Pa masamba a orchid pamasamba - choti achite

Orchid ndi chomera chakunja chomwe chatchuka posachedwa ndi okonda maluwa. Ndikuphwanya chisamaliro, chomera chimataya zokopa zake mwachangu. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imawonekera pamasamba a orchid. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa mawanga ndi zomwe mungathane nazo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mawanga pamasamba

Pa orchid, mawanga pamasamba ndi chizindikiro kuti mmera wadwala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kulowa kwa matenda kumachitika mosiyanasiyana:

• Mwina chomera sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, gawo lake linali zinziri komanso kupangika. Mizu ya Orchid imasowa mpweya, ndiye mbewuyo yayamba kufooka.
• Palibe ngalawa pansi pa maluwa, chinyezi chochulukirapo chimadziunjikira, kudzimva kumachitika. Mizu yake imanyowa, kuvunda, ndipo mawanga amdima amawoneka pamasamba. Ndikofunika kupatsira zina, mutachotsa ziwalo zonse zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.
• Kuuma kwambiri kwa mpweya kungayambitsenso matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Zomwe zili ndi orchid

• Orchid amakonda kwambiri kuwala, koma kuwunika mwachindunji kumatha kuyambitsa chikasu pamaso. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kukonzanso maluwa ku malo ena.
• Kukongola kwachilendo kumafuna malo ambiri aulere. Ngati maluwa ali pafupi kwambiri, duwa limakhala wopanda mpweya. Mutha kuyika chomera pafupi ndi zenera lotseguka - zolembedwa zimaperekedwa chifukwa chake.

Ngati mumvetsetsa chomwe chinapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ithe kufooka, mutha kuneneratu nthawi yobwezeretsa komanso kuyambiranso maluwa.

Matenda a Orchid

Mitundu yazokongoletsa

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa ntchito amachenjeza kuti mawanga omwe amawoneka pamaluwa a orchid ndiye chizindikiro choyamba kuti duwa limadwala. Ngati mutayang'ana zikhalidwe zomwe zakhudzidwa, mutha kuwona kuti mawanga amabwera mumtundu wosiyanasiyana.

Madontho a bulauni

Madontho a bulauni kapena bulauni pamasamba amatha kukhala owuma, onyowa, amafuta. Malo owuma akuwonetsa chinyezi chachikulu mchipinda chomwe orchid amakulira. Njira yofalikira mawanga amdima imathamanga: kuyang'ana kwambiri, komwe kumatha kuchotsedwa pokhapokha ndikuchotsa zidutswa zowonongeka za mtengowo.

Malo akuda

Pa orchid, madontho akuda pamasamba angatanthauze imodzi mwazifo ziwiri: chlorosis kapena vuto lakumapeto. Ndikapundula mochedwa, masamba amasintha mtundu kawiri. Choyamba zimayamba zofiirira kenako zimachita khungu. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri. Ndi chlorosis, masamba ofiira amayamba kuzimiririka ndikugwa. Mukapanda kusintha kayendedwe ka masamba, matendawa amatenga, ndipo chomera chimafa.

Mawanga achikasu

Mawonekedwe achikasu pamasamba a orchid amatha kukhala osiyana. Madontho ang'onoang'ono amawotcha dzuwa. Mwachiwonekere, duwa la maluwa anali pang'onopang'ono. Amatha kuzimiririka ngati chidebe chokhala ndi duwa chimakonzedwanso m'malo abwino. Ngati mawanga achikasu ndi ochepa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamakhala pa orchid.

Pali mawanga achikasu pa orchid

Malo ena otheka

Tizilomboti timatsamba ta maluwa okongola sitimangokhala achikaso, chakuda kapena chofiirira, komanso mitundu ina.

Malo oyera pamasamba a orchid akuwonetsa kuti mabakiteriya akhazikika pamtengowo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa powdery hlobo. Imafalikira kuchokera pansi kupita kumtunda: masamba, masambawo nkuphimba, ndipo mizu imakhudzidwa ndi yomaliza.

Nthawi zina mawanga ofiira owoneka bwino amasamba. Amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha mavuto osiyanasiyana. Umu ndi momwe amayaka kuchokera m'magetsi owala dzuwa. Nthawi zina mawanga owala ndi chizindikiro cha matenda, mwachitsanzo, anthracnose kapena zowola zofiirira. Tizilombo tikalowetsa nkhanu kapena kangaude, duwa imathanso kuphimbidwa ndi malo omwewo.

Akufuna chithandizo

Zoyambitsa Mabala

Kuwaza masamba pa chomera kumachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake ma virus, bacteria kapena fungal matenda amadziwonetsa. Nthawi zina chifukwa chake chimakhala kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya pamalo pomwe poto wa maluwa amakhala. Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake mawanga amawonekera pamasamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti matenda a orchid ndi otani.

Wowonera bakiteriya

Mabala omwe ali ndi bakiteriya amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana potengera matendawo ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana:

• Ngati pali masamba akuda pa orchid pamasamba, ndiye mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya amtundu wa Bacillus. Poyamba, mitundu ya mawanga ndi yachikasu kapena yoyera, ndipo imakhala yakuda patapita nthawi.
• Ngati mawanga ndi onyowa, a bulauni, maonekedwe awo amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amtundu wa Pseudomonas, Erwinia kapena Burkholderia gladioli.

Kuwonetsedwa ndi kutentha kochepa

Kukongola kum'mwera ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo sikumatha kutentha kuposa 28 ° C. Kutentha kwenikweni chifukwa cha kutukuka kwake ndi 20-25 ° C. Mtengowo umatha kumera pa 15 ° C, koma kenako umayamba kudwala.

Ndi kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi chachikulu, mawanga pamasamba amaluwa amawoneka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zowola za bakiteriya. Poyamba amakhala amadzi, kenako ndimdima ndikukula.

Matenda a Virchid

Nthawi zina duwa, monga munthu, limatenga kachilombo kavairasi. Kachilomboka kakhoza kukhala pa thunthu kapena kuchoka kwa nthawi yayitali, osadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse. Moyo wa chomera ukangokulira (kusintha kwa kutentha, chinyezi, kusamukira kumalo atsopano), kachilomboka amayamba kugwira ntchito, amayamba kuchulukana kwambiri ndipo amakhudza maluwa omwe ali pafupi.

Kuti mupewe matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, maluwa amkati amafunika kuthandizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi fungicides.

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi

Matendawa amaphatikizapo anthracnose (powdery mildew). Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi kuphatikiza kofewa kwamtundu wazoyera pamasamba a chomera. Kenako amauma ndikugwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimayambitsanso chinyezi komanso kutentha kwambiri.

The chitukuko cha anthracnose:

• mawanga akuda amawoneka pamasamba;
• Amakula ndi kuphimba tsamba lonse;
• kutuluka.

Momwe mungasungire orchid ngati pali mawanga

Tizilombo ta Orchid

Chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sikuti timawoneka pa maluwa, komanso timitengo tamatata pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri tizilombo timakhala ngati ogawa matenda opatsirana. Tizilombo ta maluwa timaphatikizira: nyansi, mphutsi ndi mizu, nsabwe za m'masamba, nsungu ndi udzu wa bowa.

Chotchinga

Tizilombo timene timakhala pamtengo kapena pansi pa masamba, chifukwa ndi omwe ma tubercles amapanga. Kotero tizilombo timateteza mazira, pomwe anthu atsopano amatuluka ndikufalikira kumera wonsewo. Tizilombo timayamwa timadziti, kuphimba ndi tsamba ndi zomata. Awa ndi malo abwino kwambiri owoneka ngati bowa wa soot, amene amatchingira timinyewa ta duwa. Zotsatira zake, mmera umamvanso mpweya wabwino.

Mutha kusunga orchid ngati mutachotsa machubu onse ndikuwathira mankhwala othandizira omwe ali ndi m'mimba. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomeracho chimamwa poizoni ndipo chimadzakhalanso chiphe chake. Scale, woyamwa mkaka, umapatsa poizoni ndikufa. "Zingwe" zouma zimachotsedwa ndi chotsukira mano, ndikuzikonzanso.

Pa maluwa

Mitima

Ngati ma mealybugs ang'ono atakhazikika pa orchid, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa. Microscopically, majeremusi amabisala mu masamba, ochulukitsa ndi mphutsi. Nyongolotsi imalowetsa mphukirayo ndi ulusi, ndikumalumikiza kumtengowo kuti anthu oswedwa azitha kudya. Tizilombo ta maluwa akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zimayamwa msuzi wa maluwa. Mawanga ang'onoang'ono amakhalabe pamasamba. Chomera chofooka chimalephera kukana matenda. Mutha kuwononga tizilombo ndi tizilombo tomwe timalowa m'matumbo am'mimba.

Ndikosavuta kuchiza mbewuzo ngati nyongolayo yakhazikika pamizu. Nyongolotsi ikufanana ndi mealy, koma yaying'ono kukula. Ndizosatheka kuwona tizilombo pansi pa dothi, koma kupezeka kwake kungaweruzidwe ndi masamba omwe agwa, mawanga achikasu pa iwo komanso kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mbale chifukwa chosowa zakudya.

Ma nsabwe

Ngati mabala akumata pa maluwa amawoneka m'maluwa, ndiye chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo timachulukana kwambiri mwachangu, timadya maselo a cell, motero masamba owonongeka amakhala pabwino. Pambuyo pake, bowa amapangika pa iwo. Tizilombo tobiriwira pang'ono timalumikizana ndi masamba, kuti poyamba sangazindikire. Masamba akayamba kupindika pamtengowo, muyenera kumveka mawu. Limbana ndi tizilombo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala opatsirana kapena mankhwala azitsamba.

Tizilombo Chatsopano - Aphid

Whitefly

Maonekedwe oyera pamasitamba ndi zimayambira zikuwoneka ndi zoyera, kachilombo kofanana ndi njenjete. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi oopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chimayamwa mankhwalawo kuchokera ku ma orchid. Ngati gulugufe atawuluka pafupi ndi duwa, ndikofunikira kusamutsira kumalo abwino, kuwaza ndi poizoni ndikukulunga mchikwama kuti apange greenhouse.

Udzudzu wa udzudzu

Kumayambiriro koyambira, udzudzu wa bowa (ma sciarids) ukhoza kuwoneka m'maluwa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa choti nthawi ya kasupe ikatentha kwambiri, dothi silikuuma bwino, limayamba kuzizira m'chipindacho. Kuwononga udzudzu, ndikofunikira kupukuta dothi kapena kusinthanitsa ndi watsopano ndikudzaza ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuthira dothi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Spotted matenda kupewa

Orchid ndi kukongola moody. Ndikwabwino kuzisamalira tsiku ndi tsiku (kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, kuthirira, kudyetsa) kusiyana ndi kuchiza matenda. Njira zopewera zingathandize kuti duwa likhale labwino:

• Kutsatira ndi regimen kudyetsa. Muyenera kugula feteleza wapadera, pa paketi pomwe pali cholembedwa "Kwa ma orchid." Simungagwiritse ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe wazomera zam'mimba, chifukwa ali ndi nayitrogeni yambiri, yomwe sioyenera banja la orchid.
• Kutsirira moyenerera. Orchid ndi hygroscopic, koma salola chinyezi chambiri. Iyenera kuthiriridwa pokhapokha dothi litauma bwino (pamenepa, mphika wamaluwa umakhala wopepuka). M'dziko lino, mizu ndi yoyera. Duwa lokhala ndi maluwa limayikidwa mchombo chachikulu, chotseredwa ndi madzi ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi 30 kuti mizu yake imadzaza ndi chinyezi. Kuthirira ayenera kumwa madzi ofunda ndi mchere wochepa.
• Kuyatsira panthawiyi mchipindacho. Mtengowo umafunikira kufalitsidwa kokwanira, koma salola kusanja.
• Kuwala kokwanira. Orchid ndi chomera chachikulu chomwe chimafuna kuwunikira kowonjezerapo nthawi yachisanu.
• Kupatsirana pafupipafupi. Muyenera kuchita izi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Monga dothi, dothi lapadera la ma orchid ndiloyenera.

Yakwana nthawi yosinthira duwa

Orchid ndi chomera chomwe chingakondweretse kukongola kwake kwazaka makumi angapo. Kuti masamba amtundu wosiyana asakhale pamasamba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osamalira (kuthirira, kutentha, kuyatsa) ndikuteteza duwa ku tizirombo.