Mufakitale yamakina mini-talakita imakhala yofunikiranso, chifukwa imakhala yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo komanso yopindulitsa. Terekita yapamwamba yatsopano yotchedwa KMZ-012 inatha kupititsa mpikisano wawo wogulitsa kunja ndikukhala wothandizira weniweni wogwira ntchito, magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena anthu wamba.
Wopanga
Maonekedwe a mini-tekitala KMZ-012 amayenera kupanga injini Kurgan Machine Works. Kwa malonda omwe poyamba sanadziwidwe ndi ogulitsa ambiri, teknoloji yakhala chitsanzo choyambirira, kudziyika yokha ngati chothandizira ndi chothandiza pothandizira dziko lonse kupanga ntchito zaulimi zovuta zosiyana. Poyambirira, bungwe la Kurgan Machine-Building linali lodziwika bwino popanga zida zankhondo, makamaka BMP, yomwe inaperekedwa ku mayiko oposa 23 a dziko lapansi. 
Kwa nthawi yoyamba tekitala inayamba mu 2002 ndipo posakhalitsa idapindula pakati pa ogula osati ku Russia, komanso ku Poland, Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, ndi zina zotero. Otsogolera bungwelo adasankha kumasula makina akulima nthawi zovuta - nthawi zovuta pamene katundu wotumiza katundu sakanakhoza kuphimba mtengo wa kupanga kwake. Choncho, chipinda chapadziko lonse chinapangika kuti chinagwirizanitsidwa ndi sayansi yamakono kuchokera ku Ufumu wa Kumwamba, popeza idagwira ntchito zomwezo monga "ogwirizana" akunja, koma inali yotchipa.
Mukudziwa? Masiku ano, chiwerengero cha matrekita a mitundu yonse padziko lapansi lapansi chikuposa makope 16 miliyoni.
Zolemba zamakono
KMZ-012 ndi thirakitala yochepa yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwira ntchito ndikukuta ndi kubzala, kubwereka, monga kayendedwe ka katundu kapena ntchito yomanga. Chipangizochi chingathe kukhala ndi pulawo, womanga, wolima ndi zipangizo zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zochepa.
Miyeso
Pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso yake, tekitala ya mini-kMZ-012 imakhala yogwirizana monga momwe zingathere. Kutalika kwake kulibe kutsogolo kutsogolo, m'lifupi ndi kutalika popanda denga ndi: 1972 mm / 960 mm / 1975 mm motero.
Kupatsidwa denga ndi zinthu zowonongeka, magawowa akuwonjezeka: 2310 mm / 960 mm / 2040 mm. 
Kulemera kwa maselo kumasiyana. kuchokera makilogalamu 697 mpaka 732 makilogalamu Malingana ndi mtundu wa injini yomwe imayikidwa pamtunda, mphamvu yamtunduwu imatha kufika pa 2.1 kN. Kuwongolera m'lifupi mukhoza kusinthidwa ndipo kumatanthauza malo awiri: 700 mm ndi 900 mm. Chitsanzo cha maphunziro ndi 300mm, kukula kwa mpanda, komwe kungagonjetsedwe ndi njira, ndi 380 mm.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito tekitala yazing'ono kumbuyo kwako.
Injini
Kapepala kakang'ono ka KMZ-012 imapangidwa m'mizere inayi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osiyanasiyana:
- SK-12. Mtundu woterewu unali mbali ya mtengo wapatali. Injini ya carburetor, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa mafuta, imakhala ndi makina awiri omwe amaikidwa pamzere, komanso ntchito yozizira.
Malingaliro ake:
- Mphamvu: 8,82 / 12 kW / hp
- Mphungu: 24 Nm.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta: 335 g / kW, 248 g / hp. pa ola limodzi
- Kutembenuza kwa galimoto: 3100 mphindi.
- Kulemera kwake: 49 kg.
Mukudziwa? Talakita yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ili ndi zigawo za 8.2 x 6 x 4.2 m, ndipo mphamvu yake inali 900 horsepower. Iye analengedwa mu kopi imodzi yokha mu 1977 pa famu yaumwini ku America.
- "V2CH". Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, wopanga malowa adalowetsa injini ya carburetor ndi diliyelini ya "B2C" ya dizilo, yomwe inakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri, yothandiza komanso yachuma. Chitsanzo ichi chinapangidwa ndi kampani ya Chelyabinsk "ChTZ-Uraltrak". Injini imakhala ndi mpweya wowonongeka ndi mpweya wabwino.
Zigawo zazikulu:
- Mphamvu: 8,82 / 12 kW / hp
- Kutembenuza kwa galimoto: 3000 rpm.
- DT mankhwala: 258 g / kW, 190 g / hp. pa ola limodzi
- "VANGUARD 16HP 305447". Injini yopangidwa ndi America imadziwika ndi mapangidwe a Vileni, monga kupezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi kachipangizo ka injini ya injini. Chitsanzo cha kupweteka kwachinayi ndi chida cha mtundu wotchuka wa American "Briggs & Stratton".
Zida:
- Mphamvu: 10,66 / 14,5 kW / hp
- Kutembenuza kwa galimoto: 3000 rpm.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta: 381 g / kW, 280 g / hp. pa ola limodzi
- "HATZ 1D81Z". Chitsanzocho chimakhalanso ndi "shtatovskoe" chiyambi, koma olemba ake ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kampaniyo "Motorenfabrik Hatz". Injini ina imene imagwira ntchito pa mafuta a dizilo, imakhala ndi kanyumba kamodzi kokha, kamene kamakhala pamtunda, komanso kayendedwe ka mpweya. Kupindula kwake kumayesedwa kukhala kophweka komanso zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chuma chambiri.
Zida zamakono:
- Mphamvu: 10,5 / 14,3 kW / hp
- Kutembenuza kwa galimoto: 3000 rpm.
- DT mankhwala: 255 g / kW, 187.5 g / hp. pa ola limodzi
Ndikofunikira! Mitambo yamagalimoto ndi dizilo imasiyanasiyana ndi mafelemu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto yokhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, kudalirika, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Kutumiza
Kusinthika koyambirira kwa galimotoyo kunali ndi magalasi asanu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwina. Pambuyo pake, wopanga anamanganso bokosi lazitsulo pa mfundo iyi: anayi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwake. Mitundu yamakono yamakono ali Bokosi lamasewera lamasewera asanu ndi limodzi lokhala ndi zida zazikulu ziwiri - cylindrical ndi conical.
Zizindikiro za liwiro la unit ndi:
- mmbuyo - 4.49 km / h;
- kutsogolo pang'ono - 1.42 km / h;
- kutsogolo kugwira ntchito - 6.82 km / h;
- kutsogolo kwakukulu kuli 15.18 km / h.
Kutumiza kwa mini-thirititala ndi buku lokhala ndi makina ouma okha, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bokosi lamasitimu asanu ndi limodzi. Izi zimathandiza kukhazikitsa KMZ-012 patsogolo msinkhu wa 15 km / h, kumbuyo kumka ku 4.49 km / h.
Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa kumaphatikizapo:
- mabaki, omwe ali mu nyumba zamatabwa;
- Kuwombera kowonjezera kumagwiritsa ntchito nthunzi yomwe imafalitsidwa kuchokera ku mbalame;
- ndondomeko yopuma.
Kurgan ili ndi zida ziwiri zamagetsi, zomwe ziri zofunika pakugwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zowonongeka. 
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mafuta
KMZ-012 ikupezeka m'zinenero zinayi, kuphatikizapo maziko. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zitsanzo, osintha sanakhudze kuchuluka kwa makina ndi misala. Kurgan inali ndi mitundu yambiri ya injini, malingana ndi kampani yomwe inawathandiza. Mtengo wa mafuta mu njirayi ndi ma lita 20, pamene mafuta omwe amawerengedwa mphamvu ndi ofanana malingana ndi mtundu wa injini:
- "SK-12" - 335 g / kW, 248 g / hp. ola limodzi la mafuta;
- "V2CH" - 258 g / kW, 190 g / hp. pa ola la dizilo;
- "VANGUARD 16HP 305447" - 381 g / kW, 280 g / hp. ola limodzi la mafuta;
- "HATZ 1D81Z" - 255 g / kW, 187.5 g / hp. pa ola la dizilo.
Ŵerenganiponso za machitidwe a mini-tractors MTZ-320, "Uralets-220", "Bulat-120", "Belarus-132n".
Kutsogolera ndi maburashi
Terekita imakhala ndi mabasiketi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyumba yamagetsi, kugwira ntchito mu mafuta ndikugwira ntchito kuchokera pazitsulo zoyendetsa. Mu malo opsinjika mtima, pamene pedals ali otsekedwa ndi chipika, mabaki amakhala pamalo oika magalimoto. Kusiyanitsa kwachitsulo n'kotheka.
Zida zapamwamba sizikutanthawuza kabati ya dalaivala, koma ndalamazo zingagulidwe. Malo ogwira ntchito ali ndi mpando ndi zitsime, zomwe zingasinthe. Kutsogolo kwa makinawa pali gulu lolamulira ndi masensa osiyanasiyana. Gawo lapakati la gawoli likuyikidwapo, yomwe ingasinthidwe. Pansi pa mpando ndi mafuta ndi mabatire. 
Njira yothamanga
Kurgans running system amamangidwa molingana ndi 4 x 2 dongosolo, ndiko kuti, magudumu akumbuyo ndi magudumu akulu. KMZ-012 - galimoto yambuyo yamagalimoto, galimoto yonse yoyendetsa galimoto siinayambe yamasulidwa.
Magudumu am'tsogolo, omwe amathamangitsidwa, amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala pamtambo wothamanga, womwe umakhala ngati mlatho, womwe umathandiza kuti pang'onopang'ono kuyendetsa galimoto kungayende bwino. Kuzungulira kwa magudumu onsewa, ngati kuli koyenera, kungasinthidwe mu malo awiri kuchokera 70 cm mpaka 90 cm.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire kanyumba kakang'ono kokongoletsera ndi chimango chophwanyika komanso motoblock.
Hydraulic system
Poganizira kuti mini-terekita imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowonongeka, wopanga amapereka izo ndi zingwe ziwiri zamagetsi - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, ndi ntchito ya fasteners pa mfundo zitatu. Mankhwala oyendera m'mbuyo amapereka kayendetsedwe ka makina kumanja kwa 50-100 mm, kupita kutsogolo kumanja ndi kumanzere pamtunda womwewo.
Ndikofunikira! Chombo chachikulu cha hydraulic system ndi chakuti kapu yamadzimadzi imayamba kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofalitsira, ndipo ngati kabati imakanikizidwa "mpaka pamtunda", majeremusi sangayambe. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuyendetsa kugwirizana (kuchepetsa kapena kukweza) kumafuna luso lina kwa dalaivala.
Kusintha kwa mapiritsi oyimitsa kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsekemera. 
Chiwerengero cha ntchito
Mini-thirakitala ya chomera cha Kurgan chakonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito pa madera ang'onoang'ono okwana mahekitala asanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera monga alimi, mkuntho, udzu ndi mvula yoyera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yake sikumangokhala pa izi. Kupanga zipangizo kumachitika m'mawonekedwe awiri - ndi khonde lotseguka kapena lotsekedwa, malingana ndi nyengo yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kuti tigwiritse ntchito thirakita mu nyengo zonse: mvula, mphepo, chisanu, ndi zina zotero.
Phunzirani zambiri za mwayi ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito matrekita mu ulimi: Kirovets K-700, K-744, K-9000, MTZ-1523, MTZ-80, Belarus MTZ 1221, MTZ 82 (Belarus), T-25, T-150 , DT-20.
Ndi chithandizo cha unit yomwe mungathe:
- kulima ndi kulima nthaka;
- kupanga mizere;
- spud akumala, kukumba ndi kubzala mbatata;
- dulani udzu ndi udzu;
- kuti azitsuka m'deralo ndi chisanu, masamba ndi zinyalala.
Video: KMZ-012 ndi wokonza mbatata
Mapulami ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsanso ntchito njira yokolola udzu ndikulima ziwembu, zovuta zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito thirakita kudyetsa zinyama. Komanso, kudzera mu KMZ-012, mukhoza kusokoneza konkire, kusesa, kunyamula katundu wambiri kapena katundu wolimba.
Zing'onoting'ono zake zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito osati kumunda, komanso m'madera ozungulira, mwachitsanzo, zophimba zobiriwira, nyumba za mlimi.
Ndikofunikira! Kurgan si yoyenera kulima katundu, wovuta. Pazifukwa izi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito magudumu amphamvu kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, MTZ.
Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Mapangidwe a zipangizozi amakulolani kuti muyike pa izo pafupi magawo 23 a zojambulidwa.
Nthaŵi zambiri, thirakita imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mower (wothira, wozungulira);
- mbatata digger ndi chomera mbatata;
- chipangizo chochotsa chisanu;
- kulima-hiller ndi kulima;
- tsamba lozungulira;
- mlimi;
- sala;
- konkakiti chosakaniza;
- chisa-wakale
Kawirikawiri mini-tekitala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito zapadera ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono. Chaka chilichonse, wopanga akuwonjezera mndandanda wa zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. 
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Mini-thirakita KMZ-012 - njira yogwira ntchito, yothandiza komanso yachuma, yokhala ndi zofunikira zambiri zoyenera:
- phindu pazolipira;
- chitetezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito;
- chilengedwe chonse pakugwiritsa ntchito;
- kulemera kwakukulu ndi kukula;
- ntchito yayikulu;
- kusunga bwino;
- kupezeka kwa zipangizo zopuma ndi Chalk;
- mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi zofanana ndi zochokera kunja;
- zokhazikika ndi zoyendetsa galimoto;
- kuyendetsa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba zogona.
Werengani komanso zonena za "Zubr JR-Q12E", "Salyut-100", "Centaur 1081D", "Cascade", "Neva MB 2" power tillers.
Zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kuti teknoloji ndi yotsimikizika zofooka:
- kusokoneza kayendedwe ka mafuta;
- kudalira kwa kupopera kwa magetsi pamagetsi, chifukwa ma hydraulics amayima kugwira ntchito ndi kutsekemera kwa clutch;
- osati makina apamwamba kwambiri opangira makina a gear.
Chotsitsa chotsiriza chimathetsedwa mosavuta mwa kusintha chinthu chomwe chimapanga mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidindo chapadera.
Video: Mini tractor KMZ-012 kuntchito
KMZ-012 ndi njira yodalirika, yodalirika, yodalirika komanso yogwira ntchito yomwe imayenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Injini ya thirakitala ndi bokosi lazinyala lomwe limakhala ndi nthawi yoyenera yothandizira bwino lingathe kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kukonzanso chipangizocho ndi kophweka, chifukwa mbali zoperekera zomwe zimayenera kuchitidwa zimapezeka komanso zotchipa.
