Kufotokozera - masamba osatha okhala ndi masamba osalala, velvety. Ndi a banja la Gesneriaceae ndipo amakhala ku Mexico, Brazil ndi Antilles. M'dziko lathu, malongosoledwewo adakula ngati duwa lanyumba. Amakhala ngati tchire lowoneka bwino kapena mapika atali mumphika. Potengera zachilendo pamasamba ndi mtundu wawo, nthawi zina chimacho chimatchedwa "malawi a violet" kapena "duwa la peacock." Kuphatikiza pa kutulutsa kokhazikika kwa masamba owundana, kufotokozako kumasangalatsa ndi maluwa okongola. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imalola wobzala kuti asankhe mitundu yomwe amakonda kwambiri papangidwe pamasamba ndi maluwa.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Episia ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira chofewa. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi 15-20 cm, kukula pachaka ndi kochepa. Njira zina zamtsogolo zimapangidwa pa mphukira, ndipo ndikakhudzana ndi nthaka, mbewuyo imamera mizu mwachangu. Njira ya mafotokozedwe ikuyimiriridwa ndi zophukira za tuberous zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi masharubu oyang'ana.
Chojambula chokongoletsera chachikulu ndi masamba ake akuluakulu masamba a pubescent. Amakula pang'onopang'ono mosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga rosette yolimba. Pulogalamu yokhala ndi chowulungika chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwachindunji kapena chavy. Imaphimbidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mitsempha kapena, ndi mtsempha wamkati. Tsamba limakula kutalika kwa 5 cm masentimita, ndipo mulifupi masentimita 3 mpaka 10. Pamaso pake pamasamba ochepa minofu kumatha kupindika kwakukulu ndi mulu wofewa pang'ono kapena kukhalabe wonyezimira. Mtundu wa masamba kutengera mitundu, ndizosiyanasiyana. Pali mbewu zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira a monophonic kapena masamba a mtundu wina, wokhala ndi malire komanso magawo. Masamba amtunduwu amakhalabe pa mphukira kwa zaka zingapo, kotero mbewuyo imakhala yopanda tanthauzo ndikukhalanso okongoletsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Sikuti masamba amakopeka ndi malongosoledwe ake. Maluwa ake ofota amayamba kutulutsa mu Meyi komanso mpaka September. Amakhala ndi ma tubular okhala ndi ma petals asanu olekanitsidwa m'mphepete ndikugwada mwamphamvu. Maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira, wa pinki, wa lalanje, wachikasu kapena oyera. Kutalika kwa chubu chamaluwa ndi 3 masentimita, ndi mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 1.5-3 masentimita. Maluwa nawonso amakhala pansi. Mwa mitundu yina, m'mphepete mwa miyala mumakhala yokutidwa ndi cilia wautali. Maluwa amatulutsa maluwa ofupikira, osalimba, kapena masamba osakanika atatu.
Mitundu ya Kufotokozera
Mtundu wa mafotokozedwe siochulukirapo, uli ndi mitundu yayikulu 12 yokha. Zitatu mwa izo ndizotchuka kwambiri.
Ma clove ndi thupi. Chomera chokhala ndi mphukira zosinthika chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba opindika amtundu umodzi. Kutalika kwa pepala sikupitirira 3 cm ndi mulifupi masentimita awiri. Maluwa akuluakulu amodzi omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a gramophone adapakidwa zoyera. M'mphepete mwa nsanjazo amaphimbidwa, monga mphonje, yokhala ndi cilia yopota yayitali. Kutalika kwa chubu ndi kutalika kwa duwa kuli pafupifupi masentimita 5. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Seputembara.
Malongosoledwewo ndi amkuwa. Mawonedwe awa ali ndi kukula kokulirapo kuposa kale. Masamba amatalika pafupifupi 6-15 cm ndi 5-10 cm mulifupi kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala kwambiri ndipo amajambula utoto waofiirira. Mtundu wosiyanitsa bwino umapezeka m'mphepete. Mu Julayi-Seputembu, maluwa amodzi amakhala pachimake ndi 25 mm. Nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wofiira ndi malo achikasu mkati mwa chubu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Masheya a siliva - masamba ofewa obiriwira obiriwira ozungulira m'mphepete ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ofiirira;
- Blue Nile - pamasamba obiriwira obiriwira pakatikati pa mtengo wa azitona "Mtengo wa Khrisimasi", limamasula ndi maluwa a lavender;
- Pinki topazi - masamba ofiirira okhala ndi malo osuta a pinki ndi chingwe chopapatiza cha azitona m'mphepete;
- Kukongola kwa nkhalango - masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira ndipo amatulutsa maluwa ofiira;
- Wogulitsa Chocolate - pafupifupi tsamba lonse limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira komanso wowoneka bwino wamaso ambiri amtundu wabuluu, amaluwa amtundu wa maroon.
Mafotokozedwe akuwoneka. The herbaceous osatha limasiyanitsidwa ndi yaitali kusinthasintha zimayambira. Amabzala maolivi osachedwa kutalika masamba 8-10 cm komanso pafupifupi 3-5 cm. Mu Julayi-Seputembu, maluwa amodzi a axil amatuluka ndi miyala ya pinki. Zothandiza pakukula bwino.
Kubzala mbewu
Kufotokozaku kungafalitsidwe ndi njere, zodulidwa ndi matako a mwana wamkazi. Kufalitsa mbewu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Ndikofunikira kukonza chidebe chaching'ono ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka. Mbeu zazing'onoting'ono zimagawidwa pansi ndikuwakanikizira m'nthaka ndi wolamulira. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo abwino otentha. Nthaka imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso kupopera mankhwala. Mbande zosalimba zimawonekera patatha masiku 10-30. Pambuyo pake, pogona chimachotsedwa ndipo mbande zimamera pansi pa kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Akakula masamba awiri enieni, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono iwiri itatu limodzi. M'chaka choyamba, maluwa siziyembekezeka.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yosavuta yolerera yobereka ana. Amapangidwa nthawi zonse pamasamba osunthika. Ming'alu yaying'ono yokhala ndi mfundo zitatu ndimakonda kupendekera kuchokera ku mtola pa phewa loonda (tinyanga). Soketi yopanda njira zamtunduwu imadulidwa ndikukhazikika m'madzi. Mutha kuyiyika pansi mumphika woyandikana nayo popanda kuipatula kwa chomera. Maluwa ali ndi kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Pakatha sabata, mizu yanu imapangidwa ndipo malo ogulitsira amatha kupatulidwa.
The apical cuttings 5-10 masentimita yaitali ndi 1-2 mfundo nawonso mizu bwino. Atalekanitsa, amayikidwa m'madzi ofunda, ndipo mapangidwe mizu amawokedwa mumiphika yaying'ono ndi dothi lotayirira.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Kufotokozedwaku ndi duwa lokhazikika lomwe likufunika kukonzedwa pang'ono. Ndizoyenera kukhala zamaluwa omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri.
Tikufika Poto losaya koma bwino lonse lomwe lili ndi mbali zopapatiza limasankhidwira mbewu. Popeza duwa limakula mwachangu, nthawi zina limasinthidwa kawiri pachaka. Pansi pa thankiyo pamafunika kukhala ndi mabowo otayira. Udongo wofukulidwa kapena njerwa yofiyira yosweka nawonso umathiridwa. Asanaikidwe, epithet imathiriridwa ndimadzi ndikuchotsa mosamala mumphika. Gawo lina la dziko lapansi limachotsedwa ndipo mizu imayendera kuti ivunde. Madera owonongeka amadulidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi makala opera.
Dothi chifukwa kubzala kumayenera kukhala kotayirira ndi chonde, pang'ono ndi acidic kapena osalowerera ndale. Kuphatikiza kwa zosakaniza za dothi kumatenga pepala, peat ndi mchenga. Popewa kukula kwa bowa, onjezani makala ndi moss-sphagnum.
Kuwala Mafotokozedwe, makamaka mitundu yokhala ndi masamba owoneka amdima, imafuna kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana. Simungathe kuyika maluwa pakulowera dzuwa. Zomera zimayikidwa pazenera lakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, komanso kuzama kwa chipinda chakumwera. Padzakhala kuwala pang'ono pawindo lakumpoto ndipo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kumbuyo.
Kutentha Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C chaka chonse. Pakatha masiku otentha, chipindacho chimapatsa mpweya, koma chimateteza maluwa ku kukongoletsa. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 18 ° C sikuvomerezeka.
Chinyezi. Malo obadwira ofotokozerako ndi madera otentha komanso otentha, chifukwa chake amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Komanso, masamba a pubescent sangathe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa; ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira kapena matayala okhala ndi timiyala tonyowa ndi madzi. Madziwo sayenera kukumana ndi nthaka. Sikulimbikitsidwa kusamba koyenera.
Kuthirira. Kufotokozera kumafunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse kuti dothi limangokhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma osasunthika madzi. Thirirani mbewuyo poto kapena m'mphepete mwenimweni. Madzi sayenera kukumana ndi mphukira ndi masamba. Madziwo ayenera kukhala ofunda ndikutsukidwa bwino.
Feteleza. Mu March-Okutobala, ma epilation amadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi. Njira yothetsera feteleza wa michere yonse imalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Mlingo wovala umatheka.
Kudulira. Zomera za Ampel zimadziwika ndi kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono komanso kukulitsa tsinde. Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera kudula mphukira mpaka theka. Kudulira kumachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe. Ngakhale izi, zaka 4-5 zilizonse, tchire zimapangidwanso.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Madzi akasupe ndikuthothoka kwamadzimadzi kukayamba masamba, matenda a fungal amatha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusintha ukadaulo wa zaulimi, chotsani zitsamba zowonongeka ndikuchiza chomeracho ndi fungicide. Mamba, zopindika, nsabwe za m'masamba, zovala zoyera komanso ma mealybugs nthawi zina zimakhala mphukira kapena zimayambira. Kuchokera pa majeremusi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amachitika. Aerosol kapena ufa mawonekedwe ayenera kukondedwa.
Pokonzekera gawo, zovuta zingapo zimatha kubuka zomwe zitha kuthana ndi mavuto mwakuwongolera chisamaliro:
- mapangidwe a bulauni mawanga pamasamba - m'malovu am'madzi ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri othirira;
- masamba achikasu - Mlingo wambiri wa feteleza wazomera, dzuwa mwachindunji;
- maonekedwe a imvi ku masamba - acidic nthaka, matenda a fungal;
- kusowa kwa maluwa - kuyanika pafupipafupi kwa feteleza, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, kuyatsa kosakwanira.
