Momwe mungamere ndi kusamalira Bely kutsanulira mitengo ya apulo

Kukula mtengo wa apulo ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe imafuna udindo ndi chilakolako choyika malonda mu bizinesi yomwe mumakonda. Koma, zotsatira zake ndi zothandiza!

Lero tidzakambirana za njira zosiyana za kukula kwa apulo mitundu yodzaza mzungu. Zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana, zochitika, magawo a teknoloji zidzakuthandizani kukula mtengo wathanzi, wamphamvu ndikupeza zokolola zambiri.

Tikufika

Kukula kwa mtsogolo, kukula kwa mtengo wachinyamata kumadalira kubzala kokwanira.

Kodi ndi liti komanso liti?

Sankhani njira yobweretsera. Kamwana ka sapling kamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma wamaluwa amamera mitengo ya apulo kuchokera ku mbewu. Zimatengera nthawi yochuluka, kuleza mtima, kumamatira ku sayansi inayake. Mtengo wa chipatso ukhoza kusiyana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana.

Mbewu

Mosiyana ndi zina zipatso mbewu (tomato, nkhaka), Mbeu ya apulo popanda kukonzekera kumayambiriro ndi vuto lalikulu.

1. Poyamba, makwinya atsopano amatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi, kuchotsa ku zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kumera. Kwa masiku atatu anaviika mu soda ndi madzi ozizira, omwe amasinthidwa nthawi zonse, onjezerani kukula kokondweretsa ("Epin-extra" mwachitsanzo).
2. Kenaka chitani ndondomeko ya stratification (kuuma). Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi mchenga wouma (kapena utuchi), mbewu zimalowetsamo, zimatsukidwa m'firiji, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'chipinda chapansi. Pakutha miyezi 1.5-2 ayenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 1-5.
3. Mbeu ikadzaza, imayikidwa m'magawo osiyana.

Pali njira zina.

1. Kuyambira kale kusungidwa njira yosavuta, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amonke pamene akugwira ntchito m'munda m'madera a nyumba za amtendere za Valaam. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbewuzo zinatsukidwa ndi madzi ndipo zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo.

   Asanayambe kuzizira nyengo, mbewu inali ndi nthawi yopuma, mizu, kuumitsa m'nyengo yozizira. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, ziphuphu zina zinayambira mu May.

2. Mukhoza kuyika mabokosi a peat odzaza ndi michere yachitsulo, kumiza mabokosi a matabwa ndi kuwachotsa mu kugwa pansi pa chisanu. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe, mabokosi ali ndi nthambi zafirate.. Mu kasupe, mbande zidzawoneka ndipo mbande zikhoza kuikidwa pamalo osatha.

Sapling

1. Sapling itabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Chipale chofewa chapita kale, usiku chisanu chidzatha, mpweya udzayamba kutentha dziko lapansi. Ngati nthaka idakali yozizira, ikani nthawi yobzala kwa masabata awiri.
2. Phando lakuya, lalikulu (pafupifupi 45 mpaka 45 masentimita) limakumbidwa kubzala kuti mizu ikhale yosungiramo. Pansi pali mulu wa dothi, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito (peat, phulusa, humus). Ikani mzere mkati mwa dzenje, yongani mizu ndikuphimba ndi nthaka.

Malangizo othandiza:

1. Ndi bwino kuika dothi pamwamba pa mbali imodzi, pansi pa wina ndikumba dzenje. Tagona tulo yoyenera.
2. Samalani pamutu wa mizu. Ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa pamwamba pa nthaka.

Technology

Njira yamakono yobzala mbewu ndi mbande ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Pali kusiyana kulikonse, nthaka ya izi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kwa mbewu

Kubzala kumayamba pambuyo poumitsa, pamene mbeu proklyutsya.

1. Achinyamata amamera m'zinthu zazikulu (bokosi lamatabwa, tub, mphika).
2. Mphamvu yodzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Iyenera kukhala yosalala, yotayirira, bwino kupatsirana madzi, mpweya. Ndi bwino kutenga malo kuchokera kumalo kumene kudzafika mtsogolo. Ngati nthaka ndi dothi, lolemetsa, yonjezerani mchenga ndi peat. Ndibwino kuti mupange ngalande yamadzi ndi dzenje pansi pa thanki.

Kwa mmera

Gwiritsani ntchito sapling mosavuta. Iyo yabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi.

1. Taya Cholinga cha malo otseguka, otuluka dzuwa. Mu mthunzi mitengo imakula bwino, koma ubwino wa zokolola umachepa kwambiri. Musamabzala mtengo wa apulo m'chigwachi.
2. Kutalikirana pakati ndi ena mitengo yamaluwa ndi mitengo ayenera kukhala osachepera mamita 4.
3. Mitengo imakula bwino pa dothi lachonde kapena lachonde lachonde. Iyenera kukhala yosalala, yotayirira, bwino kupatsirana madzi ndi mpweya. Ngati nthaka ndi dongo komanso yolemetsa, yonjezerani mchenga. Samalani ndi acidity. Mpweya wa mandimu wapamwamba umachotsa.
4. Ndikofunikira pa mlingo womwe madzi akumwa pansi. Ngati mukuyandikira kwambiri pafupi ndi malo otsetsereka, pangani mulu wochulukirapo pamwamba.

Kodi mtengo wa apulo umatulutsidwa liti?

Mukamabzala mitengo yotseguka, kuziika kumachitika kokha ngati kuli kofunika kwambiri.

Ukala kuchokera ku mbewu Kuika nthawi zonse kumafunikazomwe zimachitika m'magulu angapo.

1. Pambuyo pa stratification. Gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha mphukira yachinyamata.
2. Chaka chotsatira, chomerachi chimalimbikitsidwanso kuti chilowetsedwe mu chidebe chokwanira komanso chachikulu, osati kuthamangira kukafika msanga pa tsamba. Dothi lopindika ndi kutenga maulendo abwino.
3. Pa siteji yachitatu, mmerawo wabzalidwa m'munda.

Njirayi idzapangitsa kuti fruiting ayambe, mwinamwake maapulo angayambe pambuyo pa zaka 10-15.

Chisamaliro

Pofuna kukula msinkhu wa sapling, khalani oleza mtima, mosamala bwino mbewu.

Pa gawo loyamba la kukula

Nthawi yomwe mbewuzo zimaikidwa pambuyo povutikira muzitsulo zosiyana.

Masiku oyambirira

1. Ena wamaluwa amalangiza kukhala wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi. Chidebe cha mbewu chimakhala ndi filimu ya pulasitiki (kapena galasi), yomwe imachotsedwa kokha kuphuka kwa mpweya ndikusakaniza nthaka.
2. Pamene mphukira imatambasulidwa mpaka 1-2 cm mu msinkhu, filimuyi ikhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono kusunthira chidebe kumalo otsegula, otseguka. Choyamba, filimuyi imatsegulidwa kwa ora, maora 2-3, tsiku ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
3. Tetezani masamba ang'onoang'ono ku dzuwa masana. Pangani zinthu zowala zozungulira. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka ngati mphika uli pafupi ndiwindo likuyang'ana kum'mwera. Masamba aang'ono adakali ofooka ndipo amatha kuwotcha dzuwa.

Kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza nthaka

Pazigawo zoyambirira yesetsani kuthira pansi mosamala kwambiri.

Simungathe kuthirira mphukira pamwamba pa madzi okwanira kapena botolokuti musapweteke.

Sungunulani nthaka pokhapokha kuzungulira mphukira.

Kudyetsa m'chaka choyamba cha moyo kungakhale kangapo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, sikuli bwino kutenga nawo feteleza, chifukwa zimathandizira kukula kwa zobiriwira ndikufooketsa mbewu isanafike nyengo yozizira.

Kodi mungathandize bwanji mphukira?

Nthawi zonse madzi, chakudya, pentirani chipinda, chitetezeni ku zitsulo ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi masana kuchokera ku dzuwa lotentha. Mu nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kutenga chomera, kotero kuti mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino umapuma.

Mphukira yaying'ono ikadali yofooka, kotero iye Kufunikanso kumafunika - garter ku khola.

Nthawi zambiri mbande zingapo zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu. Pamene akukula pang'ono, mukhoza kuyamba kugwedeza ma diaylls. Kuti mupitirize kukula mwakukula kwambiri ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Samalani maonekedwe a chomera.

Ngati pali minga pa thunthu, ndipo mphukira ndi masamba ndi ochepa, ndi bwino kuchotsa ziphuphu zotere, chifukwa zipatso za mtengo woterezo zidzakhala zazing'ono komanso zowawa.

Kuyamba koyamba

1. Pofuna kuikiranso, chidebe chachikulu chimasankhidwa kuti chomeracho chizimva bwino komanso pali malo oti chitukuko chikhalepo. Chophika chachikulu, mpata waukulu wopanga tsinde lolimba.
2. Samalani kusamba. Sungani chomeracho mosamala kuti musapewe kuwonongeka.
3. Panthawi yopatsa, mukhoza kuchepetsa mizu, koma ndibwino kuti muzitsika mozama muzu ndi kuwukombera kumbali.

Kwa kamera kakang'ono

Apo pakubwera nthawi yofunika kwambiri isanayambe kubzala mmalo osatha. Tsopano ndikofunikira kumusamalira bwino ndikukula, kulimbitsa mizu, kupanga korona.

Kukula mizu ya zakudya

1. Sungani nthaka nthawi zonse, koma samalani ndi chinyezi chowonjezerazomwe zimavulaza komanso zimachititsa kuoneka kovunda.
2. Dyetsa phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza. Sungani chomera mu chipinda chabwino.
3. Pewani kuchoka kwa madontho otentha ndi kutentha.
4. Mosamala mamasulidwe pamwamba pa nthaka. Izi zidzathandiza bwino kutuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kupuma.

Mapangidwe a korona

Kuti mupereke korona malo abwino, mungagwiritse ntchito kudula ndi kumangiriza.

Mbewu.

1. Kusakanikirana kamera kakang'ono kakudulidwa pa msinkhu 80-90 masentimita. Izi ziyamba kuyambitsa kukula kwa mphukira yowonjezera ndipo m'tsogolomu mukhoza kupitiriza kupanga korona.
2. Ngati nthambi ikuyamba, chotsani mphukira pa msinkhu 50-70 cm. Zina mwazitsambazo zimadula omwe amawoneka bwino ndi thunthu. Impso yachitatu imfupikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe amapanga mbali yaikulu.

   Wotsogolera (kumtunda kwa thunthu) amadulidwanso. Poyerekeza ndi mphukira, imayenera kukhalabe patsogolo (kutsika ndi 15-20 masentimita.).

Kumangirira

1. Nthambi za mtengo wa apulo wachinyamata zimamangirizidwa kumtunda wapansi, msomali kapena tsinde, kuwapatsa malo osakanikirana. Mungathe kuyika chidutswa cha makatonikotero kuti chingwe sichigwa ndi kuvulaza nthambi. Pang'onopang'ono, iwo ayamba kuphatikiza pa malo atsopano.

   Mukamangirira, musafulumire kukana nthambi zazing'ono zazing'ono, ngati kukula kukucheperachepera, iwo adzakhala osokonezeka. Amalowetsa mmerawo amapereka mphukira zina. Mangani nthambi zokha komanso zamphamvu.. Kuyesera kupereka nthambi ndi malo osasunthika sizothandiza kuti musachoke. Zokwanira kupanga mtunda wa madigiri makumi atatu kuchokera pa malo ofunikira.

2. Mukhoza kuthandizira pothandizira phonje yomwe imayendetsedwa pansi.

Pa chiwembu

Mutabzala, ndikofunika kupatsa apulo wamng'onoyo chisamaliro chabwino kuti athe kukhala bwino, ayambe kukula ndikukula.

Kuyambira kubadwa kufikira zipatso zoyamba

Zaka zoyamba za kukula ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Tsatirani ndondomeko yoyang'anira zosamalira.

1. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera komanso kozolowereka.. Pofuna kumvetsetsa kuti mizu ili pati, mukhoza kukoka bwalo kuzungulira mtengo kapena galimoto mu zingwe zing'onozing'ono. Kenaka pangani zozizwitsa zapadera za kutuluka kwa madzi.
2. Samalani nthaka. Udzu, kuchotsa mizu ndi namsongole. Samasulani pansi. Mu nyengo yowuma, izi zidzakuthandizira kupititsa madzi kumidzi, komanso nyengo yamvula - mpweya.
3. M'chaka choyamba, feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutabzala.. M'zaka zotsatira, mukhoza kuthira manyowa potashi, feteleza phosphate. Nitrous siyivomerezedwe panobe.
4. Thandizo lodalirika Mukhoza kumangiriza nyemba pamphepete. Izi zimalimbikitsa kukula bwino, kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Iyenera kukhala womangirizidwa ku zingwe zitatu, zokonzedwa mu katatu kapena ziwiri. Pachifukwa ichi, zikopazo zimayikidwa kumbali yakumanja ndi kumanzere kwa thunthu.
5. Zonsezi zimadula mitengo. Chotsani nthambi zonse zakale (zosafunikira). Pazaka zoyambirira, kudulira ndikofunika kuti apangidwe korona wolondola ndipo adzakhala kupewa matenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito korona, samverani momwe nthambi zilili.
6. Sizingakhale zodabwitsa kupanga mankhwala am'mawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. chifukwa choteteza tizilombo.
7. Kuti tipeze moyo pa nyengo yoyamba, sungani mulching musanafike nyengo yoyamba yozizira. Monga mulch kukwanira: utuchi, humus, udzu, nkhuni chips.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji zokolola zabwino?

Kuti mtengo uyambe kubala chipatso, muyenera kuyipitsa mungu. Kudzaza koyera kumatchula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilimwe.
Posankha pollinator, makondomu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yomwe imafalikira komanso zokolola za nthawi yomweyo monga White bulk: Grushovka Moskovskaya, Mantet, Anis Sverdlovskiy ndi ena.

Kuti mtengo wa apulo uyambe kubala zipatso bwino osati "kuzunzidwa" kuchokera ku maapulo opitirira muyeso, ndi kofunika kuti muzitsuka bwino zipatso za chipatso. Mu gulu lililonse maapulo angapo amapangidwa. Panthawiyi, muyenera kuchotsa imodzi pakati pa mtengo uliwonse.. Ngati izi sizinayende, mtundu wa zokolola ukhoza kuchepa, ndipo chaka chotsatira mtengowo udzapuma ndipo sudzabala zipatso zambiri.

Ngati nthambi zodzala ndi zipatso ndikuyamba kugwada pansi, muyenera kuthandizira pothandizidwa ndi zikopa zapadera zomwe zimayendetsedwa pansi. Thandizo limeneli nthawi zambiri limapangidwira mitengo yokhwima, koma ingakhale yofunikira kwa achinyamata.

Kusamala bwino mtengo

Pitirizani kusamalira mtengo: madzi, manyowa nthaka, chitetezeni ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, tithe kudulira kasupe.

1. Kawirikawiri kasupe kudulira kudzakuthandizani kukonzanso mtengo apulo. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ngakhale mitengoyo yomwe ikuyamba kutaya makhalidwe awo okongoletsa ndi kubereka zipatso imadzakhalanso ndi moyo pambuyo pa kudulira kasupe.
2. Kudzaza koyera sikulekerera nyengo yozizira. Koma, kutentha kwambiri kusanayambe nyengo yozizira sikudzavulaza. Pofuna kuteteza khungwa ku makoswe, mukhoza kutsuka thunthu la mtengo wa apulo kapena kuika spruce.
3. Feteleza kwa mtengo wamkulu ukulimbikitsidwa kuti uchitidwe m'magulu angapo.
4. Kudyetsa koyamba kumabwera kumapeto kwa April. Pansi pa mtengo, perekani mazana asanu magalamu a urea kapena ndowa zisanu ndi imodzi za humus. Nthawi yachiwiri imamera ndi madzi humus kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Chachiwiri chikuchitika pa mapangidwe a chipatso.

   Mu 200 malita a madzi kuchepetsa 1 makilogalamu a nitrosafat ndi 20 gm ya youma sodium humate. Pansi pa mtengo umodzi anatsanulira 30 malita a yankho. Yotsirizirayi ikadzatha kukolola. Manyowa ndi potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate (350 magalamu). Mu nyengo youma, feteleza amadzipiritsidwa m'madzi.

Kukula mitengo ya apulo ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta. Ziribe kanthu momwe mungasankhire - chomera mbewu kapena kugula mmera wokonzeka. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kupereka mphamvu, nthawi, kudzipereka pa chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro cha chomera china. Ndi chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kukula mtengo wamapulo wamphamvu, umene umabweretsa zipatso zochuluka pachaka.