Zinsinsi za kukolola kochuluka: zosiyana za kubzala tomato mmalo otseguka ndi zizindikiro za chisamaliro chawo

Kubzala tomato pamalo otseguka - imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwa wolima minda. Zokolola zam'tsogolo zimadalira malo osankhidwa bwino, njira ndi kubzala, zoyenera "oyandikana nawo" ndi oyambirira a tomato.

Kubzala phwetekere pamalo otseguka ali ndi makhalidwe ena, osadziwa kuti ndi kovuta kukula mbewu yabwino.

Nkhaniyi imalongosola mwatsatanetsatane zinsinsi za kukolola kochuluka: miyambo yobzala tomato pamtunda ndi zowasamalira.

Njira zolima ndi kusamalira masamba

Kukonzekera chodzala mbande

Njira yowalidwa kwambiri yobzala phwetekere ndi kubzala mbande.. Musanayambe kubzala, mbande ziyenera kukhala "zokwiya". Pamapeto pake, mabokosi omwe ali ndi zomera masiku 15 - 20 amapita mumsewu, kumene amakhala kwa nthawi yochepa (kuyambira maola awiri mpaka maola 10 tsiku ndi tsiku).

Nthawi yochepa ya kuuma ndi masiku atatu, koma ndi bwino kupereka gawo ili nthawi yambiri: zimakhala ndi phindu lokhazikika pa luso la achinyamata. Masiku khumi musanadzalemo mbande mutseguka, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa, ndipo mkati mwa sabata ayenera kuyima palimodzi, koma madzulo a tsiku lodzala, mphukira zazing'ono zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi.

Nyamayi imathiririzidwanso kamodzi, mutha kuimangirira pamphepete, kuti tsinde losalimba lisachoke ku mphepo. Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo mfundo zazikulu izi: kuthirira, feteleza, kumasula nthaka, mapiri, mapangidwe a chitsamba.

Momwe mungayendetse bwino komanso mtunda wotani?

Posachedwapa, pakati pa wamaluwa, njira yopanda tomato yakhala ikudziwika bwino - kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Asanafese mbewu ayenera kukonzedwa.: yikani thumba lachikwama ndikulisekera mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (1 g ya manganese 1 tbsp ya madzi) kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20, ndiye tsambani ndi madzi. Mukhozanso kuwamitsa kwa maola 12 mu njira yowonjezera kukula.

Mbewu imafesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'mitsitsi (mtunda wa pakati pawo ndi 30 - 40 cm, pakati pa mizera - 60 - 70 cm): Mbeu 3 - 4 imayikidwa mu nthaka yonyowa kuya 3-4 masentimita. Nthaka imagwiridwa ndi kanjedza kuti ayanjanitse bwino mbewu ndi nthaka. Pamene masamba awiri enieni amaoneka ngati akuphuka mu dzenje, mphukira imodzi yomwe yakula bwino, otsalira onse achotsedwa. Kusamalira zomera zoterozo ndi zofanana ndi kusamalira mbande.

Kodi muyenera kuganizira chiyani mukachoka kuti mukolole bwino?

Pofuna kubzala bwino tomato, ganizirani izi:

• Tomato ndi kutentha ndi okonda zomera, kwa iwo m'pofunika kusankha bwino anayatsa malo, otetezedwa ku mphepo ndi drafts. Komanso, malo sayenera kutsetsereka kapena m'madera otsika: kusungunuka kwa chinyontho nthawi zonse kudzathandiza kuti kufalikira kwa matenda a fungal, kuchitika kwa njira zowonongeka za tomato.
• Nthaka mu ziwalo za phwetekere nthawi zambiri imagwiridwa kawiri (autumn ndi kasupe) kuti idzazitse ndi mpweya, kuupatsa kukhala wosasangalatsa, kufatsa ndi kukolola mizu ya namsongole. Pokumba, mukhoza kupanga feteleza m'nthaka kuti ikhale yopindulitsa (mwachitsanzo, mullein, superphosphate, mchere wa potashi). Ndipo sabata musanadzalemo mbande, ndikupangira chithandizo cha nthaka ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate kwa disinfection.
• Lamulo lina: simungabzalitse tomato pachiwembu chomwechi kwa zaka ziwiri mzere. Gawo laling'ono la kulima tomato m'dera lomwelo liyenera kukhala zaka 3 mpaka 4.
• Kusamala kumayenera kulipidwa kwa mabowo omwe mbewuzo zidzabzalidwe. Mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kukumba mozama masentimita 20 mpaka 25. Pansi pa iliyonse akhoza kuikidwa monga organic (humus, manyowa, phulusa, mapewa a nthochi, mcheza wa anyezi, pelic anyezi, yisiti), mchere (superphosphate, magnesium sulphate), ndi zovuta mankhwala (Kemira Lux, Kemira Universal).
• Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitsamba chimodzi cha tomato chili ndi mamita 0.3 lalikulu, kotero kuti musanafese tomato kuti mukhale ndi mbande, m'pofunika kudziwa momwe mungabzalitsire tchire zingapo pa chiwembu kuti musataye mbande zina.

Mitundu yopangira malo

1. Kulima malonda a tomato wamtali.
   • Njira yobisalala yapalasi. Ndi njira iyi, zomera zimabzalidwa m'makona a malo osungira, kupanga chisa cha mtundu. Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ndi 50-60 masentimita, ndipo pakati pa malo ozungulira, 80 masentimita (m'lime ili ndi mzere wothirira). Izi zimapereka mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito pakati pa mizere, imathandizira njira yomasula nthaka ndi chiwonongeko cha namsongole.
   • Njira yamatepe. Njira ina yabwino yosungira tomato pa kubzala ndikutsekera tepi. Chofunika kwambiri cha njirayi ndi kukumba mumtunda wa masentimita 100, m'mphepete mwake mwa mbali zonse (40 cm) tchire la tomato obzalidwa, mosiyana ndi mzake. Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ndilo masentimita 70. Makonzedwe amenewa ndi abwino kwa mitundu yodalirika yomwe imafuna garter, chifukwa zidzakhala zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, chifukwa cha njira iyi, nthawi imasungidwa pokonza zomera, kumasula nthaka, ndi kulamulira udzu.
2. Zotonthoza kubzala zomera zochepa.
   • Njira yamapepala. Pofuna kubzala tomato wochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nkofunika kukumba ngalande, yomwe ili pafupi 30 cm, ndikumbala mabowo mu ngalande 30 - 40 cm padera. Mtunda wa pakati pa mitunda ndi masentimita 80.

     Ngati mitundu yayitali imabzalidwa motere, ndiye kuti 90 cm ayenera kubwerera kuchoka mumtsinje kupita ku ngalande. Njira yodzalayi imapulumutsa kwambiri malo odzala, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira zomera zomwe zabzalidwa motere chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa bwino kwa chitsamba chilichonse. Njira ya ulimi wothirira imathandizanso kwambiri: ndikwanira kuponyera phula mu ngalande kapena kubweretsa njira yothirira.

   • Chess njira. Njirayi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi njira ya tepi. Ngalande imatulutsanso, koma tchire kumbali yake imakumbidwa motsatira chess order: tomato wa mzere umodzi uli pafupi ndi kusiyana pakati pa tomato wa mzere wina. Mtunda wa pakati pa mitunda ndi masentimita 100, pakati pa tchire pamzere - 30 - 40 masentimita, pakati pa mizere - 40 - 50 cm. Cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomekoyi ndi kupulumutsa malo.

Oyandikana nawo ndi oyambirira

Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu: kubzala kwa tomato pamalo otseguka kuyenera kuchitidwa kuganizira zokolola zoyenera.

Kodi malo abwino kwambiri apafupi ndi ati?

Phwetekere - chomera cha banja Solanaceae. Kuphatikiza apo, banja limaphatikizapo chikhalidwe monga mbatata, biringanya, tsabola wa masamba, tsabola wofiira, fodya. Mfundo yakuti zomera ndi za banja lomwelo zimayambitsa matenda omwewo, makamaka mdani wawo wamba - vuto lochedwa. Choncho, kuwafikitsa pafupi ndi malowa sikuvomerezedwa.

Okhala moyandikana ndi tomato ndi anyezi, adyo, kaloti, timbewu tonunkhira, tchire, chimanga, radish, udzu winawake, sipinachi, parsley, basil.

Choncho, anyezi, adyo, radish adzateteza tomato ku nthata zamadzi, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata. Ndipo maluwa ngati marigolds ndi calendula, sikuti adzakhala okhawo odalirika otetezera a solanacea kuchokera ku tizirombo zonse, komanso amapereka munda wokonza zokongoletsera. Mbewu yamtali imatetezera tomato la thermophilic kuchokera kumphepo ndi mazenera.

Pali tomato ndi otsutsa. Osautsa adzachita broccoli, kolifulawa ndi woyera kabichi, fennel, katsabola.

Nkhaka

Zomera zotchuka kwambiri m'nyumba zonsezi ndi tomato ndi nkhaka. Komabe, kodi n'zotheka kudzala nkhaka zingapo? Kuwabzala m'mabedi oyandikana sangathe. Chinthuchi ndi chakuti mbewu izi zimafuna kusamalidwa mosiyana: nkhaka amakonda madzi okwanira ndi mkulu wa chinyezi, tomato amakonda youma mpweya ndi ochepa kuthirira.

Masamba akuluakulu a nkhaka amatha kusungunuka kwambiri, chinyezi chimaperekedwa ndi madzi okwanira ambiri, kotero tomato amayamba kudwala kwambiri fungal ndi mabakiteriya, maluwa awo si mungu wochokera ku zipatso, zokolola zimachepa, ndipo kukoma kumakhala kowawa.

Kodi ndilololedwa kukhala ndi tomato chaka chamawa?

Njira yabwino ndiyo kufesa nyemba (nandolo, nyemba) ndi masamba (parsley, katsabola, udzu winawake), zomwe zimabweretsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka yotengedwa ndi tomato. Anyezi ndi adyo wobzalidwa m'malo mwa tomato amasintha bwino nthaka., kupatulapo, adzapereka zokolola zambiri.

Mmodzi mwa malamulo oyendetsera kayendedwe ka mbeu akuti: Mbewu zazuzu zimabzalidwa m'malo mwa chipatso komanso mosiyana. Mwachidule, "mizu imakhala yosiyana ndi zovuta". Zokolola zabwino zimachokera ku kaloti, beets, radishes, ndi radishes omwe anabzala pa sitepala pambuyo pa tomato. Iwo saopa matenda osiyana ndi tomato, nkhaka, zukini, kabichi.

Pambuyo pake mungathe kukula zipatso?

Pofuna kuteteza nthaka kutayika, nkofunika kusinthanitsa ndi kubzala mbewu za zipatso ndi mbewu zakuzu. Tomato ndi abwino kwambiri obzala m'madera omwe chaka chatha adayikidwa pambali kwa turnips, kaloti, beets, anyezi wobiriwira. Zolondola ngati tomato ali pa malo a nkhaka, zukini, kabichi.

Njira yoyenera ndiyo kufesa pamunda, ntchito ya tomato, manureates wobiriwira, feteleza wobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopangidwa ndi nayitrojeni, ndi kulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole. The siderata ndi oats, mpiru, buckwheat, clover, nyemba, lupine.

Saloledwa kubzala tomato mmalo mwa nightshade.: mbatata, biringanya, tsabola, physalis, fodya. Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yobzala zomera ayenera kusamala mosamala. Izi siziyenera kuiwalika ndi wolima masamba, popeza kubzala mbewu molondola sikutanthauza kusonkhanitsa zokolola zambiri. Chisamaliro cha mwini munda yekha, kuleza mtima kwake ndi khama lake kudzatha kuthetsa cholinga chake.