Chinanazi - Chomera chodabwitsa choterechi chimauluka kuchokera kuzitentha ku South America. Ku Ulaya, idayamba kukula m'mabwinja, kutulutsa nyengo yofunikira.
Koma molimbika pang'ono, kukula kwa chinanazi kungatheke ngakhale panyumba. Ndipo pakapita kanthawi chomera chodabwitsa chidzatidabwitsa ndi maonekedwe ake ndi zipatso.
Chinanazi: malongosoledwe a zomera
Chinanazi - Ndimbewu ya herbaceous yomwe ili ndi tsinde pakati pake. Pakatikati pa tsinde, pamwamba - inflorescence, yomwe pambuyo pa umuna umatembenuka kukhala chonde.
Kunja, zimatha kuwona kuti mbali zosiyana za mbeu zambewu zimakula pamodzi kukhala chipatso chimodzi - chinanazi. Tsinde lazunguliridwa ndi rosette - minofu ndi masamba wandiweyani.
Chipanapple chipatso chiri ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ozungulira, ali ndi zingapo zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono zophatikizana pamodzi. Pamwamba pali rosette wa masamba.
Chimake chodala cha zipatso zakupsa chili ndi mdima wobiriwira, wachikasu, wofiira, kapena wofiira. Mkati mwa chipatso - kuwala kofiirira thupi. Ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo lokoma. Zipatso zakucha za chinanazi zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 4-5.
Kodi ndiankhanza ziti zomwe zimafunikira kukula bwino?
Mananasi, akale pakhomo, amakhala ovuta kwambiri pokhudzana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe idzapangidwe kuti ikhale yakucha. Popeza ndi chomera chotentha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyatsa kuwala, kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuunikira
Mananasi ayenera kukhala osachepera maola asanu ndi limodzi pa tsiku, mosasamala za nthawi ya chaka, khalani pamalo okongola. M'chilimwe, zomera zimatha kutulutsidwa kunja kwa khonde kapena m'munda, pamalo amodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, chinanazi chiyenera kusungidwa kummwera, kuti chipeze ngakhale dzuwa.
Chomeracho sichiyenera kusinthasintha, chifukwa chikhoza kuchepetsa kukula, kokwanira ndi kuunika kokha. Ngati nthawi ya chaka ndi nyengo sizimapereka kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndiye chinanazi chimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kuunikira kwina - nyali za fulorosenti. Ndibwino kuti tiganizire kuti pogwiritsa ntchito nyali chinanazi ayenera kulandira maola 8 pa tsiku.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Chinanazi ndi mantha kwambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira. Ngati chilimwe chimakhutitsidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira, ndiye nthawi yachisanu ndiyothandiza kudziwoneratu njira zoteteza kutentha mu chipinda ndi nthaka ya chomera. Sitiyenera kusungidwa padothi lozizira kapena pawindo, m'nyengo yozizira ndi bwino kusunga kutentha kwa dothi la 18 - 21 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyengo yozizira ndi 27 ° C.
Chomeracho sichiyenera kusungidwa pafupi ndi mabatire ndi zotentha, ndiyenso kuonetsetsa kuti palibe ma drafts. Kuti muteteze chinyezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphika ndi ngalande yamadzi. Mukhoza kupopera madzi ozungulira mbewu, masamba sayenera kutsukidwa, monga momwe madzi amatha kukhalira mkati mwa chikhomo ndikuwapangitsa kuti avunda. Ayenera kuchotsedwa ku fumbi ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Momwe mungabzalitsire chinanazi
Musanayambe kulima chinanazi panyumba, ndibwino kuti mutenge zipatso zoyamba, zatsopano komanso zathanzi.
Chipatso chabwino cha chinanazi chiyenera:
- Mukhale ndi fungo lokoma.
- Musakhale ndi zowonongeka zakunja, mtundu uyenera kukhala yunifolomu, golide wofiira.
- Mankhwala a chinanazi ayenera kukhala otanuka. Ngati chipatsocho ndi chofewa, ndiye kuti izi zimapitirira. Ngati chipatsocho ndi chovuta, ndiye kuti, mwana.
- Masamba pamwamba ayenera kukhala atsopano, obiriwira okhala m'mphepete mwazing'ono - ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunika cha kukula kwa chipatso. Ngati pali imvi, zimatanthauza kuti masamba awonongeka ndi tizilombo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito chipatso choterocho kuyenera kutayidwa.
Kusunga malamulo awa, tidzatha kukula chinanazi panyumba, zomwe zidzatikondweretsa ndi kuyang'ana kwake kodabwitsa ndipo zidzabala chipatso mtsogolomu.
Kupatukana kwa tuft wa zipatso
Kulekanitsa korona wa masamba ku chinanazi kungakhale kosavuta. Ndikofunika kufotokozera masamba onse ndi dzanja lanu ndikutembenuza mosamalitsa, ngati kuti mukulephera kutsegula kapu. Ngati chirichonse chikuyenda molondola, muyenera kukhala ndi korona wa masamba ndi dzanja lanu pansipa.
Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti simungathe kuchita zonse mosamala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni. Kadzi akuyenera kuchotsa korona pamwamba pa chinanazi ndikudula mitsempha yonse kuti zisawonongeke.
Kukonzekera korona kwa mizu kumera
Ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba angapo apansi ndi mpeni kuti awulule thunthu, komwe tidzakula mizu. Pambuyo pokonza masamba ndi kuyeretsa thunthu, tisiyeni chinanazi chathu cham'tsogolo kuti tiume kwa masiku angapo kuti tipewe zipsera ndi masamba kusinthasintha atatha kudulira.
Kenaka korona wouma uyenera kuikidwa mu mbale yowonongeka ndi madzi kuti iphimbe thumba lopanda kanthu la mbeu yathu. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha. Ikani mbale pamalo owala pawindo. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa msinkhu wa madzi, nthawi kusintha madzi. Ngati atachita bwino, chinanazi chidzakhazikika mu masabata 3 mpaka 4.
Kubzala chinanazi pansi
Pambuyo mizu yakula 3-4 masentimita, chinanazi chikhoza kubzalidwa pansi. Pofuna kubzala koyamba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphika waung'ono ndi dzenje loti madzi azitha kuthamanga, kukula kwa kukula kwa korona wathu. Pansi pa mphika mumakhala masentimita atatu a madzi, mungagwiritse ntchito dothi lowonjezera.
Ndikofunika kudzaza mphika ndi nthaka yovuta, yowonjezera. Pambuyo kudzaza nthaka, ndi bwino kuthira madzi otentha pansi. Pambuyo pake, mutha kubzala mbewu. Kubzala ayenera kukhala 5-6 masentimita, mutabzala bwino ndi kutsanulira chinanazi ndi madzi ofunda. Muyenera kuyika chomeracho pamalo ozizira ndi ofunda. Mananasi amamera miyezi 2-3.
Ndikofunikira! Chizindikiro chofunika chomwe chinanazi chimagwira - kutuluka kwa masamba atsopano.
M'tsogolo, masamba oyambirira adzafota ndi kufa, koma pamalo awo atsopano aphukira adzayamba kukula. Masamba akale amafunika kusamalidwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Nkhumba yaikulu ya chinanazi iyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi madzi ofunda. Patapita chaka, kukula kwa chinanazi kumapangidwanso m'phika lalikulu.
Mukufunikirabe kuika pansi pazitsulo, ndipo nthawi ino mungagwiritse ntchito miyala. Udzu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje ndi magawo atatu a nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira, kukula kwa chinanazi kumachepetsera, koma musadandaule: poyamba nyengo yofunda, idzayamba kukula mochulukira, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kudyetsa nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Ngati kuli kotheka, panthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri kubzala kwa chinanazi ikhoza kuyika pansi pa peti ya polyethylene kwa milungu iwiri kuti pakhale mkhalidwe wa nyengo yotentha komanso kupulumuka kwa zomera.
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha chinanazi
Kuwona chinanazi chathu chikukula pakhomo, tikuwona kuti chinanazi ndi chomera kwambiri cha thermophilic. Iyenera kuthiriridwa, koma madzi ayenera kupeledwa kuti asapitirire. Amafunikanso kuvala pamwamba pamwamba nthawi zonse.
Kodi ndikufunikira kuthirira chinanazi?
Nthaka mu mphika ndi chinanazi sayenera kuuma, koma madzi sayenera kuphulika. Choncho, chomera chachikulu chiyenera kumwa madzi kamodzi pamlungu ndi madzi ofunda.
Ngati chomera chiri kunja, masamba ake ayenera kupopedwa: adzalandira chinyezi, ndipo zina zonse zimasanduka madzi. Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, chinanazi chimatha kusintha: madzi kawiri pa sabata, koma kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ndi bwino pamene madzi akudutsa mu ngalande kwathunthu ndikuyenda.
Ngati pali nkhwangwa imanunkhira mumphika kapena nkhungu imawoneka padothi, ndiye iyenera kusintha m'malo mwamsanga, mwinamwake chomera chikhoza kufa.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala a chinanazi ndi ochepa kwambiri, choncho mphika wa 3-4 lita imodzi ndi wokwanira munthu wamkulu.
Kupaka kwapamwamba kwa chomera chodabwitsa
Pa nyengo yokula, chinanazi chiyenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa mwezi. Manyowa abwino adzakhala a humus wamba. Mukhozanso kupanga zovuta zamchere feteleza, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa, koma mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi theka, poyerekeza ndi zomera zina.
M'pofunikanso kupopera mbewu kamodzi pamwezi ndi njira yokwana 0.01% ya ferrous sulphate. Zamchere feteleza, laimu ndi phulusa la nkhuni sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa chinanazi.
Zinsinsi za bwino maluwa a chinanazi
Mu chilengedwe, kuti chinanazi chifalikire, zidzatenga miyezi 26. Kunyumba, nthawi yamaluwa imasiyana mosiyana. Pakatha miyezi 16, ndipo kutalika kwa mbeu kumakhala masentimita 20, mukhoza kuyembekezera chiyambi cha maluwa. Maluwa a chinanazi malingana ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi.
Pamwamba pa thunthu, mphukira imayamba kuphuka, imayamba kuphuka pamwamba pa tsinde lomwe limakula kuchokera ku tsinde. Miyezi ingapo imayambira maluwa ndipo imatha masabata awiri enieni. Maluwawo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu. Maluwa amodzi amatsegulira tsiku limodzi lokha. Pambuyo pa maluwawo, maluwa otsiriza amayamba kukula kwa ubwana.
Nthawi yakucha imakhala miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi iwiri, zimadalira nyengo zomwe zimakula komanso mtundu wa chinanazi. 
Zitha kuchitika kuti chinanazi yafika pa msinkhu woyenera ndipo yayamba bwino, koma sichimasintha; Pachifukwa ichi, kuyamba kwa maluwa kungakonzedwe. Njira yothetsera madzi ya ethylene idzapambana bwino ndi ntchitoyi.
Pofuna kukonzekera, muyenera kumwa makapuni 1-2 a calcium carbide ndikutsanulira 0,5 malita a madzi. Pofuna kusunga njirayi mu chotsekedwa chotsekedwa, ndiye kutsanulila, kuchotsa ku dothi. Njira iyi iyenera kupangidwa mu 50-55 ml pa sabata kumapeto kwa masamba a zomera. Pambuyo pa kukakamiza kotero, chinanazi chiyenera kupereka mphukira mu masabata 4-6. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, zikutanthauza kuti sanakwaniritse kapena akudwala.
Mukudziwa? Chinanazi ndi chomera chomera, choncho pambuyo pake fruiting idzafa. Koma asiye kumbali zina zochepa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulima.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a chinanazi
Kukula kwa chinanazi ngati chomera, tiyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti, monga zomera zina, akhoza kuwonedwa ndi tizirombo. Komanso, ndi kusamaliza kusamalidwa kwa malamulo a chisamaliro cha chinanazi, chomeracho chingakhale ndi mavuto ena.
Ngati masamba ayamba kuuma, zikutanthauza kuti chomera chiri pamalo otentha kwambiri kapena dzuwa. Iyenera kupopedwa ndi madzi ndi kukonzedwanso kumalo ozizira. Ngati masamba ayamba kufota ndi kupota - chomera chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo owala.
Ngati tsinde la mbeu limatuluka - ndikofunikira kutenthetsa madzi ndi kuimitsa mpaka mbeu ikafika kudziko lake.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timayambitsa chinanazi:
- Shchitovka. Zimakhudza masamba a chomeracho, akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi swaboni ya thonje yotsekemera mu ethyl mowa. Komanso, chomeracho chiyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomwe chingagulidwe m'masitolo ogulitsa.
- Mealy worm. Akuphimba masamba ndi filimu yopitirira. Mukhoza kuchotsa ndi kusambitsa masamba ndi sopo ndi madzi, kenako muzisamalira ndi emulsion ya Karbofos.
- Nyongolotsi ya mphukira. Zimakhudza mizu. Mukawonekeratu, ndi bwino kuimitsa ndikuyesa nthaka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Kangaude mite. Pangani masamba otupa pamasamba, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi madzi a sopo, osakaniza ndi madzi ofewa komanso opaleshoni.
- Orchid aphid. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kamene timakhala pa masamba apamwamba a zomera ndikudyetsa madzi ake. Kupeza nsabwe za m'masamba, chomeracho chiyenera kusinthidwa "Aktellikom."
- Usiku. Ichi ndi chipika chokhazikika chomwe chimapangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati izo zipezeka, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo.
- Matenda a fungal. Tizilombo timapanga feteleza ndi nitrojeni. Ngati zichitika, chomerachi chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicide.
Kodi mungapange bwanji chinanazi?
Mananasi akhoza kufalitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mphukira za mwana wamkazi, zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pa mananasi fruiting. Pafupifupi, chomera chimodzi chimapanga mphukira zisanu. Mphukira ya mwana iyenera kupatulidwa ku mbali yaikulu ndi mpeni. Ayenera kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20 ndikukhala ndi mizu yawo.
Mukamapsa mwana wamkazi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yambiri kuti muzuke kwambiri. Thunthu, pamapeto pake mizu ilipo, imagwetsedwa pansi mpaka 1 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphikira kulikonse kwa chinanazi, sikungakonzedwe kuti zitha kuwononga cloy earthy ndi mizu. Kujambula kumachitika mwa njira yokhayokha.
