Kudzetsa - Chaka chilichonse cruciferous, mbewu yomwe yabzalidwa kwa zaka zoposa sikwi zikwi.
Kukonzekera dothi ndi feteleza kuti apulumuke
Chigololo chimakula bwino pa chernozems ndi pang'ono asidi anachita. Nthaka muzolowera ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino namsongole, monga momwe chitukuko chimakhalira, mbande zimaletsedwa mothandizidwa ndi namsongole. Pa dothi lolemera, kulima kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha kukula kwa chimbudzi chachikulu, nthaka yowonjezereka imamasulidwa, mitsempha yaing'ono imathyoledwa ndipo nthaka yodzaza ndi mpweya. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuti chitukuko cha mbeu chizikula, ndipo chimakhala ndi nthaka ya mbeu. Kwa kugwiriridwa kwa nyengo yozizira, ngakhale nthaka yokhala ndi zochepa zazing'ono zimakhala zofunika, pakuti izi, pambuyo polima mozama, nthaka imalumikizidwa ndi alimi mpaka kukula kwa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Ntchito izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mofulumira kuti nthaka iume.
Mpaka makumi atatu peresenti ya zakudya za canola zimachokera ku nthaka, zakudya zina zonse zimayenera kuperekedwa mineral ndi feteleza. Eya, ngati mankhwalawa ayambitsidwa pansi pa chikhalidwe choyambirira. Kuti kukula kwa mbande ndi zokolola zazikulu za rapele zipangidwe nitrogen. Ndi chithandizo cha phosphorus chomera rosettes chaikidwa, komanso mizu. Potaziyamu mankhwala kusintha kaphatikizidwe ka minofu yowonongeka, kuonjezera kukana kuzizira.
Mbewu yokonzekera kufesa
Mbeu zowonongeka sizikufunika kuti zipse nthawi yayitali mutatha kukolola, zokwanira kuti zikhale zoyera ndi zouma. Masabata awiri asanafese, mbewu zimatengedwa ndi Royalfla (lita 30 pa thani ya mbewu).
Mbewu zoyenera kubzala zikhale ndi makhalidwe awa:
- Mbeu 1000 kulemera kuchokera 3 mpaka 7 g;
- chiyero 96-98%;
- kumera mpaka 96%;
- chinyezi sichiposa 12%.
Mukudziwa? Canola imadziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 4000 BC. Asayansi amatsutsa za chiyambi chake, monga kugwiriridwa kumtunda sikukula.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira rapse
Kubwezetsa mutatha kubzala bwino, kusanala kufesa ndi kufesa nthaka, kumasowa kusamala mosamala. Manyowa ndi ofunika kwambiri pa kukula kwa mphukira: izi ndi zinthu monga sulufu, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, mkuwa, zinc ndi cobalt. Mwachitsanzo, popanda boron, tsinde la mbewu limakula, ndipo maluwa imachedwa, ndipo popanda sulufule, nyembazo zimatha kuyamba. Choncho, pakusiya zinthu zosowa zimapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe.
Kugwiriridwa kwa dzinja
Nthaŵi yoyenera yofesa mbewu za rapesi yozizira imachitikira kumapeto kwa August. Pofika m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimakhala ndi masentimita 25 ndipo masamba pafupifupi 8. Mphukira yoteroyo imatha kuwonjezereka popanda zotsatira. Zokolola za nyengo yozizira zimakula bwino pa nthaka yokhala ndi feteleza kapena nthaka yamchenga. Dothi losavuta silikumutsatira iye, komanso mchere wambiri. Mukhoza kukonzekera chiwembu mothandizidwa ndi wolima kapena Fokin Kuwerengera mbewu: 200 g pa 100 mita mamita. M) Kukula kwa kufesa ndi pafupifupi 3 cm, pakati pa mizere - 30 cm.
Kugwiriridwa kwapakati
Pofesa kugwiriridwa mu kasupe, zimatentha kutentha kwa nthaka. Pa kuya kwa kubzala nthaka ayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa -5 mpaka -7 ° C. Zikatero, mbewu sizimenyedwa ndi tizirombo ndipo zimatha kupikisana ndi namsongole. Kugwiriridwa kwapakati kumafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ndi njira yochepa yofesa njira, kuya kwake ndi 2 cm, m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ndi masentimita 15. Kuwonjezera apo, kukula kwake kwazomera ndi zidutswa 120 pa mita imodzi.
Udzu, kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Ngati kugwiriridwa kubzalidwa, nkofunika kuthetsa udzu, koma osati kuti mbewu za m'mundawu sizikhalabe, ndipo sizidzaphuka pamodzi ndi mbande za kugwiriridwa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi zochitika za namsongole: "Butizan", "Fusilad" ndi "Lontrel" (amathandiza ndi kulamulira kwa wakuda mutu ndi bedstraw).
Tizilombo toopsya kwambiri kuti tigwirire ndi nthata komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Polimbana ndi tizilombo timathandiza mankhwala "Alpha", "Decis" ndi "Fastak." Panthawi ya kukula ndi chitukuko, zomera zimakhala ndi matenda a fungalomu, monga Alternaria, peronosporoz, sclerotinia. Pachifukwa ichi, nkofunika kuti upange mankhwala ophera fungicides.
Nthawi yokwanira yokolola rapesed
Kugwiririra kugwiriridwa kuli ndi zovuta zake: chifukwa zimamasula mofanana, zimakula nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Kutentha kwa nyengo yachisanu
Chifukwa cha kuphulika kosagwirizana, pali kuthekera kwa kutayika mbewu inayake, monga momwe nyemba zosungira zimayambira. Kubwezeretsa kumakololedwa mwachindunji kuphatikiza (pazing'ono zazing'ono zopanda mafakitale, gwiritsani ntchito Fokin). Kukolola kumayamba kukhwima kwathunthu, chinyezi cha mbeu chiyenera kukhala cha 9 mpaka 12%. Pa mlingo wapansi kumawonjezera imfa. Kuti mbewu zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi kucha, kuyeretsa kosiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbewu imayenera kukhala ya 35 mpaka 45%, nyembazo ndizobiriwira.
Kugwiriridwa kwapakati
Kukolola mofulumira kwa nyengo kumakhala kofanana ndi kukolola nyengo yozizira. Ngati malo obwezeretsedwa ali ovala kwambiri ndi chamomile kapena bedi, kubzala kumaphatidwa ndi odzola. Kupopera mbewu kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa kucha ("Basta") kapena kukhwima ("Reglon"). Mlungu umodzi mutatha njirayi, mukhoza kuyamba kuyeretsa. Mitengo ya chinyontho iyenera kukhala 20%.
Chenjerani! Ndibwino kuti muyeretsedwe kansalu kakang'ono ka 5 masentimita pansi pa mtengo waukulu kwambiri. Mbewu imakhala yochepa chinyezi kuchokera ku udzu.
Zotsatira za rapese pa nthaka
Pali lingaliro lakuti canola imapha nthaka. Izo siziri. Ubwino wofesa kugwiriridwa:
- mwamsanga amasula mmunda
- kumachepetsa nthaka, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutentha kwa madzi ndi mphepo, kumachepetsa kuperewera kwa udzu,
Chomera ichi chimapangitsa nthaka kupanga: Mchitidwe wa kugwiririra umatulutsa pansi kwambiri, umatenga nitrates ndipo umapangitsa kukolola kwa mbewu. Mitengo yozizira, mutatha kukolola, imasiya zitsamba zakufa m'nthaka, feteleza. Canola imawononga zowola, zomwe zimakhudza mizu ya zomera. Chomera ndicho chokonzekera bwino kwa tirigu, omwe zipatso zake zimakula popanda mtengo wapadera.
Kusungirako mofulumira
Pambuyo kukolola, mbewu zowonongeka zimayenera kutsukidwa ndi zouma. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mafuta kumakhudzanso kusungirako. Kwa yosungirako nthawi zonse muyenera kuuma mpaka 8-9% chinyezi. Amatsuka mbewu kuchokera ku zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zobiriwira. Pofuna kupanga sieve pang'ono, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ndi malo osungira, osati ndi mabowo ozungulira. Pezani chinyezi ndi zowonjezera kutentha kapena mafani.
Pamwamba pa chinyezi mumbewu, zimakhala zotentha kwambiri. Pa chinyezi cha 12%, kutentha kumafunika kufika pa 65 ° C. Pambuyo kuyanika, nyemba zimafunika kuti zikhale utakhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako. M'minda yomwe mulibe dryers ndi machitidwe amphamvu a mpweya wabwino, mbewu zouma m'madera akuluakulu. Amachita nyengo yozizira, kufalitsa mbewu zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa masentimita asanu. Mbewu imayenera kutembenuzidwa kawirikawiri. Mbeu ziyenera kusungidwa mu chipinda chowotcha mpweya pamalo otentha pansi pa 5 ° C.
Kugwiritsira ntchito kugwiriridwa m'madera osiyanasiyana
Mafuta odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana a moyo wathu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina osindikizira, m'makampani a zikopa ndi nsalu, m'makampani, mankhwala ndi zaulimi.
Mafuta odzola - ubwino ndi kuvulaza
Mafuta opangidwa ndi rapese amafanana ndi mafuta. Lili ndi mafuta oyenera a mafuta, Omega 3, 6, 9 acids. Mafuta ali ndi vitamini E wambiri ndi linoleic acid. Omega imathandiza kupewa kupopera kwa mitsempha ya magazi, kuteteza kupezeka kwa magazi, kuchepetsa ma cholesterol plaques. Mavitamini omwewo ndi linoleic acid amachititsa ntchito ya mtima.
Vitamini E imachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chimalimbitsa ntchito zoteteza thupi. Kudya mafuta opatsirana mu zakudya kumathandizira m'mimba. Zopindulitsa zowonongeka ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa amayi. Mafutawo ali ndi hormone estradiol, yofanana ndi hormone yazimayi. Amachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha zilonda za m'mawere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abambo azigwira ntchito.
Choipa chachikulu ndi kupezeka kwa erucic acid mu mafuta. Koma masiku ano mafuta, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha zakudya, alibe mankhwala ochulukirapo. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opatsirana kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a chiwindi, ndizotheka kuti munthu azikhala osagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa.
Mu cosmetology
Kubwezeretsedwa mu cosmetology kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusamalidwa khungu ndi kuthetsa mavuto a dermatological. Ngati muwonjezera mafuta kumutu wosamalira tsitsi, iwo adzakhala okongola, onyezimira, amphamvu, owonongeka tsitsi adzabwezeretsedwa, ndipo ubongo udzatha.
Pofuna kuteteza khungu la nkhope ndi manja ku nyengo yozizira, sungani masks ndi kuwonjezera mafuta odzola. Maski a mafuta, mandimu ndi banki zimayeretsa khungu. Ngati mumapanga khofi yowonongeka kwa chigoba ichi, mumathamanga. Masks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira mafuta, abwezeretsanso ndikudyetsa khungu. Mothandizidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi rapes, mungathe kusamalira khungu, manja, khosi, nkhope ndi decolleté.
Rapeseed Biofuel
Chifukwa cha chilengedwe, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akukonza zosankha zazitsulo zopanda poizoni komanso zotetezedwa. Mafuta odzola kwambiri amatenga malo omwe amatsogoleredwa m'malo ano. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta amenewa kumachepetsa kumwa mafuta komanso kuwononga mlengalenga. Mtsogoleri wakupanga biodiesel rapeseed mafuta ndi Germany. Malo okwana mahekitala okwana milioni amapatsidwa kuti apitirize kubwezeretsedwa m'dzikomo, zomwe ziri pafupi 10% mwa nthaka yonse yaulimi.
Zosangalatsa Mtengo wa lita imodzi ya biofuel pa gesi ya Germany ndi 0,75 euro, poyerekeza, mafuta okwana madigiri 0,90 pa lita imodzi.
Kotero ndi chiyani mafuta a rapese? Inde - Izi ndizofunika kwambiri, makamaka mukawona kuti zokolola zake zimatenga 14 peresenti ya mafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chakudya cha anthu ndi zinyama, zipangizo zamakampani olemera komanso ochepa, chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha mankhwala ndi cosmetology ndipo potsiriza, mafuta omwe saipitsa mlengalenga ndipo amathandiza kupulumutsa mafuta osungirako mafuta padziko lapansi.
