Peyala ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Peyala inafika ku Russia kuchokera ku Persia wakale ndipo inafalikira ponseponse m'dzikoli.
Peyala ya marble ndi imodzi mwa mapeyala otchuka kwambiri omwe amakula m'mayiko a Russia.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Pali zifukwa zambiri zosiyanitsira mitundu ya mapeyala, zomwe ndizo:
- nyengo yakucha zipatso;
- choyimira korona;
- kutalika kwa mitengo.
Malamulo a kucha
Kodi yakucha liti? Peyala Marble imatchula mitundu yoyamba yophukira, monga zipatso zake zimabala kumayambiriro kwa September. Mitengo iyi ili ndi kutalika kwake ndi korona wa pyramidal.
Mitundu yotsatira ya mapeyala imathandizanso m'dzinja: Thumbelina, Larinska, Uralochka, Bere Bosk ndi Silent Don.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mmodzi wa otchuka oyendetsa ngale ku Russia anali I.V. Michurin. Ndi amene anatha kubweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala yomwe ingathe kukula mu nyengo ya Russia. Zosiyanasiyanazi zinatchulidwa Bere yozizira Michurina.
Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, abambo A.M. Ulyanischeva ndi GD Ayi-msewu, wogwira ntchito pa sitima ya minda ya maluwa mumzinda wa Rossosh, womwe uli m'chigawo cha Voronezh, anagwiritsa ntchito bwino Michurin zomwe amadziwa komanso zomwe zinamuchitikira ndipo anadutsa nyengo yozizira Bere pear ndi zosiyanasiyana Forest beauty.
Motero, mitundu yatsopano yowonjezera - Marble Pear. Mu 1965, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inalowa mu Register Register. Inayamba kukula m'madera akumidzi, Lower Volga, Volga-Vyatka ndi Central Black Earth.
Maonekedwe
Mtengo wa Marble Pear ukhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi zake zamphamvu, kutalika kwake ndi koronadi ya piramidi, yomwe ili pansi pamunsi. Makungwa a mtengo umenewu ali ndi imvi. Peyala ya marble ili ndi chizoloŵezi chofooka chokhala ndi mphukira. Iwo ali ofiira-ofiira mu mtundu ndipo amatsogoleredwa mmwamba.
Mphukirazo zimadzaza ndi mphodza zobiriwira. Maluwawo ndi amtundu wanji ndipo ndi ofiira. Maluwa a mtengo poyamba ali ndi mtundu woyera, koma panthawi ya zipatso zimakhala zobiriwira. Inflorescences ndi ambulera-yofanana ndipo imaphatikizapo maluwa ang'onoang'ono asanu ndi atatu mpaka asanu ndi anai.
Peyala "Marble": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Mtundu uwu wa peyala uli ndi kuwala kobiriwira masamba obiriwira ndi ovoid mawonekedwe, omwe ali pamtunda waukulu mpaka mphukira. Mitengo ya Fruiting Marble imatchulidwa ku mtundu wamtunduwu, chifukwa zipatso zake zimakula nthawi zambiri pamphepete mwazitsamba zomwe zimapezeka nthambi ziwiri kapena zinayi.
Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ponseponse komanso ofewa pamwamba. Zipatso zili ndi khungu lenileni, limene lili pansi pake ndi mtundu wautoto.
Mtundu waukulu wa chipatsocho ndi wobiriwira-wachikasu, koma pambali ya mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Marble pali malo ofiira ofiira a bulauni, chifukwa chomwe izi zimatchulidwa motere. Zipatso za peyala ya Marble ali ndizitali, sing'anga-kakulidwe zimayambira.
Zipatso zamakono zingakhale ndi kirimu kapena zoyera ndipo zimadziwika ndi zomangamanga. Mbeuyi ndi yofiira kwambiri ndipo imapezeka mowirikiza mu chipatso.
Mapeyala a marble ali ndi zokoma zokoma ndi zonunkhira zokoma ndipo amakhala ndi mapeyala a peyala.
Mapeyala a zithunzi "Marble":
Zizindikiro
Peyala ya marble nthawi zambiri imayamba kupereka zipatso m'chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri pambuyo pa budding ndipo imadziwika ndi zokolola zazikulu. Zipatso zake zimabala kumayambiriro kwa September, ndipo nthawi ya ogula imakhala pafupifupi masabata atatu kapena anai. Zipatso zochotsedwa zingasungidwe masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri. Iwo ali ndi mlingo wokwera wa transportability ndi makhalidwe abwino amtengo wapatali.
Zinthu zomwe zingachepetse zokolola ndi nyengo yamkuntho komanso mphepo yamphamvu, chifukwa mapeyala akhoza kutha. Peyala ya marble imadziwika ndi pafupifupi chisanu kukana.
Rogneda, Duchess, Sverdlovchanka, Feeriya, Lel ndi Chizhovskaya amasonyeza bwino kukana chisanu.
Imodzi mwa ubwino wa peyala ya Marble ndi kukana kwa nkhanambo, powdery mildew ndi zipatso zowola. Mitundu ya pearl ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mungu wochokera ku mapeyala a Marble. Katolika, Severyanka, Oryol chilimwe ndi Oryol kukongola.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mapeyala a marble amalimbikitsidwa kuti afesedwe kaya masika kapena m'dzinja - pafupifupi mwezi umodzi chisanafike chisanu. Chokomera kwambiri kwa mbande za mtengo uwu ndi loamy nthaka.
M'nthaka iyi Peyala ya Marble inatsimikiziridwa kuti ikupatsani inu zokolola zabwino, ngati mutatsatira malamulo omusamalira.
Ngati mwasankha kubzala peyala ya Marble mu nthaka ya dothi, mu dzenje lodzala ndilololedwa onjezani peat, kompositi ndi mchenga wa mtsinje kukula kwakukulu.
Izi zidzathandiza kuti mmerawo ukhale wabwino, wokhutiritsa kufunikira kwake kwa mpweya. Pa dothi la mchenga, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera monga humus, peat ndi kompositi.
Kuzama kwa mabowo obzala mbande ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo kukula kwake kukhale mita imodzi. Ndibwino kuti ndikumbe dzenje masiku angapo musanafike. Pansi pa dzenje, mukhoza kutaya makoko a mandimu ndi zitini zamatini.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Ngati mukufuna kudzala nthaka ya Marble pamalo pomwe pamakhala madzi pansi, muyenera kupanga dzenje kuti muthe madzi awa, mwinamwake mtengo ukhoza kufa.
Pofuna kubwezeretsanso bwino kubzala mbande pazitsamba zazing'ono. Pafupi ndi Marble Pear mungathe kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana za masamba koma kupatula chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa. Zikondwerero zazitalizi zimachokera ku nthaka pafupifupi zakudya zonse zofunika pa mtengo wa peyala.
Mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, ndipo fetereza m'chaka choyamba cha kubzala sikofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Mitengo yokhwima imayenera kuthirira kambirimbiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Kusakaniza ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira.
Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kukumba phokoso pafupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, yomwe yakuya iyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndikuyamwa madzi mosamala. Pothirira madzi mita imodzi ya peyala, mufunika zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu za madzi.
Pambuyo kuthirira, komanso mvula itatha, m'pofunika kumasula mazenera a pristvolny kumsongole.
Mu March, nkofunika kukonzanso mapeyala, kuchotsa nthambi zakale ndikufupikitsa otsalawo. Izi zidzathandiza kuteteza korona kukulitsa komanso kumathandiza kuti apangidwe maluwa atsopano.
Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, Marble Pear amafunika kupopedwa. Kupopera mbewu koyamba kuyenera kuchitika panthawi ya mphukira, yomwe ingathandize kuteteza mtengo ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kutaya mtengo kachiwiri uyenera kukhala pamene umawonekera masamba. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga "Fury", "Strobe" ndi "Inta-Vir".
Mu Meyi, m'pofunikira kuyamba kuyamba kukulitsa nthaka ndi zochitika zina Kwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito saltpeter, urea, mkuwa sulphate ndi boric asidi yankho. Kwa mtengo wachikulire, nkofunika kuyambitsa udzu wodula m'mphepete mwake ndikudyetsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Musaiwale kuti udzu umawononga kwambiri nthaka. Pofuna kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kubzala manyowa wobiriwira, womwe udzawonongeka panthawi yophukira ndikupangitsa nthaka kukhala yofunikira.
Chofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha peyala cha Marble m'chilimwe chimakhala madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Mu September-Oktoba, m'pofunika kupukuta mitengo ikuluikulu, ndipo kutsogolo kwachitsulo kofiira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zilonda pamakungwa a mitengo. November ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolima manyowa.
Pochita izi, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu monga kompositi, potaziyamu, superphosphate, dolomite, phulusa, sodium chloride, mchere ndi laimu. Feteleza ayenera kuikidwa pambali pa peyala kapena kuzungulira pazitali za korona wake.
M'miyezi yozizira, mitengo imatha kutenthedwa ndi chipale chofewa kuti iwateteze ku kuzizizira, ndipo mbande zazing'ono zimafuna dothi lamtunda.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Peyala ya marble imalephera kwambiri ku powdery mildew ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, koma ikufunikirabe njira zina zothandizira kuteteza.
Pochita zimenezi, nthawi ya m'dzinja amakumba pafupi-thunthu mabwalo, kuwachotsera masamba osagwa, ndipo nthawi yachisanu amatsuka khungwa lakale ku mtengo wa mtengo, kupanga malo atsopano. Pofuna kuteteza mtengo wa mtengo kuchokera ku makoswe, mungagwiritse ntchito shag kapena fodya.
Peyala ya marble ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri ya chipatso ichi. Ngati mukumusamalira mwachidwi, ndithudi adzakupatsani mphotho yokoma ndi zipatso zokoma.
Musanyalanyaze kulemera kwa nthaka ndi mchere ndi kupopera mbewu mitengo kuti muteteze ku zirombo ndi matenda. Onetsetsani mosamala chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa mitengo yawo, ndipo kenako adzakusangalatsani kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ikulimbana ndi matenda: Limonka, Lira, Northenian Red-cheeked, Moscow oyambirira ndi Noyabrskaya.
