Chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimatengedwa ngati chokoma, osaganizira ngakhale kuti chikhoza kukula bwino pamabedi.
Mapindu ndi chisangalalo cha kukoma kokoma katsitsumzuko sichikhoza kufanana ndi china chirichonse.
Kuwonjezera apo, zokolola zoyamba za katsitsumzukwa weniweni zimakhala zenizeni kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, popeza mphukira zake zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Komabe, ndi katsitsumzukwa kowona, anthu ambiri amamvetsetsa nyemba yatsitsumzu ya nyemba zamasamba m'mayiko mwathu, omwe kwenikweni ali wamba capsicum, amadyedwa komanso sanagwiritse ntchito katsitsumzukwa, mu mawonekedwe achikulire.
Kukhala othandiza kwa mafani ndi katsitsumzukwa ndi katsitsumzukwa nyemba, uzani za zenizeni za kukula ndi kuti, ndi zina.
Timakula katsitsumzukwa m'munda wathu: zomwe muyenera kudziwa komanso kumene mungayambe?
Kukonzekera kubzala katsitsumzukwa: sankhani dothi ndikulikonza
Musanayambe kubzala katsitsumzukwa, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino za mbeu. Ndipotu, sizodabwitsa kwa ife, ndipo "zachilendo" izi ndi izi:
- Ndili ndi zomera zosadzichepetsa kwambiri zomwe zimalekerera kutentha kutentha. Mu mawonekedwe akuluakulu ali ndi zofanana ndi fern, kukula kwake kufika pamtunda wa mamita 1.5.
- Mzu wa katsitsumzukwa wotsala m'nyengo yozizira sunawonongeke ndi chisanu, ngakhale pa -30ºС, koma masika chisanu ndi choopsa chifukwa chobiriwira (zomwe zimadya). Kuwonongeka kumawoneka pa zomera ngakhale pa -5 ºC.
- Pambuyo pachisanu, zomera zimayamba kudzuka pokhapokha kutentha kwa mpweya kumayamba kuwonjezeka mpaka +10 ºї. Pakati pa zipatso za chilimwe zimawoneka pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi masamba a katsitsumzukwa.
- Katsitsumzukwa kamakula pokhapokha kunja kwa mbewu, chifukwa imatha kukula pamalo amodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 15. Zokongola kwambiri malo okwezeka omwe sagwedezeka ndi zojambula ndi mphepo yozizira. Ndi bwino kusankha phiri lalifupi ndi mtunda kumwera.
- Ngakhale kukhala wodzichepetsa kuti nyengo izikhala bwino, kukula kwa chomeracho kumafuna kupereka nthaka yabwino. Makamaka, mchenga wamchenga ndiwo woyenerera bwino momwe angakhalire.
- Monga malo odzala katsitsumzukwa, olima amaluwa ndi olima amaluwa akulangizidwa kuti azitenga malo omwe kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo obiriwira kapena malo oswana. Komanso, nthaka yomwe imachotsedwa pamtundawu imakhala yochuluka kwa katsitsumzukwa, chifukwa chimbudzi champhamvu kwambiri chimakhala chimapezeka pamalo amenewa.
Ngati tapeza kuti nthaka ndi yabwino yotani katsitsumzukwa, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe zatsala ndikuyamba kukonzekera.
Makamaka, malo oyenera akadali mosamala komanso mozama kukumba mu kugwa. Amakhala ndi feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito manyowa ovunda kapena osadziwika. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu 50 mpaka 60 pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
M'nyengo yamasika, malowa adzafuna kuwononga, komanso kudyetsa kwina. Makamaka, pafupifupi magalamu 20 a ammonium nitrate ndi 20 mpaka 30 magalamu a potaziyamu kloride ayenera kuwonjezeka ku dera la 1m2.
Zomalizazi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi phulusa (pafupifupi 60 magalamu pamalo omwewo). Komanso, ndi kofunika kulamulira kuti palibe namsongole akuwonekera pa chiwembucho.
Tili kufesa mbewu za katsitsumzukwa: zowonjezera mbande zodalirika bwanji?
Musanafese mbewu ziyenera kusinthidwa, mwinamwake mbande sizingatheke.
Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti katsitsumzukwa kakhoza kukhala wamkulu bwino kupyolera mu rhizomes, komabe, ndi kovuta kwambiri kuti muwapeze.
Choncho, ndi bwino kukula mbande zako zomwe zidzakulitsidwenso m'tsogolomu.
Mbewu chimodzimodzi kumera kumalimbikitsa nsalu ndi ola limodzi anatumizidwa ku yankho la potaziyamu permanganateKutenthedwa kwa 40ºС.
Pambuyo kutsuka mbewu ndi madzi oyera, zimatsalira mu minofu yonyowa kwa masiku 5-6.
Ngati muwasungira kutentha kwa 20 mpaka 28 ºС ndipo nthawi zonse mumeta nsalu imene mbewuzo zimakulungidwa, posachedwa zidzamera ndikukhala okonzeka kubzala pamalo otseguka.
Pamene ndi malingana ndi chiwembu chinamera katsitsumzukwa kambewu kabzalidwa?
Ndi bwino kudzala mbewu zatsutsumzu pakatikati pa mwezi wa April. Ndi bwino kubzala mu greenhouses kapena pansi pa filimu, osayiwala kuti mbeu imatha kutentha.
Chiwembu chabwino chidzakhala makilogalamu 6 mpaka 6, omwe salola kuti zomera zokha zikhazikike, komanso kuti zisamalire. Mbewu imalowa mu kuya kwa masentimita awiri. Komanso, kuti mupeze mbande imodzi yomwe imakhalapo nthawi imodzi, nthaka itatha kufesa ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi.
Mbali ndi malamulo kusamalira katsitsumzukwa mbande
- Mbande za katsitsumzukwa ziyenera kukhala madzi nthawi zonse, ndi nthaka imene imakula, kumasula.
- Pambuyo pa kumera kwa mbeu yoyamba, amadyetsedwa ndi mullein (gawo limodzi la magawo 6 a madzi) kapena ammonium nitrate (1 mamita pafupifupi 20 magalamu).
- Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kochulukira, koma nkofunika kuti nthaka isakhale yovuta pang'ono.
- Popeza katsitsumzukwa kamatha kukula mu mawonekedwe mpaka masika am'mawa, nthawi yonse ya chilimwe iyenera kudyetsedwa monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa kangapo. Monga feteleza, pafupifupi magalamu 40 a superphosphate akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mu chidebe chovala choyenera.
- Pofuna kuteteza mbande m'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala ndi kugwa ndi manyowa kapena kompositi kuchokera ku udzu.
Timayamba kubzala katsitsumzukwa mbande pamalo otseguka
Pakati pa mbande zomwe zimapezeka, zomera zambiri sizingatheke kulima.
Choncho, pozitenga kuchokera ku hotbed kumapeto kwa nyengo (chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafoloko) ndi bwino kuyesa chomera chilichonse bwino ndikusankha zamphamvu kwambiri.
Njira yaikulu ya mbande zabwino;
- Maonekedwe abwino.
- Kukhalapo kwa 5-7 bwino anayamba mphukira.
- Mizu yotukuka.
Malamulo omwe ali abwino kwambiri kubzala katsitsumzukwa mbande pamalo otseguka
Kubzala katsitsumzukwa mbande kawirikawiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Inde, kuti panthawiyi dothi liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi nthawi yambiri yozizira komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Komabe, anthu ambiri amabzala katsitsumzukwa mbande potseguka pansi nthawi yomweyo m'chaka cha kufesa. Pachifukwa ichi, izi zikuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa June kuti alole zomera kuti zilowerere kumalo atsopano akukula asanayambe nyengo yozizira. Pankhaniyi, m'chaka chachiwiri kumayambiriro kasupe, katsitsumzukwa rhizomes zidzaikidwa, osati mbande okha.
Chiwembu chodzala mbande pamalo otseguka ndi kufesa nthaka kuti ikule bwino
Kupaka katsitsumzukwa kumafunika kwambiri - pafupifupi mita imodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'lifupi la mzere wokhalamo umayenera kukhala masentimita 30 m'lifupi, ndi masentimita 25 mozama.
Mwachidziwikire, n'zosatheka kuika mbande mwakuya, zokhazokha ziyenera kukhala 15-16 masentimita pansi pa nthaka. Komabe, pansi pa mizere ikufunika fetereza feteleza, poyamba kumasula nthaka pansi ndi kufalitsa chisakanizo cha humus, phulusa ndi superphosphate ndi chitunda.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa pamtunda uwu, ndi mizu imafalikira pamwamba pake. Anabzala zomera mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita 6, pakati pa zomera zimayenera kuchoka pa mpweya wa masentimita 40. Mbande zimagona mu mizere ndi chithandizo cha humus, mwamsanga mutatha madzi okwanira.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi mutabzala, nkofunikira kuyang'ana momwe mbeu zimatha kukhalira mizu m'malo atsopano. Ngati zomera zakufa zikupezeka, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano.
Mlimi wamaluwa: dera lomwe liri pakati pa mizere lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwaluso, kulitenga pansi pa kubzala udzu winawake kapena katsitsumzukwa nyemba pa nyemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nyemba zidzakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa nthaka, kuzipindulitsa ndi nitragin.
Zowonjezera zosamalira katsitsumzukwa kobzala pamalo otseguka
- Zonsezi za chisamaliro, zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa kwa katsitsumzukwa mbande, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mofanana kufanana ndi kusamalira zomera.
- Pambuyo pake, pamene katsitsumzukwa kakukwera pamwamba pa mabedi pamzere wawo, nthaka ikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi saltpeter, pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu 30 a feteleza pa 1m2.
- Ndiponso, nthawi ino n'zotheka kuti pang'onopang'ono mufike pabedi, kudzaza grooves pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka kuchokera mzere wa mzere. Pokhapokha mutha kukolola danga pakati pa katsitsumzukwa.
- M'dzinja, mapesi onse a chomera amadulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Chiwembu cha nyengo yozizira chimaphimbidwa ndi humus. Kuti asatayike mizere ndi katsitsumzukwa, makola amaikidwa pamapeto pake, ndipo kumapeto kwa kasupe kumtunda pakati pa mizere ikuyandikira pa iwo.
Matenda a katsitsumzu, komanso njira zotetezera zomera kwa iwo
Ngakhale kuti katsitsumzukwa kosakanikirana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kumatengedwa ngati kosavuta, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta ndi bowa. Komanso, matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kugunda zomera masiku awiri okha.
Choncho, n'zotheka kutaya minda yonse. Mukhoza kudziwa momwe ma bowa amaonekera pofa pamutu, kenako nthambi zonse zimauma ndi kugwa.
Njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Readzol." Komabe, pofuna kulimbana kuti zikhale zogwira mtima, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira komanso kutsatira mosamala malangizo a malangizo.
Komanso, vuto lalikulu la katsitsumzukwa kumaperekedwa ndi tizilombo tooneka ngati tizirombo tating'ono zakuda. Awa ndiwo makoswe a shuga, omwe mphutsi zake zimatha kuwononga masamba onse ndikupangitsa kuti mbewu zonsezi ziume.
Mungathe kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo Aktelik ndi Fufanon. Kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kumadziwitsanso ndi malangizo omwe angakuthandizeni kuwononga tizilombo mwamsanga, popanda mankhwala obwerezabwereza.
Timayamba kukolola katsitsumzukwa, komanso ndi zozizwitsa za yosungirako
Pambuyo maonekedwe a woyamba kasupe mphukira ndi pamaso pa katsitsumzukwa yokolola, osachepera 3-4 masabata ayenera kudutsa. Kotero, mphukira ikhoza kuthetsedwa mu May. Komanso, nthawi yokolola imayamba nthawi yomweyo pamene mitu ya chomera imayang'ana pamwamba pa mtunda.
Mphepete iliyonse imafufuzidwa chifukwa chaichi kuchokera pansi, ndipo pansi pake imakonzedwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkofunika kuti musamawononge nsonga za msuzi.
Ndikofunika kubwezeretsa nthaka yoswekayo ndikuiikamo. Mukhoza kukolola masiku awiri, ngakhale mu chaka choyamba mukhoza kupitirizabe kwa masiku pafupifupi 20. Mukafika msinkhu wokalamba kwambiri, katsitsumzu katsopano ka mabedi kamatha kupezeka pafupi masiku 45.
Kwa yosungirako, katsitsumzukwa kamatumizidwa ku chipinda chofunda, kukonzedweratu, kudula nsonga ndikuyika m'mabasiketi, kuyesera kuti asawonongeke. Kuwonjezera apo, yosungirako imaganiza kuti nyembazo zimasungidwa mu firiji pa kutentha kuchokera 0 mpaka 2 ° C. Mu mawonekedwe awa, sichidzasungiranso mawonekedwe ake atsopano, komanso kukoma kwake.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mitundu ya biringanya ku Siberia
Sungani nyemba m'munda wanu: phunzirani kukula mbewu zabwino ndikuyamba kukolola nthawi
Kukonzekera nthaka yobzala nyemba pa nyemba yobiriwira
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira komanso yosadziwika. Chiberekero chimathandizanso. Kuwala kowala kudzachita, ngakhale zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, ndikofunika kuti madzi apansi anali otsika.
Chifukwa chakuti chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi anthracosis, chaka chilichonse chiyenera kubzalidwa m'malo atsopano, ndi bwino kusankha mabedi pambuyo pa mbewuzo. Komanso, pokonzekera dothi, muyenera:
- Tengani malo owala bwino ndikuchotsa namsongole.
- Kuyambira nthawi ya autumn, dulani pabedi ndi kulima ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu kloride.
- M'chaka kuti potash feteleza.
Mbali za kufesa mbewu za nyemba katsitsumzukwa nyemba: kuphunzira sayansi
Kufesa sikuyambira mpaka June, chifukwa mbewu zimamera pa kutentha kwambiri - kuchokera ku 20ºС. Izi zimathetsanso mwayi wa masika frosts. Nkhumba zomwe poyamba zidakulungidwa ndi kumera zidzakhala zowonjezereka komanso zodalirika, ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kuti zithetsedwe ku katsitsumzukwa.
Nthanga za nyemba za msuzi wa nyemba zimabzalidwa mwachindunji pansi, popanda chiyambi cha mbewu. Mbewu imakhala mu maenje a pafupifupi masentimita atatu.
Ndondomeko yobzala iyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 8 pakati pa zomera zomwe zidabzalidwa mumzere womwewo, ndi magawo atatu a masentimita 30. Komabe, musayiwalike kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa nyemba za nyemba zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, choncho pakati pa zomera zotero muyenera kuchoka pachitunda cha masentimita 35, ndipo pitani nyemba ziwiri mu dzenje limodzi. Mabedi atatha kufesa amakhala ndi humus.
Zikuwoneka pambuyo pa masabata awiri akuwombera wodwala, akusiya zomera zamphamvu kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri panthawiyi Perekani zomera ndi kuthirira bwinozomwe zidzathandiza kukula kwa zomera zowonjezereka komanso kupanga mapepala abwino.
Mafuta a Asparag ndi zowonetsera pa nyengo yonse yokula
Pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa mbande, katsitsumzukwa katsamba sikuyenera kungopereka chinyezi, koma nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa namsongole, komanso kupanga feteleza kudyetsa zomera ndikuthandizira kukula. Makamaka, zowonjezera zakudya ndi feteleza zimatulutsidwa m'nthaka ndi nyemba panthawi ya mphukira yomwe imapanga komanso nthawi yake.
Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mizere yomwe yapangidwira kuti ikhale yofanana ndi mizere ya zomera. Zitatha izi, mizere imakhala ndi nthaka.
Pofuna kulimbitsa mizu ya katsitsumzukwa nyemba, zitsamba zake zimachoka kale pa nthawi ya kukula, pamene zomera zimakhala ndi masentimita 10. Pogwedeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chomera ichi, nkofunika kwambiri kukopera nsonga pamene chomeracho chili kale mamita awiri.
Izi zimachitika kuti asiye kukula ndi kutumizira mphamvu zonse za zomera kuti apange mapepala. Komanso, ndikofunika kuti musaiwale za thandizo la mtundu uwu wa katsitsumzukwa ka nyemba.
Zokwanira zokolola zimakolola nyemba zatsitsumzu za nyemba zamasamba: bwanji kuti musachedwe ndikupeza nyemba zosungira madzi?
Chokolola choyamba, ndiko kusonkhanitsa kwa nyemba zobiriwira kuti azigwiritsire ntchito chakudya, zimapangidwa malinga ndi mawu opatsa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso nthawi yobzala.
Choncho, kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyemba imapezeka patapita miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene mphukira inayamba, ndipo patapita nthawi nyengoyi imachedwa ndi theka la mwezi.
Mankhwalawa amakololedwa m'manja pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi atatu kuchokera pamene nyemba zimangirizidwa. Ngati makoswe amadula nthawi zonse, chomeracho chimangiriza zatsopano. Mu nyengo imodzi, nthawi zambiri zimatha kukolola 5 kukolola.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano pophika kuphika, kumalongeza ndi kuzizira. Zatsopano zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
