Amaranth ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka chochokera ku banja la Amaranth. Dziko lakwawo ndilo kukula kwa South America, kuchokera pomwe mbewu imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, amwenyewo adapanga "chakumwa cha milungu" ndikupereka moyo wosafa. Krupa, limodzi ndi chimanga, adagwiritsa ntchito ngati magetsi, ndipo maluwa osasinthika adagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mundawo ndikukonzera maluwa. Amaranth amatanthauzira kuti "osakhazikika." Burgundy panicles ndi okongola chimodzimodzi m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira. Komanso chomeracho chimatchedwa "shirika", "mphaka wa mchira kapena nkhandwe", "tambala" ndi "oxamite". Ngakhale zopindulitsa zonse, mitundu ina yamtchire imadziwika kuti ndi maudzu ndipo yowonongeka mopanda chisoni.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Amaranth ndi udzu wapachaka kapena wachinyamata wokhala ndi kampu yamphamvu yolowerera mkati mwake. Zomera zowoneka bwino, zopindika zimapangika mphukira yowonda, yocheperapo komanso pafupifupi 1.5 mita. Mitundu ina imakula ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 300. Zimayambira ndi timadontho toterera tomwe tili ndimtambo wonyezimira bwino.
Masamba a petiole pafupipafupi amtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiirira ndi okulirapo. Mitundu yawo ya matte imakhala ndi zinthu zokongoletsera chifukwa cha utoto ndi mitsempha yozikika. Masamba amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a rhomboid, ovoid kapena chowulungika. Kumtunda kwa kutsogolo kwa m'mphepete mwa cholembera pali notch.
Amaranth limamasula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa pamwamba pa tsinde m'mizere ya masamba, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndikuwopseza kwambiri. Makamaka makutu aatali amatha kukula osati mokhazikika, komanso kukhazikika. Wofewa, ngati velvet, nthambi zimapakidwa utoto, wofiirira, wachikasu kapena wobiriwira. Mitundu imakhala yofanana kapena yowoneka bwino. Corollas ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa maluwa amodzi mu inflorescence. Mulibe ma petals kapena muli ma brokota asanu osakanizidwa ndi ma stamens amafupi. Panicles wokongola amasungidwa mpaka chisanu.
Mukatha kupukutira, zipatso zimacha - mtedza kapena mabokosi ambewu. Kucha, mbewu zimatulutsa pansi zokha. Chomera chilichonse chimatha kubereka zipatso 500,000. Mbewu zazing'ono zozungulira ndizonona kapena zonyezimira. Mu 1 g ya mbewu, pali mpaka 2500 mayunitsi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya amaranth
Mitundu Amaranth imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 100. Zina mwa izo zimalimidwa monga chakudya cham'madzi ndi masamba.
Amaranth masamba. Zomera zimakhala ndizokwanira kuchuluka kwa michere. Imakhala ndi nyengo yochepa yophukira ndipo imapanga unyinji waukulu wobiriwira. Amadya osati mbewu zokha, komanso masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Mphesa zakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito patatha masiku 70-120 mutabzala. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Olimba - kupsa koyambirira mpaka 1.4 m kutalika ndi inflorescence ya bulauni;
- Opopeo - masamba obiriwira-obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi ndi mbale zoyambirira, maluwa ofiira;
- Tsamba loyera - chomera mpaka 20 cm kutalika ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndilabwino kukula pawindo.
Amaranth asokonekera. Pachaka zokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka, zopindika pang'ono zimakula kutalika kwa 1-1,5 m. Masamba akuluakulu a ovoid amakhala obiriwira kapena obiriwira. Maluwa a rasipiberi amasonkhanitsidwa mumabampu akuluakulu opachikika. Amawonekera pa tchire kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Albiflorus - amasungunula inflorescence yoyera;
- Grunschwanz - chomera chotalika 75 cm chimakutidwa ndi inflorescence yofiyira.
Amaranth amaponyedwa kumbuyo. Zolemba pamtunda wokwanira 1 mita zimakhala ndi muzu wamtengo ndi tsinde lophuka pang'ono. Pali mulu waufupi pa ofiira kapena wowoneka wobiriwira wobiriwira. Masamba a ovoid amaphatikizidwa ndi petiole. Kutalika kwake ndi 4-14 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 2-6 cm.Maluwa amachitika mu June-Ogasiti. Ma cylindrical inflorescence omwe amakhala m'matumbo a masamba amakhala obiriwira.
Amaranth ndi mitundu itatu. Chovala chokongoletsera chosakanizira pachaka cha 0,7-1,5 m chotalika chimasiyanitsidwa ndi tsinde lolunjika, lopindika pang'ono. Kukula kwa mawonekedwe a piramidi kumakhala ndi masamba odutsa okhala ndi gawo lalitali komanso lopindika. Mitundu ingapo imaphatikizidwa papepala. Malo obiriwira okhala ndi malo akuluakulu achikasu a lalanje pamunsi pake amakhala ndi mitsempha ya rasipiberi. M'mwezi wa June, inflorescence yayikulu ya chikasu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizachonde kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Amaranth loosestrife - korona wachiphiramidi wokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira mpaka 6 mm mulifupi mpaka 20 cm;
- Kuwala - 50-70 masentimita amtali wokutidwa wokutidwa ndi masamba akulu amitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wa lalanje, wofiira, wamkuwa.
Kulima mbewu ndikubzala
Kwa chaka chilichonse, kufalitsa mbewu ndiokhako. Potentha, ndikosavuta kubzala mbande. Kumapeto kwa Marichi, mbale zamchenga ndi dothi la peat zikukonzekera. Mbewu zimagawanidwa mofananamo mpaka pakuya masentimita 1.5-2. Dziko lapansi limathiridwa pansi kuchokera mfuti ndikuwaphimba ndi filimu yowonekera. Malo obiriwirawo amawaika pamalo owunikira ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kupezeka patatha masiku 4-6. Pogona amachotsedwa, koma pitilizani kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse. Malo owuma amadulidwamo kuti mizu yake isamayende, ndipo mbande sizimasokoneza. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba atatu enieni zimayimbidwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Mbande zibzalidwa panthaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe nthaka imawunda bwino ndipo ngozi ya chisanu ikazimiririka. Amaranth amabzalidwa m'mizere yotalika masentimita 45-70. Mtunda pakati pa tchire payokha umatengera kutalika kwa mitunduyo ndipo ndi 10-30 cm. Pakati pa masabata 1-2 mutabzala, mbewu zimafuna kuthirira kambiri. Panthawi yozizira usiku, mabediwo amaphimbidwa ndi filimu.
M'madera akumwera, amaranth akhoza kubzala nthawi yomweyo. Kubzala kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, pomwe nthaka imatentha mpaka masentimita 5. Nthaka imafesedwa ndi feteleza wa mineral asadzafesere. Ndikofunikira kusankha ma complexes omwe ali ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni. Mbewu zimagawidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje mozama pafupifupi 15 mm. Mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala 40-45 cm. Amadulidwa kuti mtundawo ukhale wa cm 7-10. Ndikabzala koyambirira (koyambirira kwa Epulo), mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yakukula msora usanatuluke komanso kuti udzu sufunika. Pakubzala pambuyo pake, amaranth uyenera kudulidwa kuti namsongole asasokoneze kukula kwake.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira Kunja
Amaranth ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri. Ndi malo oyenera, chisamaliro chomera sichofunikira kwenikweni. Mbewu zabwino kwambiri m'mwezi woyamba mutabzala. Chiwembu cha Shakira chimafunika chotseguka komanso dzuwa. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa ndikuchotsedwa. Nthaka yokhala ndi zamchere pang'ono ndizofunikira. Sabata imodzi asanabzalidwe, nitroammophoskos ndi laimu woterera amabweretsedwa pansi.
Kuthirira chomera chaching'ono kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti madzi asamayende m'nthaka. Madzi ozizira nthawi yozizira ndi osafunika kwenikweni. Mukathirira, nthaka yapansi pafupi tchire imamasulidwa ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Zitsanzo zazikulu zaanthu akuluakulu okhala ndi ma rhizomes amphamvu amatha kutulutsa madzi kuchokera pansi mozama ndipo amafunikira kuthirira kokha ndi chilala chachitali komanso chovuta kwambiri.
Pakatha masabata awiri mutabzala mbande padzani kuvala koyamba. Njira ina yothetsera mchere, mullein ndi phulusa lamatabwa. Pazonse, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kanayi pachaka. Chitani izi m'mawa mutatha kuthirira pang'ono. Kenako muzu ndi zimayambira sizikhudzidwa.
Masamba am'munsi pach tsinde ayamba kusanduka ofiira ndi youma, nthawi yakwana yoti atenge mbewu. Inflorescence imayamba kudula kuchokera pansi. Zayikidwa mumthunzi kuti ziume. Pakatha masiku 12-16, mbewuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa. Kuti achite izi, amazipaka pakati pa kanjedza ndikutulutsa njere. Kenako amakanizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sishi yabwino ndikuikamo nsalu kapena pepala.
Kusatetezeka kwa amaranth kulimba, sizothandiza pachabe kuti chomera chachikulu chikufanizidwa ndi udzu wokhazikika. Chinyezi chikasunthira m'nthaka, fungus imakula msanga, zimayambitsa matenda monga mizu zowola ndi powdery mildew. Mankhwala, tchire amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi, vitriol kapena colloidal sulfure.
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zofunda zimakhazikika pamasamba abwino. Samavutitsa mbewu kwambiri ndipo imatha kukhala zovulaza poyambira kukula. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Karbofos, Actellik) amathandizanso kupirira majeremusi.
Zothandiza zimatha amaranth
Amaranth amawonedwa moyenerera ngati gwero la thanzi. Iye ndi malo osungira zinthu zofunikira. Zinthu zotsatirazi zili muzu, masamba ndi zipatso:
- mavitamini (C, PP, E, gulu B);
- macrocell (Ca, K, Na, Mg, Se, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe);
- mapuloteni
- mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated.
Madzi a masamba atsopano, decoctions, madzi ndi mowa infusions amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati komanso kunja. Amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, amathandizira kuteteza ku chimfine, kapena m'malo mwake amuchotsere zisonyezo zosasangalatsa. Ma compress amathandizira kuthandizira matenda a fungus, herpes, psoriasis, eczema, kuwotcha, ziphuphu, komanso kuwonjezera kukonzanso kwa khungu. Zinthu zogwira zimatsutsana ndi mapangidwe a zotupa mthupi, komanso zimalimbana ndi zovuta za mankhwala a radiation. Mankhwala amathandizanso kuthana ndi vuto la mtima, matenda oopsa, matenda a m'mimba, komanso matenda ashuga. Ngakhale vuto la kusowa tulo, kupsinjika kapena ma neurosis, kulowetsedwa kwa machiritso sikungagawidwe nawo.
Contraindative kutenga ndi chifuwa, munthu tsankho, chizolowezi cha hypotension, cholecystitis, kapamba, cholelithiasis.
