Makhalidwe apadera a tsabola mwamsanga anawutembenuza kuchoka ku mankhwala osakanizika kupita kumunda wamunda, womwe lero umakula pa malo a aliyense wamaluwa.
Komabe, si aliyense amene amatha kudya zipatso zake zonunkhira, monga tsabola ndizosavuta komanso zimafuna kusamalira.
Chowonadi chakuti chomera chimafuna chidwi chenicheni, wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuchokera masiku oyambirira a kulima, chifukwa nthawi zambiri masamba amachokera ku tsabola. Zomwe mungachite pa nkhaniyi, ndipo ndi chifukwa chanji chikhalidwe chopanda nzeru? Tiyeni tiyesere kupeza yankho.
Makolo odiririra
Tsabola 92% ndi madzi, ndipo mizu ya mbande zake sizomwe zimakhala zakuya. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chomeracho chimafuna chinyezi chambiri, kotero muyenera kuzimwa madzi nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka.
Dziko lapansi liyenera kuthiridwa 15-20 masentimita. Kusamba madzi okwanira ndi kuyanika kwa nthaka kungasokoneze "wophunzira" wanu.
Zamasamba "akukuuzani" za kusowa kwa chinyezi maonekedwe awo: tsabola idzayamba kutembenuka ndi kutsanulira masamba. Yotsatira yotsatira - kugwa kwa maluwa ndi losunga mazira. Mbeu imawoneka yopsinjika ndi yosargic, zimayambira zimakhala zofewa ndi zopepuka.
Ngakhale zipatso zikamera pa izo, sizidzasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe owonekera, wathanzi komanso kukoma. 
Nthawi yayitali ya chilala ikhoza kuopseza kwambiri mbande ndi magulu akuluakulu. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti amwe madziwo tsiku lililonse m'mawa.
Mvula imakhala yofunika kuchepetsa chinyezi kamodzi pa sabata. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka kumadzala ndi mbande kwa tsabola ndipo zingayambitse kuzira kwa masamba, kuvunda kwa mizu ndi zimayambira.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino yothetsera kuthira madzi ndi kutsanulira madzi kuchokera pa payipi mwachindunji pansi pazu. Ngati zinyontho pamasamba, zimatha kumangapo ndipo zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a majeremusi ndi tizirombo. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda, pafupifupi 25 ° C.
Kuwala kolakwika
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe masamba a tsabola akugwa.anabzala onse pawindo ndi mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena kutchire.
Pepper - chikhalidwe chokonda. Kuwala kosauka kapena kokwanira kungayambitse mavuto ambiri. Chomeracho chimafunika kuwala maola 12 pa tsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kugunda kwa dzuwa kumalowanso sikuvomerezeka - kuunika kuyenera kusokonezeka.
Kulephera kwa kuwala ndiko chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mbande imayamba kutambasula, kenako tsabola imayamba kukhetsa masamba.
Kuthetsa vuto ili ndi kuyesetsa. Choyamba, perekani mbande ndi kuwala kosavuta patsiku. Chachiwiri, muyenera kusamalira backlight. 
Pazinthu izi, magetsi a fulorosenti ali ndi mphamvu ya Watali 40-80. Ayenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa mbande pamtunda wa masentimita 8-10. Mphamvu ya nyali zoterezi ndikuti amapereka zikhalidwe ndi kuwala, koma siziwotchera.
Chachitatu, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbande sizinabzalidwe mowonjezereka, monga kuyesetsa kuti apulumutsidwe kuyambira pakati pawo.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amada nkhaŵa mopanda phindu. Ngati tsabola atembenukira chikasu ndikugwa masamba okhawo, ngati kukula kwake kuli 10-15 masentimita, izi ndi zachilendo. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chomera chanu chikukula.
Kutentha kwa madontho
Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za tsabola - thermophilic. Masamba amawopa ozizira, samalekerera drafts. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kulima kwake ndi 22-30 ° С masana ndi osachepera 14 ° С usiku.
Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mbande zimayamba kufooka, alibe mphamvu zokwanira zodyera zakudya kuchokera pansi. 
Chokhacho champhamvu cha tsabola ndi masamba, omwe amakoka zinthu zofunikira kuti zigwire ntchito. Zotsatira zake, masamba anayamba kutembenuka, kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Amaluwa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso akulangizidwa kuti apereke chomeracho ndi mphamvu yabwino ya kutentha: masana, kupirira penumbra, madzulo. Ngati ndi kotheka, idyani zakudya zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko chizizira (mwachitsanzo, phulusa).
Pezani zifukwa zazikulu za tsamba la tsabola.
Kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kwodzala ndi kutenthedwa kwa masamba, kenako masamba amasanduka wakuda.
Kutha kwa nthaka
Kusankhidwa bwino nthaka - imodzi mwa malonjezo a zipatso zabwino za tsabola. Zamasamba zimakonda gawolo, lomwe limaphatikizapo humus, dziko ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1.
Kuonjezerapo, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri, popeza nthaka yotsekedwa ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zazikulu, chifukwa masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndi kusiya tsabola.
Kupewa chodabwitsa choterechi kumathandizira mbewu kusinthasintha. Kubzala tsabola pambuyo pa mapiritsi, tomato, mbatata, kapena zaka 2 mzere pamalo omwewo siletsedwa. 
Nkhaka, anyezi, kabichi zabwino oyambirira a masamba - wolemera yokolola ndi yowutsa mudyo zipatso akutsimikiziridwa mu nkhaniyi.
Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chodziwa nthawi yabwino yofesa tsabola ku mbande.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Kusagwirizana kapena kulephera kutsatira malamulo oyang'anira mbande ndi kulephera kwa njira zothandizira ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a tsabola. Kuzindikira chomera chosavuta n'chosavuta.
Zina mwa zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za matenda ndi kukhalapo kwa tizirombo ndi tsamba lochepetsera, chikasu kapena lakuda kwa zimayambira, masamba ndi zipatso, kufuna, kupweteka. Pepper ndi chomera chosalimba chofunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Matenda akulu ndi tizirombo ta chikhalidwe:
- Stolbur. Choyambitsa matenda - tizilombo timayamwa madzi kuchokera ku zomera. Chotsatira cha matendawa ndi chikasu cha masamba, kukula kochepa, zipatso zopotoka, masamba osagwiritsidwa ntchito. N'zotheka kuthana ndi vutoli pakusintha mmimba, kumasula nthaka, ngati n'koyenera, kubzala mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa.
- Kuwala kofiira ndi kuphulika kwa mbande za tsabola nthawi zonse kumasonyeza kupezeka ndi kukula fusarium - zikhalidwe zanu zili ndi bowa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda oopsya kwambiri, chifukwa mbande zodwala ziyenera kuwonongeka. Osatetezedwa akhoza kuyesa kusunga. Njira yatsopano yobweretsamo ndi kuthirira mozama.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa imanena za maonekedwe a mdima pa chikhalidwe, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kuti muthe kugonjetsa mungathe kupempha thandizo la sprayers Mzere ndi Chingwe.
- Mankhwalawa "Msempha" amathandizanso pomenyana mwendo wakuda - Matenda omwe amachititsa kuvunda ndi kuyanika kwa zomera zimayambira, amachititsa kuti chikasu chikhale chokwera ndi kugwa masamba. Iyenera kuteteza masamba ku chimfine ndi madzi okwanira.
- Aphid - tizilombo toyambitsa chikhalidwe, koma ikhoza kuwonetsa imfa yake, chifukwa imatulutsa madzi onse ofunika. Amabereka mwamsanga ndikukhala mbande m'madera onse. Zotsatira zake, mbande zatha, masamba amasintha chikasu ndikugwa. Kuthetsa tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opanga mankhwala (Keltan, Karbofos), kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zambiri. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimawopa fumbi ndi fumbi lamtengo, choncho amalangizidwa kupanga "malo ogulitsa": 10 malita a madzi, sungunulani kapu ya fumbi, kapena phulusa ndi kutsanulira mbewuzo.
- Musamaganize kudya madzi a masamba ndi kangaudezomwe zimakhala pansi pa masamba. Mungathe kuchotsa wokhalamo mothandizidwa ndi Actellic, Karbofos, Fufanon.
- M'nyengo yotentha, tsabola imatsitsika. whiteflies (tizilombo ngati tizilombo tochepa). Whitefly amakwiyitsa maonekedwe a nkhungu pamwamba pa chikhalidwe. Kuthetsa njenjete kumagwiritsa ntchito Mtsogoleri wa mankhwala.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso zazikulu za tsabola zinakula mu Israeli. Kulemera kwake kunali 0,5 makilogalamu. Mbewuzo zinatchulidwa nthawi yomweyo mu Guinness Book of Records.
Kupanda feteleza
Kawirikawiri, ndi masamba ake obiriwira ndi mitundu yofooka, tsabola imakuwonetsani kuti yadutsa ndipo akuyenera kudyetsedwa. Kufunika kwa chinthu chilichonse cha mchere ndi chamoyo chili ndi zizindikiro zake zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa chikhalidwe chawo:
- Kuperewera kwa chuma kuwonetseredwa kupyolera pang'onopang'ono ndi kufalikira kwa masamba. Kufuna kwachitsulo kosakwanira kwachitsulo kumabweretsa chikasu ndi kugwa masamba, kuzizira kovuta kwa mbande. N'zotheka kuwoneratu ndi kupeŵa vutoli pa malo odzala: ngati mwasankha dongo kapena dothi labala la mbande, muyenera kulisamalira ndi feteleza ovuta.
- Kufunika kwa potaziyamu kumaonekera makamaka pa nthawi ya fruiting. Kudyetsa chikhalidwe mwachindunji pa nthawi ino sikulangizidwa. Koma chododomodzinso chikhoza kuwonedweratu: dothi la mchenga ndi peat wa kubzala tsabola ayenera kuperekedwa ndi potaziyamu pasadakhale.
- Masamba ofiirawo, kuchepa kwa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mizu, maonekedwe a imvi-chikasu pa masamba, kuvunda kwa nsonga za zipatso za tsabola kumasonyeza kusowa kwa calcium feteleza ndi overdose ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu.
- Ngakhale wolima munda akudziŵa kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha chikasu cha masamba ndi mphukira za tsabola, mawonekedwe a zoonda zoboola zipatso ndi zotsatira zake kusowa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Kuteteza chochitika choterocho chidzapereka slurry. Ndi bwino kumvetsera kuti mbali zina za mbande masambawo amatembenukira chikasu: chikasu cha masamba apansi chimasonyeza kusowa kwa phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium, ndi nayitrogeni; kufunika kwa chitsulo, manganese, boron, zinc imawonetseredwa mu chikasu cha masamba apamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Tsabola wokoma ndipamene amapezeka kwambiri pa vitamini C padziko lapansi, ngakhale zipatso za citrus sizikhoza kufanana ndi izo.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera kuchepa kwa zakudya m'thupi mukamadzala tsabola ndikumayambitsa feteleza ovuta kumangoyamba kumene kapena kubzala posachedwa.
Ndondomeko yokonzedwa bwino yobzala ndi kusamalira tsabola, kutsata njira zonse zothandizira kudzakhala chifungulo chokolola chodabwitsa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe ndi chovuta kwambiri komanso chovuta, chomeracho chidzakuuzeni za vuto lake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Choncho, bwino kulima yowutsa mudyo ndi zipatso zonunkhira kumadalira pa katundu wa chidwi chanu ndi kuleza mtima.
