Sizovuta kwambiri kukula kaloti wabwino. Amanena za mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake nthawi yofunda mbewu imangosowa m'mundamo. Ndipo ngati mungafesere zochuluka, ndiye kuti kuli nyengo yabwino, m'malo mwake, kupatulira kofunikira kumadzafunika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kumera kwa nyemba mwachangu ndikubzala ngati nkotheka osati kwambiri.
Kukonzekera dothi ndi mabedi
Musanayambe kukonza mabedi a kaloti, muyenera kudziwa mbali zazikulu zaukadaulo wake waulimi, makamaka:
- kaloti ayenera kukula padzuwa: ngakhale pamtundu pang'ono zipatso zake zimachepetsedwa;
- zotsogola bwino kwambiri za kaloti ndi nkhaka, mbatata, kabichi, adyo, komanso wotsogolera bwino komanso mnansi m'munda ndi anyezi;
- musabzale kaloti pambuyo pa parsley, katsabola, udzu winawake, komanso kaloti pambuyo pake;
- kukolola koyambirira, mutha kubzala kaloti nthawi yoyambirira, ndipo ngakhale nyengo yozizira isanachitike, koma kuti isunge yozizira muyenera kusankha mitundu mochedwa, ndikufesa mbewu pokhapokha kumatentha: osati kumapeto kwa Epulo.
Mukamasankha dothi, muyenera kudziwa kuti kaloti amakonda kupendekera pamchenga kapena loam. Itha kumera ngakhale mumchenga, koma panthaka zadothi, mizu yocheperako imakhala yaying'ono komanso yoyipa. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera, limakonzedwa kale osafesa, ndikuyambitsa mchenga wambiri, peat komanso kompositi yoyenda bwino. Malowa azikhala athyathyathya, popanda udzu, okumbidwa kawiri: kugwa komanso nthawi yomweyo asanakafesere.
Kusinthanitsa karoti ndi anyezi mabedi, kumenyana bwino anyezi ndi ntchentche za karoti
Panthawi yophukira kukumba, feteleza amawonjezedwa m'nthaka, koma popanda manyowa atsopano. Kuchokera manyowa, mbewu za mizu yokhala ndi tinsalu tambiri, yaying'ono ngati karoti wapamwamba, idzapezedwa, sizingakhale zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo sizisungidwa bwino. M'dzinja amabweretsa humus wakale (1 ndowa2) ndi lita imodzi ya phulusa. Koma koposa, ngati humus imayambitsidwa chaka chisanafike kaloti: kwa nkhaka, mbatata kapena kabichi. Mwachindunji pansi pa kaloti, zidzakhala zokwanira kuwonjezera phulusa ndipo, mwina, feteleza wocheperako wa mchere (mwachitsanzo, 20-30 g wa azofoska pa 1 mita2). Panthaka ya dothi lamankhwala acidic, choko chochepa, chokoleti chotsika kapena ufa wa dolomite ukuwonjezeredwa.
Kupukuta kwapulasitiki kukumba popanda kukumba, kuti nthawi yozizira nthaka igundike bwino, tizirombo ndi mbewu za udzu timafa, ndipo chinyontho cha chipale chofewa chimasungika bwino nthawi yachilimwe. Njira imeneyi sioyenera mabedi a karoti: imafunikira lotayirira kwambiri, yopukutira nthaka. Inde, zomaliza kukonza zidzachitika mu nthawi ya masika, koma ngati kufesa koyambirira kumayembekezeredwa, ndiye kuti ndi koyenera kuti kupera dothi lomwe layamba kale kugwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masingano a peat, utuchi kapena ma spruce, komanso mchenga wokonzedwa, kumathandiza kumasula nthaka.
Chapakatikati, nthaka ikangolola kugwira ntchito, iyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (1 tbsp.spoon mumtsuko), pambuyo pake uyenera kufuulidwanso ndikuyenda ndi mlimi aliyense. Pambuyo pamafomu amenewo. M'madambo louma, samakweza, ndipo komwe mvula imakonda kugwa, mafunde amatalika 20-25 cm.Ulifupi umatengera kukula kwa wosamalira mundawo: kaloti nthawi zambiri amafunika kumuchotsa, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala wowonda kunja, kotero suyenera kuphika kuti ukhale wabwino. mizere yotakata kuposa 1.0-1.2 m.
Mtunda pakati pa kubzala kaloti
Ponena za chiwembu chodzala kaloti, titha kungolankhula za mtunda pakati pa mizere. Mizere nthawi yofesa imakonzedwa kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kuyiyika kudutsa mabedi: izi ndizosavuta kwambiri kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa kuchotsa ndi kumasula. Mtunda pakati pa njere ungathe kusungidwa pokhapokha ngati njere zobzalidwa: ma granules oterewa ndi akulu, amathanso kufesedwa. Poterepa, pakati pa njere zimasiya 7-10 cm.
Ngati njere ndizachilendo, ngakhale mutayesetsa bwanji, zimakhala zovuta kuchita popanda kupatulira, timangoyesera kuzifesa m'njira yabwino. Zoyenera, pofika nthawi yophukira, pofika nthawi yokolola yonse, pakati pa mbeu pazikhalabe masentimita 10-15. Koma nthawi yonse yachilimwe timatulutsa kaloti kuti tipeze chakudya tikamafunika! Chifukwa chake, kufesa kumayenera kukhala pafupipafupi.
Kutatsala pang'ono chabe kuti nyengo yokolola ifike, mbewu za akuluakulu siziyenera kusokonezana; izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwanso mukamafesa njere ndi kupatulira mbande
Muyenera nthawi zonse kuchotsera pamfundo yoti kumera sikudzakhala 100%. Chifukwa chake, ngati kufesa koyamba kumachitika kuti pakati pa njere zomwe zatsala 2.0-2.5 cm, izi ndi zabwino. Bzalani kuya kwa 1.5-3.0 masentimita, kutengera kutalika kwa dothi komanso nyengo: kufesa pamtunda pamtunda kumatha kupangitsa kuti mbewu zife chifukwa cha chilala, ndikuzama kwambiri mu dothi lolemera - zimapangitsa kuti kumere kubereka.
Kukonzekera mbewu karoti
Mbeu za karoti zimatchedwa "wofatsa pang'ono": zofesedwa mu mawonekedwe owuma, zimamera nthawi yayitali kwambiri: ngakhale mutakhala nyengo yabwino, kuphukira koyamba kumatha kuwonekera pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa mwezi - atatha mwezi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumtunda kwa njereyo imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chofunda, ndikuchichotsa kapena kufewetsa, mbewu ziyenera kukonzedwa.
Kuchulukitsa (kukanidwa) kwa mbewu mwachisangalalo chake sichimakhudzidwa kwenikweni. Mbewuzo ndizochepa, ndizambiri, ndipo ngati, mwachitsanzo, nkhaka kapena phwetekere, kugwedezeka m'madzi amchere pambuyo pa mphindi 5-7 kumabweretsa kuti mbewu zotsika zimayandama ndipo zabwino zimira, chifukwa kaloti nambala iyi sikugwira ntchito: muyenera kuthilira kwa maola ambiri . Ngakhale, kwenikweni, kukonzekera koyambirira kumakhala ndendende ndikunyowa.
Koma amachita mosiyana. Mbewu zimasungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza kutentha kwa masiku 3-4, kuzinyowetsa ikamanyowa. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kumera, koma kungowira sindiwo njira yothandiza kwambiri. Mutha kuthira nthangala ndi madzi otentha (koma osati madzi otentha, monga momwe mungapezere zolemba zina!). Kuviika mu thumba m'madzi ndi kutentha pafupifupi 50 zaC, dikirani kuzizira kwachilengedwe kwa madzi.
Ndikwabwino kumera nthanga za karoti ndikuzisenda ndi mpweya. Ngati mpweya utalowetsedwa m'madzi momwe njerezo zimayikidwamo, pofika maola 8-10 kuchokera ku malo opangira madzi am'madzi, chigoba cha ma ether chimachotsedwa popanda zotsalira, ndipo mbewuzo sizimaphuka patatha sabata limodzi.
Olima ena amabzala mbewu, koma mukayamba izi, sizovuta kuzisiyanitsa
Kubzala mbewu za karoti mwina ndi gawo la upangiri womwe suthandiza: mbande za karoti siziopa chisanu, ndipo chofunikira ndi tsabola ndi tomato, kaloti sichothandiza.
Kukonzekera mbewu za karoti kuti mubzale ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. M'malo ovuta, zitha kukhala zovulaza. Chifukwa chake, mzochita zanga, sindimadziwa kale ngati kaloti adzapambana chaka chino. Imafesedwa nthawi zambiri mu Meyi: Epulo mbewu za chinyezi m'nthaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kumera, koma kaloti amapsa kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pomwe simungathe kuziyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Ndipo mu Meyi m'dera lathu nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutentha kwa 30 zaNdi mvula osati dontho. Pamaulendo obwera kudzikoli lokha kumapeto kwa sabata, izi ndizowopsa kwaulimi.
Mbewu zikanyowa, zimaswa. Izi zimagwira ntchito nthangala zazing'ono zilizonse: parsley, godetsia, clarkia, etc., zomwe sizimera chaka chilichonse. Mbeu zouma zimathanso kugona pansi, kukonzekereratu kuti zichitike mpaka nyengo yabwino: ndikodalirika pang'ono. Pakati panjira, pomwe pali zovuta zochepa ndi chinyezi, mbewu ndizokonzekera bwino kufesa.
Vidiyo: Kukonzekera mbewu za karoti
Njira zopangira
Nthawi iliyonse mbewu za karoti zikafesedwa, sizotheka kuchita popanda kupatulira konse. Inde, izi sizoyipa: padzakhala zinthu zatsopano za "vitamini" zochuluka. Koma kuyesa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimawononga nthawi yambiri pokoka mbande zowonjezera, komanso nthawi yomweyo kusunga pa mbewu, ndizotheka komanso zofunikira. Anthu athu abwera ndi njira zambiri zochitira izi.
Tsopano paogulitsa pali zida zosiyanasiyana monga makina ogwira ntchito. Ndikosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, mizere ilinso, mtunda pakati pa njere ndi zomwe mukufuna, kuya kwakukula ndikofanana. Ndiosavuta komanso yabwino kugwira ntchito, koma mitengo yokhayo imayima, ndipo wamaluwa amabwera ndi njira zina zachuma.
Kodi ndiyofunika kugula mbewu za karoti
Monga mbewu za masamba ambiri ndi maluwa, mbewu za karoti zimagulitsidwa kwambiri m'migulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimapangidwa munthaka chinyezi. Popeza kukula kwa nkhokwe ndizosachepera 2-3 mm, ndikosavuta kufesa pokhapokha, pamtunda wofunikira. Izi zimathetseratu kufunika kwa kuwonda pambuyo pake. Kuzama kofesa - 3 cm.
Mbeu za peeled ndizambiri, ndipo ngati zingafunike, zitha kuikidwa m'modzi nthawi imodzi
Kodi ndizomveka kugula mbewu zotere? Ngati mavuto alibe ndalama, izi ndizothandiza: muyenera kuthilira dimba pokhapokha mutabzala, kenako, mpaka mbande zitamera. Kupanda kutero, chiwonongeko cha chipolopolo panthawi yofunika kwambiri chitha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo mbewu zomwe zimapunthwa, zolephera kumera mwaiwo, zifa. Kaloti kuchokera ku mbewu zotere zimatuluka ngati nthangala wamba, masiku 15 mpaka 50 mutabzala.
Matepi Akufika
Njira imodzi yothandiza komanso yachuma ndikufesa kaloti pa tepi. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa tepi yomatira ya kukula kofunikira, koma kwanthawi yayitali amayi athu a nyumba amabwera ndi lingaliro lofesa mbewu pamapepala azimbudzi. Akonzekereratu tepi pasadakhale, nthawi yayitali yamadzulo, kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira, amayiyika mu poyambira pafupifupi 3 cm, ndikuthirira mokwanira ndikuthira ndi dothi.
Kumata mapepala ndi ntchito yovuta koma yodalirika
Nthawi zambiri umathiridwa pamatepi okhala ndi mtunda wa masentimita 2.0-2.5 Kuti muchite izi, dulani pepala: kutalika kwake kumasankhidwa lofanana ndi kutalika kwa mabedi ofunikira. Amaphika mafuta ophikira wowuma, ndipo amawayambitsa asidi wochepa wa asidi. Atayika pepala patebulo, phala limayikidwa kuchokera pa dontho pamalo omwe likufunikira ndipo mbewuzo zimayikidwa mosamala madontho awa. Mukamaliza kuyanika, pindani pang'onopang'ono pepala ndikukhala mpaka masika.
Kusintha kwa njirayo kufesa mbewu mu zopukutira. Chilichonse ndi chofanana, koma amatenga zopukutira za kukula kosavuta ndikuyika phala yolondera mumizere ingapo, mtunda pakati pa mizere 15 cm.Izotheka malinga ndi chiwembu china, 5 × 5 cm, kwa yemwe ndichotheka kwambiri.
Zachidziwikire, mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kumera kwa mbewu kuyandikira 100%, kotero kuti ntchitoyi sinawonongeke, ndipo palibe "madazi" pamabala. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zodalirika zokha.
Vidiyo: Kubzala riboni ndi mbewu za karoti m'munda
Kubzala ndi mchenga
Kubzala mbewu za karoti, monga mbewu zina zazing'ono, kwachitika kalekale ndi mchenga. Chilichonse ndichopepuka: mbewu "zimasungunuka" ndi mchenga wabwino. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi lita imodzi ya mchenga imatengedwa pa supuni yotseketsa ya njere (pafupifupi kuchuluka komweku kwaikidwamo) (mulimi aliyense ali ndi gawo lake). Ndikofunika kuti mchenga ukhale woyera komanso wouma, chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri ndikusakaniza zosakaniza bwino kuti kufalitsa mbewu kumchenga umodzi.
Komanso pali zosankha. Okonda ena amabzala kusakaniza kowuma, pomwe ena amanyowa pang'ono ndikumwaza "zamkati" m'mphepete. Malingaliro anga, kufesa osakaniza kouma ndikosavuta komanso kwachilengedwe. Pa gawo liti la bedi lomwe muyenera kuwaza osakaniza okonzeka, mutha kungowerenga pa phukusi ndi njere.
Mbeu za karoti sizimawoneka bwino mumchenga, ndipo kufesa kumasandulika kufalitsa mchenga kukhala poyambira
Kupaka phala
Phala limapangidwa kuchokera ku mbatata (kapena chimanga) wowuma kapena ufa wa tirigu, kupanga madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pa 1 tbsp. kumwa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ozizira mu supuni ya ufa, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa chosangalatsa komanso kozizira 30-30 zaC.
Mukasuntha ndi mtsinje wowonda, njere zimathiridwa mu phala lotentha (ndikuthekeka kunyamula mbeu 1 lita imodzi), sakanizani bwino, ndikusunthira kumtunda wothirira popanda strainer kapena mu ketulo ndikuthira osakaniza mu malo okonzedwa onyowa poyambira kuyerekezera koyenda.
Monga mu mchenga, njere ziyenera kugawidwa mofananamo mu phala.
Kubzala mbewu za karoti thumba
Kubzala "mthumba" ndi njira yophatikiza kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa mbewu ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa misa ndi phala kapena mchenga. M'thumba lopangidwa ndi nsalu yachilengedwe kapena yopyapyala, mbewuzo zimayikidwa koyambirira kwa kasupe m'nthaka mpaka mainchesi 15, ndikupanga chizindikiro pafupi naye. Kwa masiku 10-15 mu dothi lonyowa, mbewu zimatupa ndikuyamba kuwaswa. Pakadali pano, chikwamacho chimakumbidwa ndipo njere zimathiridwa mumbale.
Mu mbale, mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga ndipo osakaniza amabzala mu poyambira bwino: Mbeu zomwe zimamatirira ndikufunika chinyontho, zimaphuka posachedwa, pasanathe sabata limodzi. M'malo mchenga, mutha kutenga wowuma: pali kusinthidwa kwa njirayo ndi wowuma wowuma, ndipo kuli ndimadzimadzi; m'malo omaliza, mbewu sizinafesedwe, koma "zimatsanulidwa" pabedi.
Kanema: Kukhazikitsa mbewu zofesa mchikwama
Soka monga chida chofesa kaloti
Ogulitsa pali "owoka" osavuta kwambiri a mbewu za karoti. Ndi zotengera za pulasitiki zokhala ndi kachipangizo kamametera komwe kuli pansi. Piston ikapanikizika, mbewuyo imakumwa pang'onopang'ono m'mbale.
M'malo mwake, wofesayo wogula amafanana ndi syringe yokhazikika
Popeza chipangizochi chimawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 100-150, nthawi zonse wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito syringe yamankhwala yothandizirana ndiichi, yomwe imagwiranso ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuti m'mimba mwake kutulutsa kofanana ndi kukula kwa mbewu: mphamvu ya syringe imatengedwa 10-20 ml.
Kubzala kaloti pogwiritsa ntchito thirayi
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makatoni a mazira a pulasitiki kapena mazira a pulasitiki, pomwe mabowo ali pabedi amakhala yunifolomu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa pofesa masamba osiyanasiyana. Chingwecho chimakanikizidwira pang'ono m'nthaka yotseguka, pomwe chimasiya chokha mabowo akuya kwakufunika. M'maenje awa ndikufesa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa ma radish, koma kaloti, phwando siloyipa. Ambiri olima m'munda amabzala mbewu ziwiri mu bowo lililonse, kenako amatulutsa mbande zowonjezera.
Nthawi zambiri, thireyi limangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholemba chizindikiro
Kusintha kwa njirayi ndikusankha mukakhala ma tray ambiri osafunikira. Kenako bowo laling'ono limapangidwa mgawo lililonse (kuti limaphukire), kenako pagome lililonse labwino, nthaka imathiridwa m'maselo onse ndipo mbewu zimafesedwa. Pambuyo pake, matchuniwo amayikidwa mu kama wamaluwa ndikusiyidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola.
Chisamaliro cha karoti
Ngati kaloti adakula bwino, kusamalira ndikosavuta. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi chambiri tisanatuluke, kupewa kupukuta ndi nthaka. Ngati sikungatheke kufesa wogawana, ndikuwoneka masamba oyamba owona, kuwonda koyamba kumachitika, ndikusiya masentimita 2-3 pakati pa mbewu. Kuchulukitsa kachiwiri pakatha milungu itatu: zotulutsa zitha kuikidwa kwathunthu msuzi.
Kuthirira pafupipafupi kwa kaloti ndikofunikira: nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono pakuya kwa masentimita 30. Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo masabata atatu asanazulidwe muzu, amayimitsidwa. Kulima dothi ndikuwongolera udzu ndikofunikira nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. Nthawi yoyamba kudyetsa kaloti kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, chachiwiri - pambuyo miyezi ina 2. Kapangidwe kovala pamwamba ndi phulusa la nkhuni (kapu pa ndowa) kapena azofoska (supuni 1-2 pa ndowa).
Kuchita bwino kwa kaloti kumadalira makamaka pakufesa koyenera. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pa nthawi yake, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, pang'ono.Ndikubzala kokhazikika, kupatulira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira, ndipo kuphonya nthawi yakumapeto kwa ntchitoyi sikukhudza kukula kwa mbewu.
