabe yolimba pa duwa, kuika izi kumachitika motere:
- Chotsani orchid mu mphika, ndikudula mizu ya peduncle ndi yowonongeka.
- Lembani chomeracho mu njira yothetsera succinic acid (1 g / l) kwa maola awiri, kenako nkuuma kutentha.
- Bzalani duwa mu gawo lapansi latsopano, potsata ndondomeko yoyenera ya ndende (mthunzi wa padera, kuthirira mozama, kutentha pafupifupi 20 ... + 25 ° C), zidzasungira bwino kwa masabata awiri okha.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati panthawi yosambitsira madzi mizu siimatha kutha, madzi amachitidwa tsiku lonse, ndi kupuma kwa 2-Maola 3
Ndi zotsegula madzi
Monga chiyeso chovomerezeka, kuchepetsa madzi kumayambika ngati pa ulimi wothirira ndi kuthirira, kupatulapo chizindikiro chachikulu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere kapena maluwa oyera amapezeka pazomera ndi nthaka. Komabe, madzi ofewa nthawi zambiri amathandiza kubwezeretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mnofu womwe uli pamwambapa pokhapokha ngati kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kumakhala kosawerengeka. Njira yosavuta yochepetsera madzi ndi yophweka ndipo ikufalikira.
Njirayi imapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala ambiri a carbonate, omwe amaimira ambiri mwa amchere omwe amasungunuka m'madzi. Chitani kutentha kwa mphindi 20-30. Nthawi yochepa yomwe imatha kudya ndi yophweka. Kuti tichite izi, madzi amathiridwa mu chidebe chachikulu ndipo amakhala otentha kutentha kwa tsiku, pafupi 2/3 lakumtunda kumatengera ulimi wothirira. 
Iwo amachepetsanso madzi ndi acidification. Pankhaniyi, imakhala yofanana ndi chinyezi chomwe chimagwa mumvula yamvula. Pofika pamapeto pake, citric acid, aspicic acid, kapena other acid carboxylic pang'onopang'ono amawonjezera madzi mpaka pH ya 6.5 ifika.
Feteleza
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi kumagwiritsira ntchito nthawi yodzikongoletsa pamwamba kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yobwezeretsa miyendo yotayika yomwe imawonongeke kuti iwonongeke. Kupaka zovala zapamwamba mothandizidwa ndi njira zowonjezeretsa mankhwala a phytohormonal zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyambitsa chilengedwe cha maselo atsopano zimatengedwa kukhala zogwira mtima kwambiri. Zomwe zingatheke kwambiri pazimenezi ndi njira yowonongeka ya acidic acid.
Mukudziwa? Ma Orchids akhoza kukhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mu chilengedwe ma hybrids amapezeka mu kukula kwake kuchokera masentimita pang'ono mpaka mamita makumi khumi.
Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku 1 l ya madzi oyera komanso 1 g ya succinic acid concentrate. Madzi amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madiresi, amatsanulira mumtsinje waung'ono kupita ku gawo lapansi mpaka chinyezi chimasulidwa ku mabowo. Chitani ndondomeko mmalo mwa kuthirira kwotsatira kuti mukhale ndi mizu ya oroting. Kuti zitsitsimutse mwamsanga, chomeracho chimawongolera njira yothetsera maola 2-2.5. 
Kupewa
Pofuna kupewa mizu ya orchid kuti isawume, izi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- pamene kuika ma orchidi kumafunika kusamalira kwambiri mphika. Mphika wabwino ayenera kukhala masentimita angapo kukula kwake kuposa mphamvu ya mizu;
- Pothirira kuthira ndikofunika kuyang'anira momwe nthaka ikuyendera, sikofunikira kuti musamatsitsirenso gawolo, komanso kuti muwume. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa madzi moyenera, osaposa 1-2 pa sabata;
- mosamala mosamala kutentha ndi chinyezi mu dera lokula maluwa (kutentha kuli pafupi + 18 ... + 25 ° С ndi chinyezi mu 50-60%);
- nthawi ndi nthawi amasintha maluwa zovuta fungicides;
- pamene chomera chikukula kuti mutenge mphikawo ndi gawo lapansi.
Pezani ngati orchid ikhoza kubwereranso ngati mizu yavunda.
Kuyanika mizu ya orchid ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri omwe amapezeka pakati pa ozindikira ndi oyambira maluwa. Vutoli limakhudza kwambiri maluwa, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa yake, choncho alimi onse ayenera kukhala ndi njira yokonzanso zomera, komanso kudziwa momwe angabwezeretse mizu yoonongeka.
