Chilimwe chili chonse, alimi amayamba kulima zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe amakonda kwambiri, kuphatikizapo chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ali ndi vuto linalake kuteteza mbewu zawo ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Komanso, ngakhale chilimwe chozizira nthawi zambiri chimapangitsa kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo, motero, imadziwika ndi mvula yambiri, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri thanzi la zomera zina.
Chimodzi mwa chokhumudwitsa kwambiri ndi chachilendo ku madera akumidzi kumadera a matendawa, omwe amachitira makamaka tomato, ndi phytophthora (fitoftoroz). Ndipo lero ife tidzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito tomato ku phytophtoras otseguka pansi kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi zomwe mankhwala ochiritsira ali bwino.
Kodi matendawa ndi chiyani?
Phytophthora ndi matenda aakulu a m'munda wamaluwa, causative wothandizira amene ali bowa Phytophthora infestans. Nthawi zambiri tomato amavutika ndi bowawu, koma pakhala pali matenda ndi mbewu monga strawberries komanso nkhaka. Zili zosavuta kufufuza zizindikiro zoopsa pa ndiwo zamasamba: Zokwanira kuti zisonyeze pamwamba pa phwetekere za phwetekere pang'onopang'ono zikufutukula mawanga a mthunzi wobiriwira wonyezimira, umene umakula mofulumira nthawi yamvula. 
"Blots" zoterezi zimayamba kuonekera pa masamba a phwetekere patangopita masiku atatu patatha kachilombo, ndipo kenako, malinga ndi nyengo, zimapangitsa kuti mphukira izifa. Komanso, pazitsamba zimakhala zotheka kuona pang'ono pang'onopang'ono maluwa akuphulika, ndi zipatso - zowonongeka komanso zimakhala ndi mdima wakuda, zomwe zidzakula pang'onopang'ono pazomera zonsezo.
Pezani chifukwa chake masamba akutembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa mu tomato, momwe mungagwirire ndi top rot ndi powdery mildew pa tomato.
Palibe munthu yemwe ali ndi inshuwalansi motsutsana ndi vuto lakumapeto kwa munda, koma zifukwa zina ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa azichitika:
- nyengo yozizira ndi mvula yambiri;
- kulephera kutsatira malamulo oyenera a kutentha (mu malo obiriwira) a tomato;
- Kuphika tomato ndi filimu yozizira pa kusintha kwa kutentha (usana ndi usiku) kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a condensate, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale phytophthora.
Mukudziwa? Mudziko mulibe kontinenti imodzi yopanda phytophthora mtundu - 70 Mitundu yake imatha kusokoneza ndi kuwononga mwachangu zomera zonse zodziwika.
Mankhwala a anthu
Pakalipano, msika wa pakhomo uli ndi katundu wambiri wothandizira mankhwala omwe angathe kuthana ndi vuto lopweteka kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali amachedwa kuchepetsa imfa yomwe sitingapeŵe, chifukwa sichitha kugonjetsa nthendayi yomwe yapezeka.
Koma monga momwe zakhalira, zowonongeka mochedwa zikhoza kupeŵedwa palimodzi - kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira kutenga njira zothandizira pa nthawi, zomwe zimakhala zakale, zatsimikiziridwa pazochitika zakale za anthu.
Ndipo kuti mudziwe ndondomeko zomwe zidzakuthandizani polimbana ndi vuto la tomato pa tomato m'madera otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha, timayang'ana ku mfundo zotsatirazi.
Garlic ndi Manganese
Njira yodziwika bwino ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi adyo nthawi yayitali yakhala njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli. Njira yamakono yokonzekera ndi yophweka, ndipo mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amathandiza kwambiri. Kuti mukonzekeretse yankho lanu, muyenera kuchita masitepe:
- Mu chopukusira nyama, 100 magalamu a adyo ndi minced, ndi ziwalo zake kamodzi: masamba, anyezi ndi mivi.
- Madontho a adyo amathiridwa ndi galasi la madzi oyera ndikusiya maola 24 kutentha, pamalo ouma ndi ozizira.
- Musanagwiritse ntchito mcherewu ndi madzi (10 malita).
- Ndikofunika kuti utulutse tomato patangotha masabata awiri mutakhala bata.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pali zovuta zowola zipatso za phytophtoras musanayambe kucha, ndibwino kuti muzitenge, zikanike m'madzi (kutentha - 35° С) ndi potaziyamu permanganate kwa theka la ora, ndiye zouma ndi kuwalola kuti zipse pamalo otseguka, mwachitsanzo, pawindo.
Udzu kulowetsedwa
Ngati mwasankha udzu wolowetsedwa ngati chida choletsa kupweteka kochedwa, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti chofunikira chachikulu chiyenera kuvunda (udzu kapena udzu). Udzu umatsanulidwa ndi malita khumi a madzi, pang'ono urea amawonjezeredwa ku osakaniza, ndiyeno amaperekedwa kwa masiku atatu. 
Kenaka tincture yomalizidwayo imasankhidwa bwino ndipo imapangidwanso ndi tomato milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Osati tomato, mbatata, kabichi ndi mbewu zina za m'munda, komanso nyumba zapakhomo zimadwala phytophtorosis, komanso spatifilum, kalanchoe, violets, gloxinia, ndi azalea.
Whey
Whey wakhala akudziwikiratu kuti adakhalapo ndi nyengo ya chilimwe chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zosagonjetsedwa pakamenyana ndi phytophthora bowa: imapanga filimu yoonda kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kumva pamasamba a phwetekere zomwe zimalepheretsa tizilombo toopsya kuti tisalowe mu minofu ya masamba ndikuyika mizu yawo kumeneko.
Matenda a fungal osiyanasiyana amayesera "kudutsa" zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi seramu, chifukwa mabakiteriya a mkaka ndi microflora omwe ali mmenemo amawavulaza. Koma njira yothirira iyenera kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, osati kuiŵala, chifukwa seramu imakhala yaifupi ndipo imataya msanga mankhwala ake. Zina mwazinthu zimanena kuti ndizomwe zimayambira masiku asanu ndi awiri zomwe zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, koma zokhudzana ndi zomwe agronomists ambiri ndi wamaluwa akukumana nazo, tinatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, ngakhale tsiku lililonse. Koma, kuti agwiritse ntchito seramu chifukwa cha cholinga chake, icho chiyenera kuyamba choyamba kukhala njira yothetsera - chifukwa ichi chimachepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1. Mwa njira iyi, n'zotheka kuti musamapangidwe mosamala tomato kudwala-fated phytophtoras onse mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi pamalo omasuka.
Mkaka ndi ayodini
Palibe zodabwitsa anthu ambiri olima amaluso tomatoamaona kuti ndibwino kupewa kuchokera phytophthora processing zomera ndi yankho la mkaka ndi iodini, chifukwa mankhwala ake ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti amapha mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa matenda, koma amathandizanso kuti zipatso za tomato zifulumire komanso zabwino kwambiri. 
Kukonzekera kwa njira yothetsera vutoli kumafuna hafu yokha ya chikho cha mkaka, madzi oyera ndi madontho angapo a ayodini (popanda kuwonjezeranso, akhoza kuwotcha masamba). Mkaka ndi ayodini amaphatikizidwa ku madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndiye kuti mankhwala osakanikirana ayenera kuperekedwa mosamala pa malo onse osatetezedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pakuti apamwamba dzuwa, processing wa tomato ku phytophthora ndi ayodini ayenera alternated ndi processing ndi adyo tincture.
Saline yankho
Ngati mutapeza zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa tomato yakucha, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kupereka zipatso za phwetekere zomwe sizinawoneke kuti zipse ndi kukolola mofulumira.
Pachifukwachi, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse, njira yowonjezera ya mchere imakhala yoyenera: imathandiza kuti zimayambira kuchotsa masamba okhudzidwa mwamsanga, motero zimapereka nthawi yowonjezera ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kuti chipatsocho chifulumizitse, komanso chimakwirira chonse chomera ndi filimu yamchere. zimachepetsa kwambiri chitukuko cha matenda a fungal. Kukonzekera kwake kumagwiritsa ntchito 100 g mchere pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. 
M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti malo odwala okha ndi zomera angathe kuthirizidwa ndi saline, chifukwa akhoza kuvulaza mbewu zina.
Kefir
Kwa nthawi yayitali bowa zowonjezereka zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi kefir. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino, muyenera kuyamba kukonza njira yothetsera, yomwe ili ndi 1 l ya kefir ndi 5 malita a madzi. Tomato ndi chida ichi chiyenera kuyambitsidwa kupopera masiku 14 mutabzala mbande pa gawo lokhalitsa, ndiyeno kusokoneza kumachitika kale sabata iliyonse.
Njira yothetsera
Pofuna kuwonongeka kwa spores, yomwe imayamba kuphuka pa nthaka ya phwetekere, njira yothetsera phulusa imakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zowononga mavitamini ndi kuwononga, kuphatikizapo bowa, matenda ena omwe amachititsa zomera. Izi tincture zakonzedwa mwamsanga ndi mosavuta: 250 ml ya phulusa amathiridwa ndi lita imodzi ya madzi, yophika pamoto kwa mphindi 15. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumasankhidwa mosamalitsa, ndipo kenaka 10 malita a madzi amawonjezeredwa.
Tsopano muyenera kusamalira njira yothetsera kupopera kwa tchire kukonza zotsatira za matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: 6 malita a phulusa amasakanizidwa bwino ndi khumi malita a madzi, kenako osakaniza amaima pamalo amdima kwa masiku osachepera atatu. 
Kupopera mbewu ya phwetekere ayenera kuchitidwa katatu, yoyamba - pamene mbande imakula mu nthaka, yachiwiri - isanayambike maluwa, ndipo lachitatu - pamene mazira oyambirira akuwonekera.
Kupopera mankhwala
Kupopera mankhwala kumathandiza kwambiri ku tchire zomwe sizinachitikepo ndi phytophthora. Ndizodabwitsa, koma zimangochitika kuti bowa ikhoza kukhala cholepheretsa kukula kwa bowa wina wovulaza, makamaka chifukwa cha vutoli.
Mitundu ina ya phwetekere imakhala yotsutsa phytophthora: "Katya", "Bearded," "Raspberry Giant", "Dubrava", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Batyana", "Budenovka", "Gina", "Honey Drop".
Kubzala kuyenera kuthiridwa pa nthawi ya zipatso, tsiku lililonse masiku 10 kumayambiriro, makamaka nyengo yamtendere ndi yopanda mphepo. Njira yokonzekera yankho la grout ndi izi: bowa wouma (100 g) wathyoledwa mu chopukusira nyama ndikudzaza ndi madzi otentha, mutatha kutentha kwathunthu, osakaniza ndi osakanizidwa, ndipo njira yomweyo imakhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. 
Mkuwa
Asayansi a ku Germany abwera ndi njira yosangalatsa yothetsera vuto lochedwa: Ili ndikulumikiza mizu ya mbande ndi waya wonyezimira. Agronomists athu adasintha njirayi mwa njira yawo - adayambitsa kuti aphe tsinde la chitsamba ndi waya. Njirayo imayang'ana zachilendo, koma imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri: chifukwa cha microdose yamkuwa ya chitsamba, chlorophyll imakhazikika, ndipo njira yolumikizira oyenerera imabwezeretsedwa. 
Koma nkofunika kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kotereku kungatheke pokhapokha pa phwetekere.
Njira yofotokozera zamkuwa ikuchitika pang'onopang'ono:
- Mkuwa wochepa kwambiri wamkuwa umakonzedwa ndi mphalapala kapena umatayidwa, kenaka uduladutswa tating'ono ting'ono 3 cm.
- Kuthamanga kwa tsinde sikuchitika pansi, koma patali pafupifupi masentimita 10.
- Wiring'onong'onong'ono amalowetsedwa mu tsinde, mapeto ake akugwera pansi.
- Pukuta tsinde sizingatheke.
Mukudziwa? Munthu woyamba amene anapeza kuti phytophthora akuwopa mkuwa anali wosadziwika, wolemba nkhani mwaluso (mwatsoka, dzina lake silinasungidwebe m'mbiri). Koma molondola chifukwa cha zimene anaona, anthu anaona kuti bowa losaoneka sichidziwonekera pafupi ndi zitsulo zamkuwa, ndipo a ku Germany amatha kupatsidwa mavoti tsopano kudziwika kwa ife njira yopulumutsa ndi waya.
Yiti
Pa gawo loyambirira, yisiti yochuluka kwambiri ya wophika mkate ndi yabwino kuthetsa vuto lochedwa. Pofuna kupopera mankhwala, magalamu 100 a mankhwalawa ndi okwanira, omwe ayenera kusungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. Ndiye yankho liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholinga chake. 
Kupewa
Chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa tomato, mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso pamalo otseguka ndi njira ina yowonongeka, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala omwewo. Ngati mukuyesera kuchita njira zonsezi, mudzatha kuiwala za vuto lochedwa mochedwa kwa kanthawi. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Kupewa ndi koyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro koyamba kubzala: chifukwa ichi muyenera kukonza mbeu za masamba. Kawirikawiri mbewu zimalowetsedwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 20 kapena 30.
- Tengani mmwamba mitundu yoyambirira yochepetsetsa bowa.
- Pofuna kubzala mbande, kukonzekera tomato, maenje ayenera kuchitidwa ndi mkuwa sulfate (1 tbsp pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Onetsetsani mtunda wabwino pakati pa malo otsetsereka (osachepera 30 cm).
- Pamene zipatso za woyamba burashi zikuwonekera pa tchire, m'pofunika kuchotsa m'munsi masamba.
- Kuwunika maonekedwe a pamwamba pa tchire la maluwa ndi maburashi - ndizofunikira kuti muwawononge nthawi.
