Kumtchire, pali mitundu pafupifupi 600 ya mitsinje. Iwo amabwera mwa mawonekedwe a zitsamba ndi mitengo, wamtali ndi wamtali, ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a masamba ndi makungwa a khungu. Mu chikhalidwe, palinso mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu. Ndipo onsewa akhoza kuopsezedwa ndi nthendayi yambiri ndi tizilombo toononga. Pazoopsa kwambiri mwa iwo mudzaphunzira kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Mitambo ya Willow imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatekete akuphimba, kupanga mafakitale, mabasiki, nthawi zambiri sabzalidwa osati zokongoletsera zokha, komanso chifukwa chachuma.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda a msondodzi
Popeza makamaka tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'nthaka, korona komanso pansi pa masamba omwe agwa, ndi kofunika kuti muzitha kudya mtengo wa mtengo. mwa kumasula ndi kuya kukumba mu autumn, woyera masamba owuma, kutsatira malangizo kuti madzi okwanira.
Kuti musaphonye kuyamba kwa matendawa, mitengo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mu kugwa, kumayambiriro kwa tsamba kugwa, msondodzi ayenera kupopedwa ndi 3% Bordeaux madzi. Pakatikatikatikatikati, pakuwonjezera impso, mankhwala awiri amachitidwa ndi 1% yothetsera mkuwa wa sulphate ndi nthawi yapakati pa masiku 4-5.
Ndikofunikira! Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitidwa mouma, nyengo yamtendere ndi mwambo wokhazikika wa chitetezo chaumwini: maso ayenera kutetezedwa ndi magalasi, manja ndi magolovesi, mphuno ndi pakamwa ndi maski.
Whitewood yavunda
Chombo cha causative cha mitengo yayikulu yovunda yoyera imateteza bowa zabodza. Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka, poyamba kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Ndiye pa mitengo ikuluikulu mukhoza kuona zovunda zovunda.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zovunda zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi: kudula nthawi yeniyeni ya shrunken, nthambi za matenda ndi kukonza zigawo; machiritso owonda; Kudzaza matope, kuchotsa matupi a zipatso.
Brown tsamba malo
Willow imakhudzidwa ndi malo angapo: bulauni, wakuda, wakuda, bulauni. Chitukuko chawo chimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale chachikulu. Mbalame ya masamba a msondodzi imapezeka pakatikati pa chilimwe - mabala ofiira ofiira a mawonekedwe osasintha amapangidwa pamwamba pa masamba.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zowonekera, msondodzi uyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides yomwe imaloledwa ku mbewu za mtengo. Ndikofunika kutsatira mosamala malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito.
Tsamba lakuda la tsamba
Dothi lakuda lakuda lingapite patsogolo pa msondodzi. Pa nthawi yoyamba ya matendawa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika mu July, kuwala kwapakati kufika 1.5 masentimita kumawoneka pamapepala. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mabala wakuda amawoneka pamwamba pawo. Spores zipsa m'nyengo ya masika, ndiye amayamba kulandira masamba aang'ono.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Nthambi zowonongeka ziyenera kuwonongedwa mwamsanga ndi kuyaka. Kenaka mtengowo uyenera kukhala wawiri kapena katatu kuti ugwiritse ntchito mankhwala.
Gulu Loyera
Mabala a korona ndi kukula kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mizu ya msondodzi, yomwe imakhala ngati momwe mtengo umachitira kukhumudwa chifukwa cha tizirombo kapena bowa. Choncho, chomera chikuyesera kuteteza thupi lanu ku matenda. Mavutowa ndi aakulu kwambiri, opangidwa ndi bulauni. Kuopsa kwa msondodzi kumapanga, ngati pali thumba la thunthu lonse. Pankhaniyi, zomera zidzafooka kwambiri.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kufufuza mitengo nthawi ndi nthawi. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo towononga nthawi yake.
Mukudziwa? Willow ndi mtengo wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wotsutsa. Amatha kuchira ngakhale ngati thunthu lake lathyoledwa mpaka pansi.
Mame a Mealy
Mame a mealy ali ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino - maluwa oyera a mealy pamasamba. Iwonetsedwa, monga lamulo, mu July. Ndimasangalala ndi bowa. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa July, pamene matendawa akufalikira, timadontho tating'onoting'ono, a bulauni ndi akuda timapanga masamba omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amatha kuzizira pa masamba omwe agwa, ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi cha masika amatha kupatsira masamba aang'ono mothandizidwa ndi mphepo ndi tizilombo. Mavuto okondweretsa podulay mildew pa msondodzi ndi nyengo yofunda ndi kuyatsa bwino.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse zomera, kuti musaphonye zizindikiro za matendawa panthawi yoyamba. Ngati zizindikiro zimapezeka, msondodzi umatulutsidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri ndi masabata awiri ndi fungicides. Yophukira ndi kasupe chitetezo kupopera mbewu mankhwala chingathandize kuteteza mtengo powdery mildew.
Ng'ombe yachitsulo
Nkhungu yotchedwa Willow - matenda a fungal, kuvulaza kwapadera kumabweretsa mitundu yolira ya chomera, ngakhale kuti ikhoza kuyambitsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zamoyo. Amamera kwambiri pamene nyengo yamvula imagwa ndipo kasupe ndi yaitali. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawoneka masika, masabata awiri chiyambireni kufalikira kwa masamba aang'ono. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi chakuda kwa masamba ndi mphukira ya msondodzi. Pambuyo pake, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomera zimafa. Ngati mtengo wa msondodzi uli ndi nkhanambo kwa zaka zingapo pamzere, umakhala wofooka, ndipo chitetezo chake chimachepa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi nkhanambo, atangotha tsamba, kupopera mbewu ndi fungicides ndikofunikira. Kukonzanso kachiwiri kumachitika patapita masiku khumi.
Kutupa
Kutupa ndi matenda a fungal ya tsamba la msondodzi. Anawonetsedwa m'chilimwe pamunsi pa pepala lapepalali ngati mawanga ndi mawanga. Ndi matenda amphamvu, tsambali likhoza kuphimbidwa ndi malo ofiira. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, madontho ambiri achikasu amaoneka pamwamba pa tsamba la tsamba. Spores amafalikira ndi mphepo, yozizira mu masamba ogwa. Chomwe chimathandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale chofunda ndi nyengo yamvula.
Mukudziwa? Kuti chitukuko chitheke, makina opatsa mphamvu a dzimbiri amafunikira kuchuluka kwa zomera. Ng'ombe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa tizilombo tonse ta matendawa. Mabungwe apakati ndi currants ndi larch.Zotsatira zoletsa. Ndikofunika kuteteza ndi kuteteza nkhuni ku dzimbiri pogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwezo monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawanga. Pofuna kupewa, masamba owuma ndi nthambi zokhudzidwa ziyenera kuwotchedwa.
Necrosis ya cortex
Necrosis ya makungwa ndi chizindikiro cha zomera zofooka komanso zazing'ono. Kukula kumapeto, kungapangitse imfa yawo. Matendawa amabwera kudzera m'magulu a kachilomboka, kuchokera pamtengo kupita ku mtengo. Chifukwa cha matenda aakulu, nthambi za msondodzi zimauma.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuti asagwire necrosis ya cortex, msondodzi ayenera kukhala wathanzi. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa alowe mu khungu lowonongeka. Ali wathanzi, wopanda ming'alu, sangathe. Choncho, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisawonongeke ku thunthu ndi nthambi. Ngati atapezeka, mankhwala ndi machiritso adzafunika.
Zokongola kwambiri za necrosis za mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi
Mapuloteni ambirimbiri a mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mawilitsi olira. Zimasangalatsa ndi bowa, zomwe zimafalitsa ndi mphepo, mphepo ndi tizilombo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a msondodzi zikuwoneka mu April - May. Panthawiyi, makungwa pamtengo ndi nthambi ndi zobiriwira, kenako amafa ndipo amakhala buluu-imvi. Ngati matendawa sachiritsidwe, msondodzi akhoza kufa m'zaka zingapo. Kuonjezerapo, zomera, zofooka ndi necrosis, zimakhala zosavuta zowonongeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo yomwe imapha mtengo.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Chimodzimodzi ndi necrosis.
Matenda otchedwa tubercular necrosis a nthambi
Bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tubercular necrosis zimakhudza nthambi za zomera zofooka, zakudwala kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matendawa amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe ofiira, ofiira a bulauni m'kati mwa makungwa. Makungwawo amasweka kenako, ndipo matupi a sporulation amachoka.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pewani kuchepa kwa mbewu, kuwonongeka ndi matenda ena ndi tizirombo. Nthambi zofooka ndi zofota, monga magwero akuluakulu opatsirana, ziyenera kuwonongedwa msangamsanga, malo amtundu wa cutoff ayenera kutetezedwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Muyeneranso kuyambitsa chithandizo cha mbeu mwamsanga ngati mukudwala matenda a bowa kapena matenda.
Cytospor necrosis (cytosporosis) ya mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi
Kutenga ndi cytosporosis, monga lamulo, kumapezeka mu May - June. Kutenga kumakhudza zomera kudzera kuwonongeka kwachinthu. Matendawa amachititsa imfa ya msondodzi. Mawanga akuda amakhala ofiira, ndipo kenako amadzazidwa ndi matupi a sporulation, mdima wamdima. M'chaka, spores amachokera kumeneko ndikupanga madontho, mitolo, mabala a chikasu, ofiira, a mtundu wa lalanje pa thunthu ndi nthambi. Mabala okhwima amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo, mphepo, ndi tizilombo. Cytosporosis imatha kupweteka imfa ya zomera zazing'ono.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kuteteza cytospore necrosis ya mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi, njira zomwezi zopewa ndi kuteteza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zina ndi necrosis.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta msondodzi
Mitengo imapha pafupifupi 37 tizilombo towononga. M'nkhaniyi tidziwa bwino masamba ndi masamba owopsa kwambiri, omwe amabweretsa mavuto aakulu.
Birch Heartfly
Mbalame yamkuntho ya ntchentche imawononga zimbalangondo pozungulira. Pamene ndodo ikukula, nkhwangwa imakhazikika, koma mawanga achikasu amakhala m'malo mwawo, mu gawo. Pa nthawi yomweyi ndodo imakhala yowawa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Chifukwa chakuti zamoyo za tizilombozi sizimvetsetsedwa bwino, njira zothetsera vutoli n'zovuta.
Willow Wolfberry
Vhirilow volnyanka ndi gulugufe loyera ndi mapiko a 45-55 mm. Ikuwoneka ndi mapayala wakuda ndi mphete zoyera pa iwo. Mbozi yamagulu a nyongolotsi imayamba ntchito zawo zoipa m'chaka. M'mweziwo amadya masamba. Iwo amaphunzira mu June - July. Patatha milungu iwiri, agulugufe akuthamanga, omwe amachititsa dzira-atagona pa mitengo ikuluikulu, nthambi, masamba. Mbozi zimenezi zimapangidwanso masamba.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ndikofunika kukopa zomera za msondodzi kuti zisawononge tizilombo ta mbalame zomwe zimatha kuwononga. Ngati chiwonongeko chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, pamene nyongolotsi zowononga masamba oposa 10%, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ngati kwa 1 lalikulu. M maluwa amawona tizilombo ziwiri kapena zitatu kapena kuposa.
Alder weevil
Mfundo yakuti msondodzi unayesedwa ndi alder weevil imatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba owuma pa mphukira ndi mavesi ambiri mu zimayambira. Mphutsi imapezeka mu July - oyambirira August. Amamva zowawa zambiri kuchokera ku zomera zazing'ono, zomwe amadzichera. Zowonongeka pamapangidwe a makungwa, m'magawo a thunthu, m'mamasamba owuma. Chaka chotsatira, amayamba ntchito zawo zoopsa kumapeto kwa nyengo: Mvula imatuluka mu May kuti iike mazira ndi kufa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ndodo zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa mu kugwa pambuyo pa dzira-mpaka kapena pakati pa May.
Chiwombankhanga cham'madzi
Chowopsa kwambiri kwa msondodzi ndi mzere wachiwiri wa masamba a msondodzi, omwe amachokera mu August. Mphutsi imatha kuwononga masamba onse a mtengowo. Oviposition imachitidwa mu kasupe pamunsi mwa masamba. Mphungu imaonekera patapita masiku 7 mpaka 14, yambani kudyetsa pa tsamba lakuya la tsamba. Pambuyo pake, maphunziro amapita, ndipo mu August mbadwo wachiwiri wa kachilomboka ukuwoneka, womwe umagwiritsira ntchito mapepala apamwamba ndi apansi. Amawombera pansi pa makungwa, masamba ndi nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yamphepete mwa nyanjayi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya mphepo. Ngakhale opanda masamba, amatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi 60%.Zotsatira zoletsa. Pambuyo kudula nthambi m'dzinja, nthaka pakati pa mitengo ili ndi udzu ndipo imayaka pamodzi ndi masamba akale. Izi zidzawononga nyongolotsi zomwe zinalowa m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso pa nthawi yophunzira, nthaka yozungulira msondodzi imadzaza madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, timabowo timagwidwa ndi misampha yapadera yomwe imapezeka ndi guluu. Pakakhala zilonda zam'mimba, amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mphepete mwazitsamba
Mphepete mwa msondodzi imayika mazira pamwamba pa mphukira, kenako imatuluka, ndipo chaka chamawa imayamba kugwira ntchito. Kumayambiriro kwa June, mphutsi zomwe zimadya pa madzi a mphukira zikuwonekera. Zotsatira zake, zimachoka kuima kukula, zimakhala zovuta.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga. Kololani mphutsi ndi dzanja, gwirani njoka wamkulu. Kugwira ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chinsalu, kutenthedwa ndi guluu kapena phula. Imaikidwa pamtengo, kenako ndi ukonde iwo amachoka pamtunda kuchokera ku mphukira. Iwo amagwa ndi kumamatira ku nsalu.
Willowworm
Tizilomboti ndi butterfly ndi mapiko a 44-55 masentimita. Amachoka ku June mpaka July. Iwo amapanga dzira-atagona pa makungwa ndi masamba. Zojambulazo zimakhala ngati keke, yomwe ili pamtengo m'nyengo yozizira. M'chaka, mbozi yakuda ndi wachikasu mbali ndi mawanga oyera kumbuyo kumathamanga. Amadyetsa masamba, ndipo usiku. Iwo amawombera pamwamba pa mphukira, akuwatchangata iwo ndi zibwebwe. Mphukira zoterezi zimasiya makhalidwe awo.
Mbozi za silika zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri m'mitsinje yaing'ono, chifukwa imatha kupha.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Palibe, kupatula njira zothana ndi njira zolimbana ndi njenjemera, sizinapangidwe nthawi ino. Pofuna kuteteza kufunika kokhala m'minda ya msondodzi kapena m'munda umene mtengo umakula, adani enieni a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - ntchentche, mpheta, tizilombo, ochepa. Pamene tizilombo timayambitsa mphutsi ndi mazira awo amakolola. Zilonda zotere zimagwidwa.
Thumba ngati thumba
Ngati msondodzi wawonongeka ndi thumba laling'ono pamtengo, padzakhala chizindikiro chodziwika - matumba achikasu achikasu otalika masentimita asanu atapachikidwa pamagulu. Mbozi za njenjete amadya masamba ndi nthambi. Chifukwa chake, masambawo amagwa, ndipo chomeracho chimachepa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuchiza ndi tizilombo m'chaka, pamaso pa Mphukira kusana, ndi m'chilimwe.
Kangaude mite
Zopweteka kwambiri ndizoyamwa tizilombo. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kangaude. Zitha kupezeka pamunsi mwa masamba, komwe zimadyetsa zomera. Posakhalitsa, masamba a msondodzi omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ofooka, owuma ndi kugwa. Nkhuku imapulumuka nyengo yozizira mu makungwa, pansi pa masamba owuma, ogwa, pansi.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kulimbana ndi nthata zazitsamba ndizovuta kwambiri. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi soapy madzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi matenda amphamvu, mudzafunika Karbofos.
Nsabwe za m'masamba, msondodzi wamba
Chirombo china choyamwa chomwe chimakhudza msondodzi ndi wamba wamba wa aphid. M'chaka, imadya chakudya cha masamba ndi mphukira. Masamba opotoka ndi opotoka, komanso kupezeka kwa mamba oyera pansi pa mtengo - chigoba chakale cha aphid chiwonetseratu kupezeka kwake. Pambuyo pake, nsabwe za m'mapiko zikawoneka, zimuluka pamwamba pa katsabola ndi kaloti. Mitengo iyi imabereka mbeu khumi, ndipo mu August amabwerera ku msondodzi. Kenaka amaika mazira m'nyengo yozizira pamphuno ya makungwa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Monga momwe mungaganizire kuchokera kufotokozera moyo wa nsabwe za m'masamba, kuti mupewe zida zake, nkofunika kuti musabzale msondodzi, karoti, katsabola ndi parsnip pafupi kwambiri. Kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi infusions a tizilombo zomera - anyezi, mpiru, henbane, tsabola, mbatata nsonga, etc. - amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kubwezeretsa. Chithandizo cha nkhuni ndi mafuta a sopo ndi mankhwala a chikonga.
Ndodo
Kuopsa kwa msondodzi ndi makoswe, omwe amakoka mizu ndi cuttings.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi makoswe ndi ziphuphu za poizoni.
Tinaganizira zochepa chabe za matenda ndi tizirombo timene timagwiritsa ntchito msondodzi. Ndipotu, zili zambiri. Ngati titsatira malamulo a zamagetsi, tiziteteza ndi kupopera mankhwala, ndiye kuti mavuto ambiri angapewe. Kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino ya kukula ndi chitukuko cha mitsempha kudzawathandiza kuti azigonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi ziphuphu.
