Duwa la Begonia - kufalitsa kunyumba

Begonia (wochokera ku Latin Begonia) ndi mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya begonias, yomwe imagawidwa masamba okongoletsa komanso maluwa. Begonias ndiyabwino pakati pa alimi chifukwa cha kukongola kwakunja ndi kuthekera kosamalirana. Pansipa m'nkhaniyi tikambirana za kubadwa kwa duwa ili.

Kufotokozera kwamaluwa

Magulu anayi a begonias amadziwika:

• tsamba lokongoletsera - lopanda tsinde lopingasa, lokhala ndi masamba akutali ndi mizu yokongoletsera;
• chitsamba - chokhala ndi nthambi, zowonda ndi masamba ambiri;
• ukufalikira - wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino, masamba owala ndi nthawi yayitali ya maluwa. Amaonedwa kuti ndiosavuta kukula komanso kusamalira;
• tuberous - yokhala ndi matendawa (mpaka 70-80 masentimita) otumphukira ndi thunthu lotsekemera. Kubzala ndi kusamalira tuber seed begonia ndikosavuta.

Begonia kuswana

Momwe mungafalitsire begonia

Duwa limatha kubzalidwa m'njira zambiri:

• kugawa kwa rhizome - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa begonias a tubonda;
• kudula tsinde (kudula) - njira yosavuta;
• zidutswa za masamba - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu popanda tsinde;
• mbewu - yabwino kwa mitundu yonse kupatula maluwa. Njirayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika ndi zovuta za njirayi.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza njira zinayi zonsezi za kubereka.

Kufalikira mwanjira iyi ndi koyenera kwa mitundu yambiri ya begonias. Poyamba, muyenera kutulutsa chitsamba kuchokera mumphika, kudula zitsinde zazitali, masamba ndi ma peduncle. Kenako, muyenera kutsuka mizu m'madzi.

Mukatha kukonzekera, pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, kudula loboti ya phokoso kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi impso imodzi. Kenako amawazidwa makala opangira ndi kuuchotsa ndi chowonjezera muzu, heteroauxin kapena rootin ndi oyenera. Tsopano zibzalidwe mumiphika, kuthirira ndi kukulira.

Kufalikira kwa begonias ndikudula kunyumba ndizotheka ndipo ndi koyenera kwa mitundu iliyonse yokhala ndi tsinde. Pazomera zamkati, ndibwino kuyamba kubzala mu Marichi, mukadzala poyera, mutha kudula mu June. Kutentha sikuyenera kuzizira kuposa 20-25 ° C.

Kudula

Choyamba muyenera kudula phesi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Masamba otsika amatha kudulidwa kwathunthu, kudula lalikulu pakati. Kenako zigawozi ziyenera kuti ziume. Pambuyo poti ziume kwathunthu, mutha kuyamba kuzika mizu.

Tsopano mutha kuphika mphika wokulira begonias. Ndikofunikira kusakaniza mchenga ndi dothi la begonias m'njira zofanana. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso mpweya wabwino, mpweya wa peat ndioyenera izi. Ndikofunikanso kuthirira dothi ndi madzi ndikudikirira mpaka litadzaza ndi chinyezi.

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amakhala ndi funso: momwe muzu wazizilombo - pansi kapena m'madzi. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njirazi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse.

Pozika mizu m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuthira madzi oyera muchidebe chowonekera ndikudula zomera mmenemo. Mulingo wa madzi uyenera kuyikidwa kuti masamba asamizidwe. Ndikofunikira kuti musamadzaze thankiyo ndi anthu ambiri odulidwa. Kenako, chidebe ichi chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otentha komanso owala ndikuwonetsetsa kukula. Mizu ikangofika kutalika kwa masentimita 1-2, imatha kuwaika pansi.

Ndikwabwino kubisa zomwe zalandiridwa. Botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa molondola ndi loyenerera izi. Pakatha miyezi 1-2, mutha kuyamba kuzolowera mtengowo kuti ukhale ndi mpweya wabwino, ndikuchotsa chitsa cha botolo kwakanthawi, kenako - kwamuyaya. Maluwa amathanso kusangalatsa mu miyezi itatu kapena inayi.

Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mbewu zokhala ndi tsinde kapena masamba obiriwira. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, nthawi zambiri tsamba limodzi limakhala lokwanira.

Kufalitsa masamba

Choyamba muyenera kudula tsamba lalikulu komanso lathanzi ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Kenako iyenera kudulidwa kuti chilichonse chololeza chimodzi kapena ziwiri zamitsempha. Tsopano mutha kuyika izi pamchenga wonyowa (mutha kukhazikika pansi ndi dothi lapansi) ndikuphimba ndi thumba la pulasitiki.

Chotsatira, muyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri m'derali. Chifukwa cha izi, ma humidifiers opopera ndi abwino.

Yakwana nthawi yobzala mbeu pamalo osakhazikika, osaziika m'dothi lodzaza kwambiri. Komanso, izikhala yodzazidwa bwino ndi madzi.

Njira yakukula kwa mbewu ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yopezera mbande zolimba za begonia. Ndioyenera kwa begonias aliyense wamaluwa, koma pang'onopang'ono mogwirizana ndi njira zina.

Mbewu ndi dothi zitha kugulidwa m'misika yambiri yamaluwa. Njira yolera begonias imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wake. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakanikirana ndi dothi, kuipukutira ndikugawa mbewu momwemo. Chotetezachi chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otentha, owala komanso otseguka, omwe sill yotsekerayi ndi yoyenera.

Kulima mbewu

Nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kukula begonasi motere.

Ngakhale kuperewera kwenikweni kwa begonias, kubzala ndi kulima kumafuna kulondola komanso kuperewera. Popeza mbewuzi ndi zikhalidwe zamalo otentha, amafunika kupanga malo pafupi ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe.

Ngakhale duwa la begonia limatha kubereka mosiyanasiyana, mfundo zoyendetsera chisamaliro ndizofanana. Osatengera momwe mungafalitsire begonia ndikuigwiritsa ntchito, chisamaliro makamaka chimakhala chophatikizira nthawi zonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza osiyanasiyana.

Kunyumba, mphika wa begonia uyenera kuyikidwa m'dera la zenera loyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Kuwala kwachilengedwe ndikofunikira kwa mbewu, koma kuwonekera kwambiri dzuwa kungayambitse kuyaka. Chifukwa chake, kuyimbira makamaka kuwala kowala kuyeneranso kulingaliridwa. Chifukwa cha izi, khungu la ma roller, mawonekedwe a dzuwa kapena filimu yamaluwa ndiyabwino.

Kutsirira kumayenera kukhala kotakataka kwambiri m'miyezi yotentha, nthawi yozizira ndi yophukira, kufunika kwa madzi kumachepa. Madziwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsedwa, kutentha kwa firiji, kuyenera kutsanulidwa mosamala, kupewa kusefukira.

Begonia imafunika kukonzanso dothi mosamala. Zomwe zimasankhidwa molakwika komanso kuthirira osaphunzira kumawononga mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto oterewa amabwera ndikudzutsa mbewu, pomwe olima m'munda amaiwala za mbewu zina ndikuchita njirayi.

Kutentha koyambirira ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira, pomwe mbewuyo imalolera kupitilizidwa bwino ndikuchira msanga. Pakakulila begonias, nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa pomwe mizu yake singalinso mumphika. Palibe chifukwa choti mutha kufalikira panthaka youma kapena mutangothirira, ndi bwino kuchita izi mutatha chinyontho chambiri.

Dothi

Begonia imafunikira nthaka yopepuka, yopatsa thanzi komanso yamadzi ndi mpweya wabwino. Omwe alimi ena amakonda kuphika iwo wokha, chifukwa mchengawu ndi mitsinje yayikulu, peat ndi masamba humus amasakanikirana m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 2: 2. Koma ngati palibe kukhumba kapena kuthekera kukonza nthaka nokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lopangidwa kale lokonzeka ndi begonias:

• "Lemekezani Begonia";
• "Begonia Munda wa Zodabwitsa";
• "Chamfer wa Begonias";
• "Vermion ya begonia."

Nthaka iliyonse, ngakhale itapangidwa payokha kapena yogula, iyenera kuyeretsedwa. Mumphika kapena chidebe, izi zitha kuchitika ndi kutentha.

Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yotsatsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi yozizira nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, iyenera kuyikidwa m'matumba a nsalu, kuyikidwa kuzizira kapena mufiriji ndikuyembekezera masiku asanu. Kenako matumba awa amayenera kubwezerezedwanso kwa sabata lathunthu ndikubwereza kuzizira kumeneku.

Njira inanso yosavuta yopewera matenda opatsirana ndi njira yothandizira kutentha. Muyenera kudzaza dothi mumtsuko ndikuwadzaza ndi gawo laling'ono lamadzi otentha. Chotsatira, muyenera kufatsa pang'ono, m'magolovesi olimba, kusakaniza dothi kuti linyowetse. Kenako iyenera kuyikidwa pa pepala lophika ndi wosanjikiza wocheperako wa 3-4 cm, ndikuyika mu uvuni ndikuyatsa. Ndikofunikira kusankha kutentha kwa 70-90 °, kokweza kumawononga nthaka. Katemera nthaka ikhale pafupifupi theka la ola.

Begonias amadziwika kuti ndi nyumba zamkati, zina mwa mitundu yake zimabzalidwa. Pankhaniyi, kupha matendawa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse kumafunikira zida zapadera.

Pothira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala begonia pamodzi ndi nthaka ndikumasulidwa mizu yake mosamala. Gawo la chomera liyenera kusungidwa kwa theka la ora mu njira yofooka ya manganese yophera matenda. Ngati pali mizu yovunda, amayenera kudula ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndikuwazidwa makala.

Thirani

Kenako mutha kuyikamo begonia m'malo atsopano, ndikumwaza nthaka mwamphamvu ndikuthira madzi ambiri. Pakatha sabata yotsatira mutathirira koyamba, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe dothi lilili komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'malo mongothirira nthawi zonse.

Nkhaniyi idafufuza momwe beconia imachulukana komanso momwe ingayang'anire nthawi ya kukula. Ngakhale kuti begonia imawonedwa ngati yophweka, kuchokera pakuwona kwa wolima, mtundu wa chomera, kulima kwake kumafuna kulondola, kusankha koyenera kwa njira yobala ndikutsatira mfundo zake.