Kaloti - wamba, wodzichepetsa komanso wothandiza kwambiri chikhalidwe, chomwe chili m'munda aliyense. Komabe, kubzala ndi kukula kaloti kumakhala ndi makhalidwe ake, chifukwa mutha kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Chomwe chimakhudza kumera
Kwa nthawi yofesa sizinabweretse chisokonezo chosafunikira, wolima munda ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwino momwe zimayambira kumera kwa mbeu ndikupanga njira zina zogwirira ntchito. Kuyamera kumakhudza mwachindunji:
- khalidwe la mbewu;
- nyengo yozizira ndi chinyezi;
- Mtengo wa nthaka womwe umatengedwa kuti umere;
- kufesa kuya;
- kuthirira.
Mbewu yambewu
Ndi yosungirako bwino (pamalo ozizira ndi owuma), mbewu zimakhala zothandiza zaka 2-3. Koma ngakhale zitasungidwa bwino, munthu sayenera kuyembekezera kuti mbewu zonse zidzamera. Kawirikawiri, kumera kumakhala pakati pa 45 ndi 70 peresenti. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'pofunika kuganizira momwe zimakhalira mwamsanga - kaloti izi ndi pafupi masiku khumi.
Kuwonjezera pa kaloti, mizu ina imakula bwino kuchokera ku mbewu: turnips, parsnips, ndi beets.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zogulidwa, ndibwino kutenga zinthu za opanga otchuka kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ogulitsa: mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri mumakumana ndi osagulitsa.
Mtundu wa dothi lokula
Popeza ziphuphu zazing'ono zimatenga zinthu zambiri zofunikira kuti zikhale zokolola kuchokera ku malo omwe anabzalidwa, zinafunikira kuyikapo.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala:
- chomera - ndikofunikira kuti manyowa ndi kompositi ndi phulusa;
- zowopsya ndi zochepa kuti ziphuphu zikhazikitse njira yake, ndipo mizu inakula komanso yokongola;
- sangachite nawo mbali (mzuwo sumalekerera chilengedwe cha acidic);
- Osakhala poizoni (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena feteleza).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthaka ndi clayy ndi heavy - kukumba ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga kapena kuvunda kwa utuchi.
Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito primer yogula, funsani mlangizi yemwe ali woyenera kukula kaloti. Ngati mukukonzekera dothi lanu, chonde onani zomwe zili pamwambapa.Maganizo odzala kaloti: kusankha malo abwino odzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Alimi wamaluwa amafesa kaloti m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo mbewu imakolola pafupi masabata awiri kale. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira pofuna kupewa mbeu kumera. Komabe, ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, mbewu zimatha kufota komanso kusayima.
Mukadzala kaloti kumapeto kwa nyengo, mitundu yake iyenera kuganiziridwa: Kungakhale oyambirira (oyambirira), pakati ndi mochedwa. Zowonongeka mmunda zimabzalidwa malingana ndi nthawi ya kusasitsa.
Werengani komanso za mitundu yabwino ya kaloti ku Siberia ndi Moscow dera.
Kufesa mitundu yoyambirira
Mitengo yoyambirira idzafesedwe pamene kutentha masana sikugwa pansipa + 5 ° C. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati-mapeto a mwezi wa April.
Zakale ndi zam'kati
Mitengo yamakono ndi yochedwa, nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi May, nthawi zambiri, imatha kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa June. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali ndipo imasungidwa mpaka masika.
Mbewu yoyenera ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka kubzala
Kaloti ndi ovuta komanso amakula kwa nthawi yaitali. Pofuna kukonza njirayi, m'pofunika kulimbikira pang'ono kukonzekera mbewu ndi mabedi. Mmene mungabzalitse kaloti kuti mwamsanga zidzuka?
Mukudziwa? Zikuoneka kuti kaloti zinayamba kukula ku Afghanistan pafupifupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo: Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Kuti zomera zisapweteke ndipo zisamawonekere kuti ziwopsezedwe ndi tizirombo, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tizitsitsa mbeu mu potassium potanganum solution (potaziyamu permanganate). 
Pofesa kaloti, vuto lalikulu ndi lakuti mbewu zake ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo n'zovuta kuzifalitsa mofanana pabedi. Ngati simungagwiritse ntchito posagwirizana, m'pofunikanso kuchepetsa mphukira kuti mupeze zokolola zokongola komanso zochuluka. Pali njira zoposa khumi zofesa kaloti, mwachitsanzo:
- Amasakaniza mbeu ndi mchenga wouma (mtsuko wa 1-2 pa mbeu pa malita 7 a mchenga) ndipo amagona pabedi, ataphimbidwa ndi dothi lochokera kumwamba;
- Kufesa "pa nthiti": nthano zambewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagulitsidwa, koma mukhoza kuzipanga nokha pogwiritsa ntchito tepi pamapepala ndi phala. Tepi yomalizidwa idayikidwa pa kama ndipo idawazidwa ndi nthaka;
- Mbeu zouma: yabwino, ngakhale yosakhala yotsika mtengo, njira. Mbewu iliyonse ili mu peyala yapadera, yomwe ili ndi zinthu zonse ndi micelelo yofunika kuti ikule;
- Mukhoza kupanga phala pang'ono ndi kuwonjezera pa feteleza zovuta, kusakaniza ndi mbeu ndikugwiritsira ntchito mzerewu pogwiritsa ntchito sitiroko kapena botolo la pulasitiki ndi dzenje mu chivindikiro.
Kukonzekera mabedi
Lembani bedi la mamita 1 lonse ndi 5 kutalika. Pogwiritsa ntchito fosholo kapena chida china, pangani mapulaneti angapo masentimita 5-6, mtunda womwe uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 20. Musanadzalemo, mukhoza kutsuka bedi ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Mmene mungayendetsere njira yowera
Kuti kaloti ifike mwamsanga, bedi liyenera kukonzedwa bwino musanadzalemo. Kuti apange mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa microclimate, ndi bwino kuphimba bedi ndi polyethylene kapena zinthu zina zophimba. Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse kudzaonetsetsa kuti ikukula mofulumira komanso kukula bwino kwa mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale zothandiza za kaloti - zomwe zimadziwika bwino kuti nkhanza zake zimapangitsa kuti mavitamini A. ayambe kuwonjezereka.
Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yobzala kaloti?
Kusankha bwino anthu oyandikana nawo m'munda kumathandiza kulimbana ndi tizirombo, kumapangitsa kuti mchere uzikhala pansi, osapatula malo. Mukhoza kupanga chophimba chogwirizana cha kaloti, radishes ndi anyezi. The radish yakucha poyamba, ndipo malo kwa patsogolo kukula kwa karoti amachotsedwa, ndipo anyezi amachita mantha karoti ntchentche, ndi tizilombo sadzakhala pabedi. Komanso, karoti idzateteza anyezi ku ntchentche ya anyezi. Saladi, nandolo ndi phwetekere sizimasokoneza nazo. Koma katsabola ndi ambulera zina bwino kuzipewa. 
Kaloti ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zimenezo, zomwe zimafuna khama lalikulu pakufesa ndi kusamalira. Tikuyembekeza kuti nsonga zathu zidzakuthandizani kusamalira chisamaliro chothandiza ndi chokoma cha masamba.
