Pafupifupi malo onse a m'munda amatha kupeza malo angapo a currants - oyera, wakuda kapena ofiira.
Mafuta awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi kuti apange kupanikizana, zipatso zowonjezera, ndipo anthu amawombera mipira yaing'ono iyi, chifukwa chakuti pakati pa dzinja mumakumbukira kukoma kwa chilimwe.
Currant palokha si chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera. Komabe tchire tiyenera kusamalidwa mu nthawi kuti tipeze zipatso zambiri.
Ngati mukukonzekera kuti mudziyesetse nokha pa kulima currants, ndiye imodzi mwa mfundo zoyamba ndi zazikulu zidzasankha zosiyanasiyana.
Wotchuka kwambiri ndipo, panthawi imodzimodzi, mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya currants ili pansipa.
Zosiyanasiyana "Black Pearl"
Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya mchere wamchere. Anagonjetsa msika chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ndi kukoma kwake.
Kawirikawiri tchire la currantyi imasokonezeka ndi gooseberries kapena ndi blueberries, koma, makamaka, chomera ichi chimayimira chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa kwambiri za currants - golidi.
Chitsamba chokhacho chiri kunja mofanana ndi chitsamba cha jamu, chimakula mozungulira, ndi kamphindi kakang'ono. Akuwombera bend ndi kukula, wofatsa.
Masamba amafanana ndi timapepala ta jamu - tsamba la masamba lili ndi masamba awiri ndi atatu. Nthenda ya kucha mu izi zosiyanasiyana ndiyomwe muyitali, fruiting imayamba kumayambiriro kwa June.
Zipatso zazikulu, kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyana ndi 1.5 g mpaka 6 g! Kulawa, zipatso za Black Pearl zimakhala zofanana ndi blueberries, koma palinso zolemba zabwino komanso zowawa zomwe zimakhala za currants.
Fruiting ikuyamba 1.5 - zaka ziwiri mutasiya mbande. Kuchokera mu chomera chimodzi mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 3.5 mpaka 4.5 makilogalamu a zipatso zabwino, zomwe ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri.
Choyimira cha golidi currant ndi kukana, ndi zinthu zambiri zolakwika kunja.
Mitengo "Black Pearl" amatha kulimbana ndi kugwa kwa kutentha, ndi kusowa kwa madzi m'nthaka, ngakhale matenda ndi tizirombo.
Ngakhalenso mite ya impso siingathe kuvulaza tchire izi, ndipo pakutsutsa kulikonse palibe mankhwala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inasankhidwa m'madera a ku Siberia, choncho ngakhale nyengo yoopsa kwambiri ndi nyengo ya chisanu -39 C sizingathe kuvulaza zomera. Ndiponso, currant iyi imatetezedwa ndi powdery mildew.
Musanagule mbande ayenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino chifukwa cha zofooka muzu kapena mphukira. Mizu iyenera kukhala yabwino bwino, yopanda makina, komanso kufika 25 cm m'litali.
Ngati mizu ikuwoneka kuti yayamba kutayika, ndiye masiku 2-3 asanayambe kubzala, mmera umayenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi, kumene mungathe kuwonjezera zochepa zowonjezera kukula.
Zingakhale bwino musanafike onetsetsani mizu m'dothi loyankhula. Chomera chomera - 50x50x50 masentimita. Mutangoyamba kubzala, mmera uliwonse uyenera kuthiriridwa, ndipo nthaka yozungulira mphukira ikhale ndi mulch. Kutaya mu mbande kungakhale kumayambiriro kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
Kuti ma currants akhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira, ndi bwino kupanga madzi okwanira kuthirira madzi omwe angapereke mizu ndi madzi okwanira kwa nthawi yaitali. Madzi ayenera kutenthetsa, mutha kuyika zipangizo zothandizira kuthirira madzi, zomwe zimangotulutsa madzi ku tchire.
Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka kuti mpweya wabwino ufikire mizu. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira njirayi kuti musapweteke mizu pafupi.
Ndifunikanso nthawi zonse kuphimba nthaka ndi organic mulu, zomwe nthawi imodzi kudyetsa tchire. Tsamba la "Black Pearl" nthawi zambiri silikufunika kuti lipitirire kuchiza matenda, koma n'zotheka kupopera ngati momwe zilili zoyenera kukonzekera.
Zosiyanasiyana "Venus"
Woimira black currant. Iye anabadwira ndi ASIlinin ku South Ural Scientific Research Institute for Horticulture ndi mbatata.
"Makolo" a zosiyanasiyanazi ndi Bredthorp ndi Mbeu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zitsamba sizitali kwambiri, mlingo wa nthambi ndi osalimba ndizochepa.
Mphukira imakhala yowonjezera, kuwala kobiriwira, kumasoka pamene ikukula, popanda pubescence, koma pali duki pachimake pa nthambi pamwambapa. Mphukira imapangidwira mu mawonekedwe a ovoid, a kukula kwapakati, okwera pamwamba, amapanga mpweya wa madigiri 30 ndi mphukira, ndipo amapangidwa payekha.
Pa tsamba la tsamba la "curus" la "curus" la 5, lomwe lirilonse limafotokozedwa. Phokoso lapakati ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ena onse ndi ochepa. Tsamba lomwelo ndi lobiriwira, pafupifupi silikuwalira, silikusowa, limakhala lofiira.
Maluwawo ndi pinki yofiira, yofiira, kukula kwake, burashi ndi kukula kwake, kufika mamita 4 mpaka 7 m'litali, chiwerengero cha maluwa kumbali imodzi chimasiyana ndi zidutswa 7 mpaka 11. Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwa 5.5 g, mawonekedwe ozungulira, khungu ndi lochepa thupi, zipatso zimakhala zakuda.
Kukoma kwa zipatso ndi zabwino kwambiri, zokoma kwambiri. Cholinga ndi chilengedwe chonse. Zokolola zazikulu, kuchokera ku 1 mbeu mukhoza kupeza 2.1 - 5.1 makilogalamu a zipatso zabwino.
Kudzipiritsa komweku kumachitanso, chifukwa maluwa oposa 56% samafunikira tizilombo kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso currant "Venus" saopa nyengo yoipa ndi chisanu, komanso pafupifupi mantha a powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Mbande ziyeneranso kufufuza mosamalitsa. Ngati pali zizindikiro zowonongeka kapena mizu ya matenda, ndi bwino kusankha chitsamba china. Simungathe kutenga zomera zomwe zimakhala zouma kwambiri, chifukwa zimangokhala mizu.
Musanabzala, muyenera kufupikitsa mizu ndi 5 - 6 masentimita, komanso kudula pamwamba pa mphukira.
Care currant "Venus" yachibadwa. Ayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, omwe kwa nthawi yaitali adzatha kupereka currant baka ndi chinyezi. Kwambiri ndikofunika kuti mulch ndi kumasula pansi, kuti namsongole asamere kuzungulira tchire.
Ndibwino kuti mulch ndi udzu, peat kapena udzu, komanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito zipangizozi ndikukonzekera kuti ziwonongeke zowonongeka. Muyeneranso kuchiza baka ndi kukonzekera powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Mtundu "Jonker Van Thets"
Maphunziro oyambirira a red currant a Dutch kusankha. Anapeza mu 1941 pamene akudutsa mitundu "Faya Fertile" ndi "London Market".
Ndilofala makamaka m'mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Mmerawo ndi wowongoka, wamphamvu, wandiweyani. Mphukira imakula kukula kwambiri, pinki mu mtundu, palibe pubescence.
Mbalame yowombera ya Lignified, yowongoka ndipo siyimphwa ndi ofooka opangira mphamvu. Maluwawo ndi ochepa, amawoneka ngati mazira, akupanga mphambano ndi mzere wa mphukira.
Masamba ali asanu-loti, aakulu, akuda, amdima. Mabalawo ndi mawonekedwe a katatu, mawonekedwe omwewo, mapeto ake. Maluwa amawonekedwe ofunkhira, aakulu, okwanira.
Maburashiwa ndi aakulu, kufika masentimita 10 m'litali, zipatso khumi mpaka 10 zimapangidwa mu bura limodzi, kufalikira kwa omwe ali ambiri.
Zipatso zikuluzikulu, kulemera kwa 1.5g, zozungulira kapena peyala, zofiira kwambiri, ndi khungu lakuda, kukoma kwabwino ndi fungo. Mu zipatso pali mbewu, 4 - 5 zidutswa pa mabulosi.
Cholinga cha currantyi ndi chilengedwe chonse, ndiko kuti, ndi choyenera komanso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiriPafupifupi, kuchokera ku chitsamba mungathe kupeza pafupifupi 6.5 makilogalamu a zipatso.
Kukoma kwathunthu kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa June, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke kwambiri. Kudzikonda kumakhala kotere kwa izi zosiyanasiyana, koma zizindikiro zake ndizochepa. Komanso, zomera zimatha kukhalabe otentha kwambiri.
Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kwa powdery mildew, koma nthendayi ndi impso zingathe kuvulaza zomera.
Mbande za mtundu wofiira wa currant ayenera kukhala ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi ziwalo zisanu zokhala ndi zikopa zokwanira, kutalika kwake zomwe ziyenera kukhala masentimita 20. Mbali imodzi ya mphukira iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, yomwe iyenera kukhala yochepa pafupifupi masentimita 40
Mbewu iliyonse imayenera kudumpha pang'ono pansi pamtunda mu dzenje la masentimita 45x50. Muzu wa mizu iyenera kumizidwa pansi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi pansi pa nthaka, ndipo mbali yakunja ya mphukira iyenera kudulidwa pamtunda wa masamba otsika kotero kuti chiwerengero chonsecho chikhale zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mukangoyamba kubzala, mmera uliwonse uyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Kuthirira ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri pakuyang'anira tchire currant baka. Mutha kuthirira madzi nthawi zambiri, koma ndi madzi ochepa, kapena mungathe kupanga mafananidwe a madzi okwanira kuthirira.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu, ndiye kofunika kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira madzi kuti athetse njala ya madzi mizu. Kutsegula ndi kukulumikiza nthaka pafupi ndi tchire la currant ndi zofanana ndi njira zosiyana za mitundu ina. Ndiponso mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala opopera mankhwala motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za zosiyanasiyana strawberries "Gigantella"
Kalasi "Ural White"
Maphunziro oyambirira a white currant. Idawonetsedwa ndi manja a VS Ilyin wochokera ku South Ural Scientific Research Institute for Horticulture ndi mbatata. Mitundu yambiri ya "Ural White" idapangidwa chifukwa cha kusungunula kwaufulu kwa currants zosiyanasiyana "Chulkovskaya".
Zomera za currantzi sizitali mwapatali, koma zimakhala zazikulu ndi kumasula mphukira zowonjezera. Nthambizi ndi zapakatikati m'mimba mwake, zobiriwira, zofiira pang'ono.
Komanso pa mphukira pali pinki ya matteki. Maluwawo ndi ochepa, ovate, amawunikira, amawonekedwe ofiira, amawoneka atakhala pansi kapena pambali pa mphukira. Tsambali liri ndi masamba 5, tsamba la tsambalo likulu, lobiriwira.
Pamwamba pa pepalayo mulibe zofiira, koma makwinya. Mphungu yapakati ndi yaikulu kuposa ena, koma onse ali ndi mapeto. Maluwawo ndi apakati apakati, oboola mchere. Maburashi siatalika kwambiri (5 mpaka 8 masentimita), ndi owerengeka ambiri. Mabulosiwa ndi ofanana kwambiri, osapitirira kulemera kwa 1.1 g, kuzungulira, mtundu wachikasu, ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono zamkati.
Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndibwino kwambiri, shuga ya shuga ndi asidi zinayesedwa ndi mapiritsi apamwamba kwambiri. Zipatso za currantzi zili bwino muyang'anidwe, komanso mwatsopano. Kukonzekera mwachindunji kumadalira ubwino wa mbande ndi chisamaliro.
Kawirikawiri kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi akhoza kutenga 2.6 - 6 makilogalamu a zipatso zabwino. Currant "Ural White" imatsutsidwa chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, kuphatikizapo chisanu, komanso chitetezo chokwanira ku powdery mildew ndi anthracnose. Komanso pa currant iyi imadziwika ndi kudzipangira-poizoni.
Zowonjezera pa mbande zapadera, zomwe sizouma, mizu yabwino, komanso malo olimba mbali ya mphukira. Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Kukonzekera kokonzekera kumapangidwanso - kudulira mizu ndi mphukira, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito dothi asanayambe kuziika. Kuthirira ndi kukulitsa nthaka nthawi yomweyo mubzala.
Mankhwalawa ndi achilendo, koma currant imafuna nthawi zonse. Izi ndi zabwino onjezerani kuthirirakotero kuti palibe kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka. Muyeneranso kuyendetsa nthaka ndikupanga feteleza, komanso zovuta zonse.
Ngati mukukonzekera nthawi zonse nthawi yobzala m'kugwa, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera zinthu zakutchire, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndi zipangizo zomwe zidzasokoneza pang'onopang'ono. Muyeneranso kuchotsa nthambi zodwala kapena zowonongeka ndikuyendetsa zitsamba motsutsana ndi matenda.
Kalasi "Kukongola Kwambiri"
Choyamba currant yofiira. Kulengedwa kwa manja a a Ural obereketsa VS Ilina ndi A.P. Gubenko. Ndi zotsatira za kudutsa mitundu "Chulkovskaya" ndi "Faya Fertile".
Zomera zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo nthambi zambiri zimayandikana kwambiri. Mphukira ndi yandiweyani, imamera ndi kukula, yobiriwira, popanda pubescence, koma pachimake. Pafupi ndi sing'anga, elliptical, yofiira yofiirira, "khalani" imodzi, yakhazikika pambali mpaka mphukira.
Masamba asanu okhala ndi matabwa, akuluakulu, akuda, omwe ali obiriwira. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, amawombera mzere wautali (mpaka 7 cm), osakanikirana. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu (1.5 - 1.7 g), zowoneka bwino, zofiira, pali mbewu zochepa pamkati. Kukoma kwa currant iyi ndi lokoma, mchere. Mipanga yokolola ya 3.5 mpaka 15.5 makilogalamu pa chitsamba.
Izi zimapangidwa ndi 61%, kugonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, kugonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew. Zitsamba "Ural kukongola" akhoza pang'ono anakhudzidwa ndi ognevka ndi sawflies.
Palibe zofunikira pazofunika za mbande ndi kubzala. Ndi bwino kuthamangitsa currant mu kasupe, kuti ikhale ndi mizu. Malowa ayenera kutenthedwa kuti zomera zimve bwino.
Kuthirira, kukhumba ndi kutsegula nthaka kumafunika. Kuthirira bwino kuli bwino. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mu kugwa, pokonzekera malo m'nyengo yozizira. Mankhwala ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ena amafunika, mwinamwake matenda osasamalidwa adzatsogolera ku zokolola.
Tsopano mukuyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe mumaikonda kwambiri kapena kungobzala 1 - 2 zitsamba za mitundu iliyonse, ndipo pakapita kanthawi mukondweretse zipatso za kucha ndipo muzisunga nawo mawonekedwe opaka. Kupambana pazochita zanu.
