Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kulemera kwa nkhumba?

Zambiri zokhudza nkhumba zingathe kulemera ndi zofunika kwa mlimi aliyense, chifukwa zinyama izi zimakulira kuti zithe kupeza zowona nyama. Chiwerengero cholemera ndi chofunikira poyesa phindu la malonda ndi kuwerengera zoyenera kudya nyama. Komabe, n'zotheka kudziwa kulemera kwa chinthu chambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mamba - pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa nkhumba

Unyinji wa nyama yomwe imadalira mwachindunji imadalira mtundu wa mtundu wina. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri umazindikiridwa kukhala woyera woyera. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kwa nkhumba zapakhomo za mtundu umenewu zimadzera 300-350 makilogalamu.

Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cholemera pakati pa nkhumba chinamenya boar, wotchedwa dzina lakuti Big Bill, mu 1933 ku United States. Iye ankalemera makilogalamu 1153. Thupi la thupi la mwini wakeyo linali 274 cm, ndipo kutalika kwafota - 152 cm

Kwa nkhumba, kulemera kwabwino kwake ndi 200-250 kg. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wochepa wa Vietnamese ukhoza kupeza makilogalamu 140, ndipo nkhumba yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyera imakhala yolemera 2 mpaka 330-350 makilogalamu.

Chinthu china chofunika pa kuwonjezera kwa nkhumba ndi mchere wabwino. Nkhumba yolemera makilogalamu 50-60 ali ndi zaka 3-4, pogwiritsa ntchito kudya mwakhama kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira, ikufika 90 kg kapena kuposa.

Njira zosankha

Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chomwe mlimi akutsatira, njira yopezera kuchuluka kwa artiodactyl imasankhidwanso. Popanda kuyeza, izi zimayesedwa ndi zaka, ndi kukula, komanso powerengera coefficient fattening.

Malingana ndi tebulo

Kuwerengera kulemera kwa nkhumba kungakhale, kudalira pafupipafupi zambiri zokhudza chitukuko chawo ndi zaka m'miyezi - mfundo zomwe zikufotokozedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Ndikofunikira! Osadyetsa kapena kuthirira ng'ombe kwa maola 2-3 asanayese kapena kuyeza ng'ombe. Pankhaniyi, chigawochi chidzakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi wodalirika.

Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi

Funso la momwe mungayezerere kuchuluka kwa ziweto zamkati zimathetsedwa mosavuta ndi njira yotsatirayi:

misa = (1.54 × X + 0.99 × K) - 150.

Mzere wa chifuwa (X), woyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tepiyi, wochulukitsa ndi 1.54, ndi kutalika kwa thupi (K) - ndi 0.99. Zotsatira zowonjezera zowonjezera ndikuchotsa 150 kuchokera mu ndalama zomwe analandira.

Mwachigawo cha mafuta

Njira ina yowerengera parameter yomwe tikufunikira popanda zolemera ndizoyambira pa kudya. Malingana ndi zotsatira za muyeso ndi kudziwa momwe chiweto chikulemera. Ndikofunika kusankha gulu labwino lomwe limakhala lachilengedwe.

Choncho, ngati nkhumba imakhala yoonda komanso yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta kudzakhala 162. Ngati nkhumba zimasiyana mofanana, ndiye kuti 156. Ndipo ndi mafuta oyenera kapena oposa, chizindikirochi chidzakhala 142.

Gome lolemera piglets

Gomeli lidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe mungayese kulemera kwa nkhumba kwa miyezi.

Kuchuluka kwa nkhumba kuti iphedwe

Pankhani ya kuyeza kupha, chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera:

W.V. = (V.T.) / (J.V.) × 100%.

Ngati awonetsa, ndiye V.V. - izi ndi kupha, kapena kulemera (lingaliro ili silikuganizira za mutu, ziboda, mchira ndi mitsempha), V.T. - kulemera kwake kwa nyama, J.V. - kulemera. Poyendetsa zinyama, ndi chizoloŵezi chotsogoleredwa ndi ndondomeko yobala zipatso:

• kuchokera nkhumba 100 kapena nkhumba - 72-75%;
• kuchokera 120-140 makilogalamu - 77-80%;
• oposa 180 kg - 80-85%.

Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimaphunzitsidwa bwino. Chifukwa cha fungo lawo, nyama izi zimaphunzitsidwa kufunafuna mankhwala kapena truffles.

Kuchulukitsa pambuyo pa kuphedwa

Kodi mtembo umalemera bwanji pambuyo pophedwa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri kwa wopanga, kuyambira poyamba chimalola kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogulitsidwa.

Thupi lachithupi, nyama ndi mtembo

Pambuyo kuphedwa, kenako kudula (kulekana kwa viscera, mutu ndi ziboda), kulemera kwa moyo kumachepa pang'ono. Pafupifupi, makilogalamu 10-11 makilogalamu, makilogalamu 2.5-3 makilogalamu, 23 makilogalamu a mafuta ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku hulk ya 110-pounds. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi makilogalamu 73 a zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyama zangwiro.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa ife mu theka la nyama ndi pafupifupi 25-35 makilogalamu. Ndipo gawo limodzi la magawo khumi a mtembo lidzalemera makilogalamu 6-8.

Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti zotsatira zomalizira zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi luso la wovala nyama.

Kulemera kwa ziwalo zina

Ponena za masewera otsala ndi viscera, mitembo yolemera makilogalamu 100 idzakhala ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

• mutu - 8-9 makilogalamu;
• mtima - 0,32 makilogalamu;
• mapapu - 0,8 makilogalamu;
• chiwindi - 1.6 makilogalamu;
• impso - 0.26 makilogalamu.

Ndikofunikira! Ndi njira iliyonse yowerengera zolakwika za kulemera kwa nyama ikupitirira monga kale kukhala wokwera kwambiri (pafupifupi makilogalamu 20). Choncho, pazinthu zofunika monga kusintha kwa mphamvu kapena kugula ndi kugulitsa ng'ombe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi.

Tikuyembekeza kuti uphungu wathu udzakuthandizani kuweta ziweto, ndipo simudzakhalanso ndi funso la momwe mungazindikire kulemera kwa nkhumba. Ndi kukonza molondola ng'ombe, mukhoza kupeza mankhwala ochuluka, ngakhale kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi.