Imodzi mwa mbeu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'minda yam'munda ndi nkhaka. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya masamba, yabwino komanso yatsopano, komanso yokolola m'nyengo yozizira. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za "Pickled" zosiyanasiyana, omwe dzina lawo limalankhula zokha.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sing'anga yakucha, osati nthambi, ndi tsinde lakuda komanso masamba akuluakulu, odzaza ndi mitsempha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha, koma cholinga chake ndi kulima m'madera otseguka. "Kujambula" kumatanthauza zomera za monoecious, koma ovariya amapanga okha maluwa. Pakuti pollination chitsamba amafunikira tizilombo.
Dziwani nokha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka "Chizindikiro cha China", "Murom", "Buyan", "Claudia", "Murashka", "Mtolo wa Mtolo", "Green Stream", "Bouquet", "Paratunka", "Shosh", "Aquarius" "," Berendey "," Spino ".
Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
- osawopa shading;
- Kupewa chitetezo champhamvu kwa ambiri matenda a dzungu;
- chisamaliro;
- bwino kumera;
- Mbewu zimapangidwira mosavuta mutatha kuziika;
- zabwino maluwa ndi zipatso ovary;
- zabwino zipatso kukoma;
- zokolola zazikulu.
Chokhachokhacho ndizosungirako kanthawi kochepa komanso kusungidwa kwasankhulidwe panthawi yopitako.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka zakula kwa zaka zoposa sikwi zikwi zisanu, ndipo zimachokera ku India, kuchokera ku madera otentha ndi otentha m'munsi mwa mapiri a Himalayan.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imabzala mwamsanga - pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, mbeu imatha kukolola kwa masiku 40-45. Nthawi yosonkhanitsira nthawi ndi July-August, malingana ndi dera. Zokolola za mitundu yosiyana ndi pafupifupi 5 kilograms kuchokera pa 1 mita mita.
Zipatsozo zili ndi mawonekedwe a ovundumitundu, ndi yunifolomu yowonjezera pamapeto onse awiri, kukula kwake kuchokera pa 9 mpaka 14 masentimita, kulemera kwa magalamu 120. Pamwamba pa khungu lofewa pali zambiri zotchedwa hillocks ndi malo akuda.
Manyowa ndi onunkhira, owotcha madzi, osapweteka, omwe amachititsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mu saladi watsopano. Pali chisangalalo chosangalatsa komanso chowawa kwambiri, osatayika atatha kuthamanga. Mbali yabwino ndi yakuti pakadutsa khungu la nkhaka silikukwera.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Ndi bwino kugula mbande m'mimba yosungirako ana: pakali pano, pali chidaliro kuti zimagwirizana ndi dzina lodziwika la zosiyanasiyana. Kubzala ndi koyenera kwa mbande ali ndi zaka zitatu, ndi masamba awiri amphamvu, tsinde lakuda komanso mtundu wobiriwira.
Dziwani momwe mbeu ikuyamera, momwe mungadyetse nkhaka za mbande, momwe mungadyetse nkhaka pa maluwa ndi fruiting, momwe mungaperekere nkhaka, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito trellis gulu la nkhaka, momwe mungamwetse nkhaka, ngati mukufunika kudula masamba a nkhaka.
Pazitsamba zobiriwira sayenera kuwonongeka ndi malo amdima, mizu iyenera kukhala yonyowa. The momwe akadakwanitsira kutalika kwa sapling ndi 30 cm.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Zakudya zowonjezera, zotayidwa, lotayirira nthaka ndi ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere zimachita bwino kukula nkhaka. Izi zikhoza kukhala loam. Zotsatila bwino za chikhalidwe ndi anyezi, mbatata, tsabola.
Nthaka imakonzedwa kawiri:
- m'dzinja, pamene akumba, zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - manyowa, kompositi, chidebe chokwanira cha feteleza pa mita iliyonse. Nthaka imatsukidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira zonse za zomera ndi namsongole;
- M'chaka, pamene mukuyesa kufesa ndikukonzekera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.
Mavuto akukula
Nkhaka ndi zachiyambi, choncho amakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi. Nthaka yomwe mbewuzo zimakula siziyenera kuuma, komanso sikukakamizidwa kuti nkhaka zikule mumthunzi. Ngakhale kuti izi zimamveka bwino pamthunzi pang'ono, ndibwino kuti muzisankhe malo omwe amachokera ku zojambula ndi malo owala.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kukula mbande zawo, monga momwe ziliri pano pali mwayi wambiri wopeza mmera wathanzi.
Mukudziwa? Madokotala a kale kwambiri Dioscorides, Theophrastus, ndipo pambuyo pawo, Avicenna analimbikitsa zipatso ngati wothandizira matenda a chiwindi ndi m'mimba.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanabzala, mbewu zimakonzedwa kukana zinyama. Chomera chimayikidwa muzitsulo za saline, chotsani mbewu zomwe zimayandama pamwamba. Zomwe zinagwera pansi pa thanki, zouma kwa maola anayi (ndizofunika kuti musadwale).
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Nkhaka mbande sizikonda kuika, zimakhala zofooka ndipo zimatha kuphulika, choncho zimakula mu peat kapena mapepala apulasitiki, omwe amaikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, mu bokosi.
Njira yobzala mbewu
Mukamabzala pulasitiki, mchere wapadera umakonzedwa kuti udzateteza mbande ku mavairasi komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi: peat, mullein, utuchi mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 0.5: 1. Mbewuyi imayikidwa ndi masentimita awiri, ndiye mphamvu ndi mbewu zimadzazidwa ndi filimuyo. Kutentha koyambirira kusanayambe kuphuka ndi 25 ° С. Pambuyo kumera, imachepetsedwa ku 18 ° C, mwinamwake mbewuzo zidzatambasula.
Kudzala nkhaka za mbande: kanema
Kusamalira mmera
Mbande anayikidwa kutentha ndi ofatsa malo, madzulo dosvechivayut zopangira nyali. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chiri pafupi 75%, ndipo nthaka siuma. Kuti tichite izi, nthaka imapululutsidwa ndi mfuti yachitsulo kawiri pa sabata.
Pamene masamba awiri akuwonekera, amadyetsa chomeracho chifukwa cha malangizo. M'pofunikanso kutchera kumera kwa dzuwa, ngati bokosi liri pawindo.
Mitengo yokometsetsa siikwanira, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zofooka, kusiya pakati pawo mtunda wa masentimita 5-7.
Mlungu umodzi musanatengere ku malo, mbande zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale zotseguka. Bokosi limapangidwira mpweya wabwino, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi "kuyenda".
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Malingana ndi nyengo m'deralo, nthawi ya kuzizira ndi April-May, chikhalidwe chachikulu ndicho kusawopsa kwa kubwerera kwa chisanu.
Kubzala kumachitika madzulo, makamaka masiku angapo pambuyo pa mvula, kotero kuti dothi limapereka kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pakati pa zomera zimachoka pamtunda wa masentimita 30, pakati pa mizere - 70 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamakula ndi njira yobzala, zipatso zoyamba zingatheke patatha mlungu umodzi kapena ziwiri mmbuyomu poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu.
Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
Kumadera akum'mwera simungathe kulima mbande, ndikubzala mbeu mvula yomweyo.
Zochitika kunja
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Pickled" imapangidwa kuti ikhale yotseguka: popeza chikhalidwecho chimayambira mungu ndi njuchi, kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kubzala mbeu pamtunda, sankhani malo osungira mphepo, osati pang'ono pamapiri ndipo mutsegulire dzuwa.
Dziwani kuti ndi mitundu iti ya nkhaka yabwino yomwe imabzalidwa poyera.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Kufesa pa tsamba likuchitika pamtunda wotentha usana wosachepera kuposa 15 ° C ndi usiku - wosachepera kuposa 8 ° C. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha mbewu chikhale chofunika, bedi lomwe lili ndi kutentha kwake limapangidwa mlungu umodzi musanayambe kubzala: chotsani zinyalala (udzu, nthambi) zimatsanulidwa mu dzenje lakafika mamita masentimita makumi awiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi filimu yakuda.
Njira yokonzekera mabedi ofunda: kanema
Pambuyo pa sabata, mutanyamula chikhato pamwambapa, mumatha kutentha. Dothilo liri ndi dothi la masentimita 30, osachepera, mwinamwake mizu ya mphukira yomwe imamera idzatenthedwa chifukwa cha kutenthedwa.
Kenaka, pewani mbewu mpaka 2 cm ndikuyika mbewu ziwiri mu dzenje limodzi, pamene mtunda wa pakati pa maenje ndi theka la mita. Kenaka mbewuzo zimadzazidwa ndi filimu, yomwe imachotsedwa pambuyo poonekera mawiri awiri a masamba.
Kuthirira
Makamaka, nkhaka imafuna mvula nthawi zonse: osati mvula yambiri masiku awiri kapena atatu. Choncho, popanda zikhalidwe, nkhaka amamwetsa kawirikawiri, koma moyenera. Kuwetsa kawirikawiri kumadalira dothi la dothi: liyenera kukhala lonyowa kwa masentimita 15. Ndibwino kutenga madzi otentha, makamaka madzi amvula, zomwe zimachitika madzulo.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku nyengo ya nyengo, pamakhala chiopsezo chotentha chifukwa cha masamba otuluka m'madzi otsetsereka.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, kumasulidwa kumaphatikizapo kudzaza nthaka ndi mpweya. Mizu ya chikhalidwe ili pamtunda wa masentimita pafupifupi 20 - pamene kumasulidwa kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti asawononge mizu.
Popeza mizu ya nkhaka sitingathe kupikisana ndi namsongole wa chakudya, muyenera kumalira mabedi a chikhalidwe nthawi zonse, kuchotsa oyandikana nawo.
Masking
Popeza mitundu yodalirika ilibe malire, imakula nthawi zambiri ndi njira ya trellis. Pachifukwa ichi, mapangidwe a chomera mu thunthu limodzi adzakhala abwino.
Chikwapu chapakati chidzakwera mmwamba, mazira ake onse ndi zipatso zamtsogolo zidzapezeka pa mzere womwewo, zomwe zidzathandiza kukolola. Ndi mapangidwe awa, mphukira yotsatira imachotsedwa ndi mazira.
Belt girter
Kwa kumangiriza "Pickle", perekani zojambula zamatabwa ndi kutambasula pakati pawo ndi tini woonda kapena chingwe. Kuwonjezera pa kulondola ndi kosavuta, njira iyi ikukula imalepheretsa madzi kumera, zomwe zingachititse mawonekedwe a bowa ndi mabakiteriya.
Kupaka pamwamba
Zosiyanasiyana zimadyetsedwa kawiri pa nyengo. Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa zobiriwira, chisakanizo cha ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu kloridi (4 magalamu), superphosphate (10 gm) pa lita khumi za madzi zakonzedwa. Pa nthawi yopanga mazira ambiri amadyetsa ndi njira yomweyi, koma ndi mlingo wawiri womwe uli ndi madzi omwewo.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Matenda a dzungu ndi abodza powdery mildew, powdery mildew, malo a azitona, mizu zowola.
Mankhwala omwe amathiridwa mankhwala:
- "Allirin-B";
- "Fitosporin-M";
- "Oxy".
Tizilombo toononga ogrutsy:
- aphid (mankhwala - "Akarin");
- kangaude ("Fitoverm", "Fufanon");
- whitefly ("Aktellik", "Confidor").
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Zokolola kuyambira July. Zipatso zipse nthawi yomweyo, kotero muyenera kuziyang'ana. Zipatso zimasiyanitsidwa mosiyana ndi phesi, zimasiyidwa pa mphukira, ndi bwino kudula ndi mpeni.
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalumikizidwa kumalongeza, chipatsocho chimakololedwa ikafika mamita 10 m'litali, yomwe imakhala yabwino pakamwa. Kukolola kumachitika madzulo m'nyengo yamvula, kudula zipatso mumthunzi.
Onani maphikidwe a nkhaka ndi mbewu za mpiru, chili cha ketchup, nkhaka ku Korea, sliced nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira, kuzifutsa, mopepuka mchere, crispy nkhaka.
Masangowa samasungidwa mwatsopano kwa mlungu umodzi, sakusowa kutsukidwa ndi kuikidwa mufiriji.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Zomwe zingatheke ndi zomera ndi izi:
- masamba owuma ndi mazira, kugwa;
- Ziphuphu zimapangidwa mu chipatso.
Pezani chifukwa chake masamba a nkhaka amatembenukira oyera, kutembenukira chikasu, kutembenukira chikasu ndi zouma, nkhaka zowonongeka, chochita ndi midges pa nkhaka, zomwe mungachite kuti nkhaka zisakhale zowawa, chifukwa chiyani mazira a nkhaka amatembenukira chikasu.
Zifukwa za mavuto otere:
- madontho otentha ndi kusowa pogona panthawi ino;
- Kuwonjezera chakudya, makamaka nayitrogeni;
- zofooka za zakudya;
- matenda a mizu;
- chinyezi chokwanira.
Nkhaka mitundu "Zasolochny" amayenera ndemanga zapamwamba za anthu a chilimwe ndi hostesses: zipatso zimakhala zabwino kwa mitundu yonse ya chisanu choteteza chisanu, kuphatikizapo saladi, mungagwiritsenso ntchito mwatsopano. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino sizili zovuta, muyenera kungochita zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe.
Video: Kufotokozera mwachidule za zokopa zosiyanasiyana
