Pakati pa ambiri zamakono feteleza, perlite ndi vermiculite sali m'malo otsiriza m'nyumba floriculture. Posachedwapa, anthu ochepa chabe adadziwa kuti angathe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo izi, koma lero mungathe kuzigula mosavuta ku duka lililonse la maluwa.
Ngakhale kuti perlite ndi vermiculite ya zomera ndi ofanana kwambiri, kusiyana kulipobe, ndipo tsopano tipeza.
Kodi perlite ndi chiyani?
Musanayambe kufanana ndi perlite ndi vermiculite, ganizirani zipangizozi mosiyana.
Perlite ndi thanthwe la chiphalaphala ndipo limaonedwa ngati mchere wothandiza kwambiri.
Panthawi yogonana ndi lava pamwamba penipeni pa dziko lapansi, kapena moyenera kwambiri, itangotha, imayambitsa mchere umene umatchedwa obsidian, womwe umadzasungunuka ndi madzi pansi. Chotsatira cha obsidian hydroxide ndi perlite.
Nkhani yofala kwambiri yomwe imapezeka mu makina opanga zomangamanga, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga phokoso ndi kutentha, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha moto. Kawirikawiri, perelite imapereka chithandizo cha kutentha m'mavuni apadera, komwe imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri (monga mapulogalamu).
Chotsatira chake, timalandira agroperlite, omwe amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe ofanana. Mu ulimi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthaka mulching, koma m'munda wamaluwa udakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mchenga.
Kodi pearlite amawoneka ngati maluwa? Kwenikweni, ndi kosavuta kufotokozera, chifukwa pelo yowonjezereka, monga vermiculite yomwe inafotokozedwa mtsogolo, imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi mchenga wamba. Mankhwala a perlite ali ofanana ndi mchenga, chifukwa amachokera ku silicon oxide (IV).
Si chinsinsi kuti kukonzekera kusakaniza kwa nthaka sikupanda mtengo popanda mchenga, chifukwa kupezeka kwake m'nthaka kumapatsa mpweya wabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene mukukula zomera zokhala ndi mizu yofooka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo maluwa amkati, mudzakhala ndi mavuto ochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsira ntchito makina osungira madzi ndi kumasula zigawo zikuluzikulu m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti zomera zisinthe.Komabe, ngakhale zilizonse zabwino, mchenga sungakhale wofunikira kwambiri kwa zomera. Choncho, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito coarse-grained material mu floriculture, ngakhale kuti n'zovuta kupeza anthu a m'tawuni megalopolises.
Chinthu chachilengedwe chosiyana ndi mchenga umenewu ndi perlite, chifukwa chimakhala chamagetsi osati mankhwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yake ndikutulutsa nthaka, koma osati. Pogwiritsira ntchito mfundoyi, simudzatha vuto la mapangidwe a kutsika kwa nthaka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonekera chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa nthaka (kungomwaza ndi perlite pansi pamwamba). 
Zina mwa zovuta za mchenga mmalo mwa mchenga ndizochepa mtengo wotsimikizirika, chifukwa chakuti nkhaniyo silingathe kumanga ndi kusonkhanitsa zida zamagulu kuchokera pansi, ngakhale nthawi zambiri izi sizikufunika.
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsira ntchito agroperlite kumathetsa kwathunthu kuthekera kwa namsongole. Mbali imeneyi imafotokozedwa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba (1100-1150 ° C) kuphatikizapo kupanga kwake mu zitseko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kwake kumakhala kosavuta kukhalabe mbewu kapena udzu wa tizilombo towononga.Mbali ina yodziwika bwino ya perlite ndi yosaoneka bwino ya alkaline yomwe imafunika kuganizira pamene ikukula zomera zomwe zimafuna mkulu acidity wa gawo lapansi (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa chipinda chokhalapo - gardenenias ndi azaleas). Apo ayi, mphamvu ya perlite yogwiritsidwa ntchito iyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mchenga, ndiko kuti, zomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yofooka, zomwe zimafuna nthaka yowonongeka kwambiri, iyenso ikusowa kwambiri.
Sitikutha kunena kuti zomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala bwino mu nthaka yowuma ndi yamdima, koma kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatchulidwa mu gawo lapansi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa.
Perlite ndi yabwino kwa rooting cuttings, ndi kumera n'zotheka ngakhale mawonekedwe ake.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, alimi amagwiritsa ntchito osakaniza a perlite ndi peat kapena sphagnum.
Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mbeu zowera, chifukwa zikasakanikirana, zimapangitsa kufalitsa kwawo kofananako pa nthaka. N'kutheka kuti ufa wochulukirapo wa mbeu ndi zina.
Pamene madzi a rooting cuttings perlite amathandiza kupewa zovunda, ndipo akakula mu pearlite mbande za maluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba mbewu, matenda fungal (mwachitsanzo, Blackleg) ndi zocheperachepera.
Ndikofunikira! Mukatsanulira zowuma, zimapanga fumbi lambiri, kotero ndikofunika kuti musanayambe kuyisakaniza ndi madzi.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwapadera, nkhaniyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydroponics, komwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ponseponse komanso kuphatikizapo vermiculite.
Kodi vermiculite ndi chiyani?
Vermiculite ndi mchere wa gulu la hydromicas. Izi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (zosaoneka bwino) zomwe zilibe zolemetsa kapena zoopsa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti sizingatheke kuwonongeka kapena kuvunda (zomwe zimayambitsa chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) ndipo si malo abwino kwa makoswe ndi tizilombo.
Pambali, vermiculite ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka vermiculite pamtunduwu, choyimiridwa ndi chovala choyera ndipo chimakhala ndi magawo akulu a mica yoyera. Zigawo zake zazikulu, zowonongeka komanso zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zosalala kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.
Magawo ang'onoang'ono a ore ali ofanana ndi fumbi kapena mchenga, koma kawirikawiri amatha kutchedwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zamagulu, zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi (zowoneka kukhalapo kwa malo ena) magetsi a mica amapangidwa.
Ndalamazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zoyendetsera kumene mica yoyera imasonkhanitsidwa, kenaka amasankhidwa ndi kutumizidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu magetsi. Zotsalirazo zimatumizidwa kwa mankhwala ena owonjezera a hydrothermal mu ng'anjo yotumiza (yotenthedwa kufika madigiri 1400 Fahrenheit).
Chotsatira chake, tizigawo tating'onoting'ono timakula ndikusintha, kutembenukira ku maonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amaoneka ngati vermicelli. M'tsogolomu, misa yonseyo imaphwanyidwa ndipo imakhala ngati ziphuphu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kufumbi mpaka kukula kwa ndalama.
Zopezedwa ndi kuwotcha vermiculite, yomwe ili ndi dzina agrovermiculite, - zowonongeka, zopepuka ndi zamtundu wambiri, ndi ziphuphu zosawerengeka. Lili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandiza zomera, zomwe zimakhala ndi magnesium, calcium, aluminium, potassium, chitsulo ndi silicon. 
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kusiyana pakati pa perlite ndi vermiculite ndizomwe kulipo kwazomwe zikuchitika m'mbuyo. Komabe, zambiri mwazigawozi sizingatheke, chifukwa chakuti vermiculite silingaganizidwe ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopatsa zakudya zowonjezera zomera.
Mphamvu yamakono ya vermiculite imalola kuti ikhale ndi mavitamini a magnesium, potassium, ndi zina zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'nthaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zipereke kwa zomera.
Zomwe zafotokozedwa ndizosiyana komanso zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka zowonjezera, chifukwa pamene mvula imadzimanga yokha kuposa kasanu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuganizira nkhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito vermiculite sikupangitsa dothi kukhala lolemetsa ndipo limapangitsa kuti likhale losavuta pang'onopang'ono pamene limapatsa chinyezi chabwino.Chizoloŵezi chofala cha perlite ndi vermiculite kwa maluwa ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mu mawonekedwe oyera (mwachitsanzo, kwa rooting cuttings kapena mbewu kumera) ndi gawo la zosakaniza zina.
Vermiculite imateteza kwambiri mizu ya zomera kuchokera kusintha kwa kutentha, komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri pakamera mbande, ndipo popeza ili wosabala, ilibe tizilombo ndi bowa, imadziwikanso ndi kuthekera kwa kuteteza maonekedwe a zowola ndi matenda a fungal. The cuttings anaika mu agro vermiculite mizu bwino ndi kulola ana.Mbali imeneyi yapangitsa kuti chigawochi chikhale chigawo choyenera cha mavitanidwe a padziko lapansi (mpaka 50% ya gawo lapansi), ndipo kuwonongeka, phokoso ndi chinyezi cha nthaka nthawi zonse zimabwerera kuzinthu zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha kusaloŵerera m'thupi (pH), vermiculite amachepetsa kwambiri acidity wa gawo la nthaka ndikuchepetsanso njira ya salinization.
Zinthu zabwino zomwe zimadziwonetsera m'nyengo yachisanu yosungirako zomera za bulbous, chifukwa otsika matenthedwe a conductivity amathandiza kuti zikhale zotentha kwambiri kuzungulira mababu, pomwe zimakhala zosasintha. Mababu omwe amaikidwa muzitsulo sangathe kuvunda, ndipo sangakhudzidwe ndi matenda a fungal.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa perlite ndi vermiculite?
Pambuyo pofufuza za perlite ndi vermiculite mwatsatanetsatane ndikudziŵika bwino ndi maonekedwe awo ndi katundu, zizindikiro zina zimatha kudziwika (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zonse zomwe nthaka yosakaniza sizizitsata, ndipo kutumphuka sikunapangidwe pamwamba pa gawo lapansi), koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndizofanana. .
Phunzirani makhalidwe a perlite ndi vermiculite ndikusankha zomwe ziri zabwino kwa mitundu yanu, choyamba, muyenera kumvetsera kusiyana kwakukulu: mtundu wobiriwira wa vermiculite ndi mphamvu zake zowonjezera ndi kutulutsa pang'ono mchere ndi madzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake, kukonda mbeu, kuthirira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, perlite imathamanga kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi madzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Nthawi zambiri maulendo ake amalowa m'nthaka, mosiyana ndi zimenezi, akuwonjezeka.
Zipangizo zonsezi ndi zaphalaphala, zokha perlite - Zimangosungunuka ndi mchenga wofiira (galasi ikhoza kunenedwa)ndi vermiculite imakhalanso ndi mavitamini owonjezera.
Ngati mukufunika kuti muzuke zidutswa za cuttings, ndi bwino kupatsa vermiculite. Zimapereka kuperewera kochepa panthawi yopukuta (sizing'onozing'ono), siimapanga voids pamene imadzazidwa ndipo ili ndi zinthu zochepa (sizikhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza mizu).
Komanso poyerekeza ndi perlite, vermiculite ndi yochepa kwambiri komanso ionic. Komabe, ubwino wa perlite sungathe kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa umapereka chithunzithunzi cha chinyezi, zimapangitsa madziwo kukhala osavuta komanso amamwe mofulumira pakati pa ulimi wothirira.
Zilonda zonse zowonjezera ndi vermiculite zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale gawo labwino la maluwa, koma pozindikira kusiyana pakati pawo, mukhoza kusankha bwino payekha.
