Gulugufe wotchuka, wotchedwa "sera ya njenjete", ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono, wapindula ngati mdani woopsa wa njuchi.
Alimi amalephera kulimbana ndi njenjete ya sera ndipo nthawi zonse amateteza minda yawo kwa alendo osayitanidwa.
Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha izi muli zipangizo zogwira ntchito komanso njira.
Lero, ganizirani za njenjete ya wax? Kodi ndizoopsa bwanji ndi kuchotsa njenjete ya sera mumng'oma?
Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za tizilombo?
Sera ya njenjete imatchula njenjete zam'mawa za banja la Ognivok. Tizilomboti timangokhala m'madera omwe ali ndi njuchi zakula bwino, kukhala njuchi yoopsa kwambiri ya njuchi.
Sera yayikulu njenjete amasiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu. Mapapiko ake akhoza kufika 35 mm.. Kujambula mapiko oyambirira a njuchi njuchi kumaphatikizapo mithunzi ya brownish-yellow and gray-brown, pamene mapiko a kumbuyo ali kirimu.
Mu yaing'ono njuchi njenjete mapiko muzeng'onoting'ono safika kuposa 24 mm.. Mtundu wa mapiko ake oyambirira ndi wofiira, ndipo mapiko a mbawala ndi amphuno-oyera.
Wax wamkulu wa njenjete samafuna chakudya., chifukwa ziwalo zake za m'mimba sizinapangidwe bwino. Amakhala phindu la masitolo omwe adasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yopitako. Nthawi ya moyo ya akazi ndi pafupi masabata awiri, amuna amatha masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Zigulugufe zachikazi kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yake mumng'oma madzulo kapena usiku, amaika mazira okwana 300 mu kampu imodzi m'mipata, m'mapanga kapena pansi. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, gulugufe la moliform limeneli limatha kuika mazira 1,500.
Pambuyo masiku khumi mazira amawonekera mbozi zowera pafupifupi 1 mm kukula ndi mutu wachikasu wamutu. Kudya mwamphamvu, pang'onopang'ono kumakhala mbozi ya mdima wakuda mpaka 2-3.5 cm.
Pambuyo pa masiku 30 kuchokera pamene chiyambi chake chikuyamba, mbozi imapanga phokoso, imaigwira muyekha kapena pamng'oma, ndi pupates. Pambuyo masiku 10-11, gulugufe latsopano limatuluka mumphuno, lokonzekera kuti likhale ndi mibadwo iwiri yomwe ilipo.
Chimene mth moth amawoneka - chithunzi pansipa:
Kuvulazidwa kochitidwa
Sera ya moth ndi tsoka lenileni kwa alimi. Mphutsi zake zamphongo idyani zakudya za njuchi zokha. Pakati pa chitukuko, amatha kubweretsa mng'oma kumtundu woterewu kuti banja la njuchi lisayime malo oopsya ndikusiya nyumba yake.
Kumayambiriro kwa moyo, chakudya cha mphutsi ndi perga ndi uchi. Atakhala amphamvu, ayamba kale kudya sera sera, kusungunula zinthu, zotsalira za njuchi. Mbozi Pewani mosakayikira chisa cha uchi, ndipo muzipanga ma tunnel ambiri.
Poyenda, amasiya nsalu zofiira ndi bokosi lamtengo wapatali, kusindikizira zisa ndi izo ndikulepheretsa njuchi kusiya uchi.
Mbozi imodzi yokha Sera ya moth kwa nthawi yomwe ikukula akhoza kuwononga mazira okwana 500 ndi zina zambiri. Ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri, pafupifupi maselo onse ali ndi zibwebwe ndikusanduka fumbi.
Mpweya mumng†™ oma umakhala woyenera ndipo umapeza fungo losasangalatsa. Zotsatira zake Banja la njuchi limafooka ndipo kawirikawiri limasiya mng'oma, ndipo poipitsitsa imapha.
Alimi amapeza zambiri ndikupeza njira zambiri zowonongera mlendo wosayitanidwa. Koma ziyenera kunenedwa kuti tincture yokhudzana ndi mphutsi za sera moth imakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi sera ya njenjete?
Kulamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayamba ndi njira zothandizira. Choyamba, alimi amayesetsa kusunga njuchi zokhazokha, kupanga zinthu zonse zofunika.
Njuchi zazikulu zokha zimatha kutsutsa tizirombo.. Anthu ogwira ntchito amapeza mphutsi, amadya, ndipo amapezeka kuti ziphuphu zimasindikizidwa ndi propolis. Njuchi-alonda amasaka mabulugufe, ndipo, kuzigwira, kuziponya kunja.
Pofuna kuteteza ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Ndikofunikira yang'anani uchi nthawi zonse zonse mu njuchi ndi malo osungirako, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amazindikira kuti tizirombo tawonongeka.
- Mayi, malo owetera njuchi komanso yosungirako katundu ayenera kusungidwa bwino., pansi pa ming'oma sayenera kukhala zidutswa za Sera ndi zinyalala zina.
- Nyumba za njuchi ziyenera kusungidwa bwino., popanda ming'alu, mipata ndi ming'alu, sipangakhale pang'onopang'ono kuti pangakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Ndikusowa onetsetsani njuchi kuti mukhale ndi ufulu wopeza mbali iliyonse ya mng'oma chifukwa cha nkhondo yawo yodziimira ndi roe.
- Zina mwa maselo akale (pafupifupi 30%) zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zilowetsedwe chaka ndi chaka ndi zatsopano, ndipo zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Pofuna kuteteza mphutsi kuti izitha kulowera mumng'oma ina, zimalimbikitsidwa kukumba mipunga yomwe ili pozungulira, ndikudzaza ndi madzi.
- Sera imayenera kusungidwa muzitsulo zolimba. Musasunge sera ku njuchi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi zofunika kuti mwamsanga muzitengere kuti zibwezeretsedwe.
- Maselo osungira ayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, oyera ndi owuma. ndi mpweya wabwino. Ndibwino kuti iwo ali mu kabati yosungirako mankhwala kapena ming'oma.
- Pansi pa njuchi zimathandiza kukula zitsamba, zomwe zimawopsya sera sera. Izi zikuphatikizapo oregano, hops, timbewu tonunkhira, geranium zonunkhira, chitsamba chowawa. Zambiri za zitsamba zikhoza kuikidwa mumng'oma - m'mwamba ndi m'munsi.
- Chodziletsa kwambiri ndi adyo wamba - chidutswa chimodzi cha adyo chimadulidwa mu zidutswa zitatu, zomwe zimayikidwa pa zidutswa za mng'oma pansi pa mng'oma kapena pansi pamtambo.
- Pofuna kufooketsa njenjete ya sera ku sopo yosungirako, imayikidwa "bouquets" ya zitsambazo, kuwonjezera kwa iwo immortelle, ledum ndi masamba a masamba.
Kugwira ntchito pa chiwonongeko cha akuluakulu nyambo yapaderazomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku uchi ndi perga ndi kuwonjezera kwa madzi pang'ono ndi yisiti yatsopano.
Nyamboyi imatsanuliridwa muzitsulo zosatseguka ndipo madzulo amaikidwa pamng'oma usiku wonse. Mphepete zimamera ku fungo lokongola kwa iwo, kukwera muzitsulo ndikumira. Poyamba m'mawa, nyamboyo imachotsedwa mpaka usiku wotsatira, ndipo tizirombo tawonongeka.
Ngati mbeu ya sera imayikidwa kale mumng†™ oma, muzitsamba za alimi pali njira zambiri, zobisika komanso zinsinsi zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa mliriwu mwamsanga. Taganizirani zotchuka kwambiri ndi zothandiza.
Zidetsedwe ndi njenjete nthiti imatuluka mumng'oma ndipo imakhala yopanda mbozi Kuyika pa chimango ndi chisel kapena kanjedza. Tizilombo timatuluka kuchokera m'misasa ndikugwa pansi. Amawonongeka mwamsanga, ndipo maselo owonongeka amasungunuka pa sera yaiwisi.
Ming†™ oma amatetezedwa motetezedwa ndi kuwombera pamtunda wa mkati mwa njuchi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tcherani khutu ku mng'oma.
Zogwira mtima Kuchepetsa maselo okhudzidwa ndi asidi asidi 80% pa mlingo wa 200 ml pa 1 mita imodzi. Mulu wa uchi umayikidwa mu ming'oma yaulere, nsalu yofewa kapena ubweya wa thonje woviika mu viniga umaikidwa pamwamba, kuphimba nkhaniyo ndi denga ndikukulunga chinthu chonse ndi filimu, osasiya mipata.
Vinyo wa viniga, omwe ndi olemetsa kuposa mpweya, amathamanga chisa cha uchi, kuwononga tizilombo pamsewu wawo panthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko chawo. Nyuchi zowonjezera m'madzi otchedwa acetic asidi masiku atatu (kutentha kwa 16 mpaka 18 ° C), ndiyeno mpweya wabwino. Mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 12-13.
Zotsatira zabwino zimabweretsa otsika komanso otentha processing processing. M'nyengo yozizira, mafelemuwa ali ndi mazira pa -10 ° C ndi pansipa kwa maola awiri.
M'chaka cha izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji mufiriji. Kutentha kwa sera kumawononganso ndi kutentha kwambiri - kuchokera 50 ° C ndipamwamba.
M'chaka, ming'oma yokonzedwa ndi yokonzedwa imayikidwa mabokosi ang'onoang'ono. naphthalene (mwachitsanzo, machesi), kuika kumanzere kapena kumalo olowera. Panthawi yachitsulo chachikulu cha uchi, chinthucho chimachotsedwa, ndipo mutatha kusonkhanitsa ndipo uchi umasankhidwa, naphthalene imayikidwa ming'oma.
Zakhudzidwa koma zimayenera uchi umatha kuchiritsidwa ndi sulfure dioxide. Pochita izi, amaikidwa mu bokosi lotsekedwa, lotentha sulfure pamtunda wa 50 g pa cubic mita. Zitsamba zakutchire zimatchulidwa motere kawiri: nthawi yachiwiri mu 10, ndi yachitatu mu masiku 20..
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Mukamagwira ntchito ndi sulfure dioxide, mlimi ayenera kusamala kuti achoke m'chipinda mwamsanga atangomva fodya.
Amathandiza kuwononga tizirombo kupanga maselo ndi kukonzekera kwa chilengedwe "Biosife" - mankhwala opangidwa ndi ufa ndi spores wa bacilli tourigenzis. Chidacho chimagwira ntchito kokha pa mbozi yama sera njenjete.
Zomwe zili mu vialazi zimachepetsedwera ndi madzi ozizira theka la lita imodzi pamtunda wa 30 ml pa piritsi, ndiyeno maselo omwe amachotsedwa mumng'oma amathiridwa ndi iwo. Kutchulidwa zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimapezeka tsiku limodzi ndipo zimatha chaka..
Njira zamakono zomwe zimathandiza kulimbana bwino sera sera njenjete kugwiritsa ntchito thymol. Thupi lomwe limatsanuliridwa m'matumba a gauze limayikidwa masiku asanu ndi awiri (5-10) mumng'oma, ndikuyiika pamutu.
Mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala - kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 g pa njuchi. Njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwa kawiri, komabe, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 26 ° C ndipo pamwambapa, thymol iyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga mumng'oma.
Kusunga zisa gwiritsani ntchito chida "Antimol" ("Paradichlorobenzene") mwa chiwerengero cha 150 g pa 1 mita imodzi yamitala. Phale limodzi "Antimoli" lili ndi 8 g.
Thupi limayikidwa pakati pa maselo omwe ali mu bokosi lotsekedwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito zisa, ziyenera kuyambika kwa sabata kapena patali pang'ono.
Chinthu china chotsutsana ndi njenjete - "Axomolin"Zakuchikidwe zimayikidwa mumng'oma, pamwamba pa chimango chimatanthauza mapiritsi 10 pa thumba. Thupi la mng'oma limatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi kanema. Pambuyo pokonza, maselo amakhala mpweya wabwino kwa masiku 1-2.
Moth moth wax ndi mdani woopsa, koma mungathe kupirira. Pochita khama komanso mwakhama pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mutha kugonjetsa mwachidwi, ndipo njira zothandizira zingathandize kuthandizira zotsatira.
Zida zothandiza
- Fufuzani momwe kuli mitundu ina ya moths: zovala, chakudya ndi ena. Kodi mungachite nawo motani?
- Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi malo otani olimbana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana?
- Kodi mankhwala ndi zotani zothandizira moths?
